URBAN MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND PRACTICE IN NEPAL

Bhagawan AryalLocal Development Officer

Office of District Development Commit-tee,Pyuthan

Nepal

PRESENTATION OUTLINE Nepal at Glance Urban Policies and Legislations Three Year plan of Government of Nepal Institutional Arrangement Existing Scenario/Facts and Figure Urbanization Trend City Profile Challenges Future Prospects

NEPAL AT GLANCETotal Area : 1,47,181 sq. Km

(0.03% of the world and 0.30% of Asia)Total Population: 26.5 MillionNumber of Household: 5.66 MillionPopulation growth rate: 1.35%Population Density: 180 per sq. kmUrban population Density: 985 per sq.kmSex Ratio : 94.41 (Males per

hundred females)Urban Population: 25%, Rural Population: 75%`

POLITICAL SYSTEM

Before 1990s :- Panchayat Regime Led by King

After 1990s (People’s Movement 1st):- Multi Party

Democracy with constitutional Monarchy

After 2006 (People's Movement 2nd):- Nepal be-

came “Federal Democratic Republic

ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Population Below Poverty Line : 25.16%

Urban Poverty : 10% (Increased 8% to 10%)

Annual Economic Growth Rate: 5.2%

Local Self Governance Act 1999

Solid Waste Management Act.

Town Development Act.

Urban Development Policies.

Housing Policies

POLICIES AND LEGISLATION

THREE YEAR PLAN

ObjectivesTo develop safe, clean and prosperous cities with adequate infrastructure.

Strategies Encourage private-sector investment in the ba-sic social and physical infrastructures of big cities and towns, and Formulate proper programmes for developing the urban infrastructure needed for the planned development of villages which are emerging as towns as well as for towns which are growing into municipalities.

Programmes operated by public-private partner-ships will be run to develop and advance basic urban services.

Programmes to renovate and preserve important historical, religious, cultural and touristic sites ly-ing in major urban areas will be initiated.

Planned cities and settlements will be developed in the vicinity of both major highways, including the Mid-Hills Highway, and other roads which are important from the perspective of economic de-velopment.

OPERATING POLICIES

...OPERATING POLICIES

Basic urban services will be gradually de-veloped and expanded in emerging towns, And One city will be selected for develop-ment as a model planned city with all the necessary infrastructure. Sustainable and systematic urban devel-opment plans and settlement development programmes will be executed.

...OPERATING POLICIES The infrastructure of regional megacities and selected small towns will be developed in an integrated fashion. Model projects will be framed and imple-mented to make the rivers of Kathmandu Val-ley clean and green

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGE-MENTS National Planning Commission

Apex body of Planning chair by Prime Minister

Sectoral Coordination

Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Develop-

ment

Formulation of Urban policies and Plan

Working as Focal Ministry of Municipality

Assist and Technical Support to Municipality for

formulation of local level urban planning

… INSTITUTIONAL AR-RANGEMENTS

Ministry of Urban Development

Town Development Fund

Solid Waste Management Board

Kathmandu Valley Development Authority

Office of District Development Committee

Municipalities

Town Development Committee

EXISTING SCENARIO/FACTS AND FIGURE

Total Population: 2,64,94,504

No. of City Government : 130

Urban Population: 67,71,995

Current Urban Population: 25.56 %

Total Population growth rate : 1.35%

Urban Population Growth rate : 3.38%

Urban Poverty Rate : 15.5%

Source: 2011 Censuses report, Nepal Statistical Department

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILI-TIES OF MUNICIPALITIES(CITY GOV-ERNMENT)Revenue Collection

Physical Development

Solid Waste Management

Environmental issues and Hygiene and Sani-tation

Judicial Authority

...ROLES AND RESPONSIBIL-ITIES OF MUNICIPALITIES(CITY GOV-ERNMENT)Education and Sports

Cultural Development

Urban Transportation

Health Service

Social Welfare

Industry and Tourism

URBANIZATION TREND IN NEPAL

19711991 2001 2011 2014

No. of Municipality 16 33 58

Urban population 4,62,000 16,93,000 33,00,000 4523820

% of total population 4.1 9.1 15

Urban population growth rate

3.23% 5.89% 6.91% 3.38%

17.07

130

25.56

58

67,71,995

3.38%

Total Population : 38536 Female : 20805 Male : 17731 House Hold : 9259 Ward No : 16 Area : 210 Sq. Km Population Density : 185 Per Sq.Km Literacy Rate : 71% Population Growth Rate : 1.05% Life Exectancy : 64 years

MUNICIPAL PROFILE OF PYUTHAN

Human Development Index : 0.426

Malnutrition : 42.5% (under 5yr)

House hold with Safe drinking water : 78%

Solid Waste Collected : 6 Ton Daily

...MUNICIPAL PROFILE OF PYUTHAN

Local election not held since 2002 which is hin-dering the representation of political parties, dis-advantaged groups and women in the decision making.

Internal revenue base becoming very weak, and revenue rate cant be revised in the absence of people’s rep in the spirit of ‘no taxation without representation’

URBAN ISSUES AND CHAL-LENGES

URBAN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Mismatch between growing demands of municipal services and weak institutional capacity as well as limited resource mobi-lization.

Absence of clear urban infrastructure and investment plan, and issues of urban poverty & other pertinent urban problems not taken as yet seriously.

Growing dependency of municipalities on central government for block grants due to fulfill so many demands of the tax payers and inadequate mobiliza-tion of resources.

Double responsibilities to EOs to work as Mayor as well as administrator, and their frequent transfer from one city to another and even other ministries.

Institutional development of 72 new municipalities are even more challenging to enable them to deliver minimum urban utility services to the people

...URBAN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

...URBAN ISSUES AND CHALLENGESDecreasing employment opportunities due to low level of urban investment and local economic development programs or activi-ties.

A decade long internal conflict, unstable government and lingering transition affected the overall development process and eco-nomic growth in the country.

New constitution likely to guaranty constitutional provision of Municipalities as a third tier of govt., and State Restructuring Committee will define the share of resources and coordination mechanism with state govt.

The political parties and government have shown their commitment to hold local election very soon to end the vacuum of peoples’ representation at the local level.

OPPORTUNITIES

...OPPORTUNITIES MoFALD & National Planning Commission gradually giving importance to growing ur-ban challenges.

72 new municipalities will contribute to in-crease GDP by mobilizing their resources.

National Urban Development Strategy & Urban Poverty Policy being drafted by the government can address the needs of the urban poor and other burning urban issues.

...OPPORTUNITIESFormula based grant allocation system (M-CPM) will increase competitiveness among municipalities and increase their performance

Completion of Landfill site Construction.

Preparation of Master plan& Land use plan.

Community composting system being started.

Increasing awareness regarding environmental is-

sues.

WAY FORWARD

...WAY FORWARD

Increase cooperation among public, private

and community level.

Proper enforcement of law.

Capacitate the Human Resource.

LUMBINI BIRTH PLACE OF LORD BUDDHA

LORD BUDDHALORD BUDDHA

MT. EVEREST, NEPAL

TILICHO LAKE, NEPAL (4919M)

RARA LAKE, NEPAL

THANK YOU

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