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Acute Laryngitis
Author: Arvils Neško RSU MFIII
Supervisor: Dr. Dins Sumerags
07.03.2016. Rīga
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Inflammatory process in the mucosa of the vocal cords and larynx
Abrupt onset, lasts less than 3 weeks, self limitedTypical symptoms are
»Hoarse voice
»Sensation of tickling, rawness in throat
»Dry cough
»Mild fever
Definition and Presentation
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Etiopathogenesis
Caused by»Viral infections
»Traumatic (excessive shouting, inhalation of toxic fumes, direct injury)
»Bacterial infections
Edema and hyperemia of damaged laryngeal structures
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Loss of function»Phonation
»External breathing
Etiopathogenesis
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Diagnosis of laryngitis is based on symptomsDirect laryngoscopy if symptoms > 3 wk
Diagnostics
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Differential Diagnosis of Importance
Reflux laryngopharyngitis Infectious/allergic chronic laryngitis Spasmodic disphonia
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Therapy
Voice rest Steam inhalations Smoking cessation Cough suppressants (Dextrometorphanum) Corticosteroids should not be prescribed on regular
basis
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When Acute Laryngitis Must Be Taken Seriously
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Pediatric Epiglottitis
Medical emergency Etiology
»H. Infulenzae B and non-type B
»Sometimes Str. pneumoniae et pyogenes, S. Aureus
2 - 4 y/o Rapid onset (2-6 h) Fever, sore throat, stridor
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Pediatric Epiglottitis
Diagnosis is based on clinical findings Indirect laryngoscopy is not recommended Lateral soft tissue X-rays with «thumb sign»
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Thumb Sign
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Pediatric Epiglottitis
Airway maintenance»General anesthesia
»Oral/nasotracheal intubation
»Direct laryngoscopy
- Cherry red and swollen epiglottis, false vocal cords, arytenoid folds
- Subglottic region normal or minimally involved
»Culture sample
Empiric antibiotic therapy»Ampicillin/sulbactam
»2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporines
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Case Report
Ashley M. Cerqueira et Al., «A case of acute epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type a in an
adult», JMM Case Reports (2014)
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Case report
65 y/o woman Presents w/:
»Sore throat
»Mild fever and chills
»General malaise
Previous history significant w/:»Obesity
»DM type II, hyperlipidemia and proteinuria
»Osteoarthritis
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Case Report
Prescribed Tamiflu (oseltamivir) Returned on the following day w/:
»Progressive dysphagia and dyspnea
»Severe sore throat and drooling
»Increased neck swelling
Sent to emergency department
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Case Report
Physical examination»Temperature of 35.6°C
»HR, RR, BP and blood oxygen saturation N
»Cervical lymphadenopathy with tenderness on palpation
Instrumental data»Chest X-ray revealed clear lungs, normal pleura and a
normal-sized heart
»Neck X-ray showed prominence of the epiglottis and upper tracheal narrowing, confirming epiglottitis
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Lateral Neck X-Ray
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Therapy
i/v dexamethasone 10 mg i/v ceftriaxone 1 g and vancomycin 1 g
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Results
Three days after admission, the patient showed an improvement in breathing and swallowing, and was able to speak
Discharged home and oral Kephlex (Cephalexine) was prescribed
Culture sample revealed H. influenzae type A
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Resources
Basic Otorhinolaryngology A Step-by –Step- Learning Guide.
» Authors: R.Probst, G.Grevers, H.Iro
» Publisher: Themie 2006
Ballenger`s otolaryngology: head and Neck Surgery (16th Edition)
» Authors: Snow, James B. Wackym, P.Ashley
» Publisher: PMPH USA, Ltd, original publication 2003
Cummings otolaryngology–head & neck surgery (6th edition)
» [edited by]: Paul W. Flint, Bruce H. Haughey, Valerie Lund, John K. Niparko, K. Thomas Robbins, J. Regan Thomas, Marci M. Lesperance
» Publisher: Saunders, 2015
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Some More Resources
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/laryngeal-disorders/laryngitis
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/864671-overview
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498669/
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Thank You!