ONOMASTICS TO REVEAL

> GENDER GAP / GENDER PAY GAP

> DIASPORAS AND OTHER DIVERSITY ANALYTICS

Alvaro LIMA, Boston Redevelopment Authority Elian CARSENAT, NamSor Applied Onomastics

1

2015-08

2

NamSor Gender API extracts the likely gender of

personal names

(ex. Andrea Rossini : Male; Andrea Parker : Female)

The gender gap in City of Boston employees

Original file : Employee_Earnings_Report_2012.xlsx

Genderized : output_employees_genderized.xlsx

3 simple steps to view the gender gap 3

Read examples of industry wide studies (airline pilots, Hollywood, start-ups, ...)

http://gendergapgrader.com/

Employees List City

Example – Boston City Employees

4

RapidMiner +

NamSor API

Employee_Earnings_Report_2012.xls

(no gender information in original doc)

genderized document, with detail to make

gender gap / gender pay gap statistics

Both First Name and Last Names

are used to infer gender:

-Andrea Rossini -> Male

-Andrea Parker -> Female

-O. Sokolova -> Female

-N.S.->Unknown

-Olga S. -> Female

1 2 3

Gender Gap By Department 5

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Transportation-Parking Clerk

Law Department

ASD Human Resources

Boston Public Schools

Boston Public Library

State Boston Retirement Syst

Dept of Voter Mobilization

Neighborhood Development

Boston City Council

Elderly Commission

Assessing Department

Boston Cntr - Youth & Families

Transportation Department

Dpt of Innovation & Technology

Inspectional Services Dept

Boston Police Department

Property Management

Parks Department

Public Works Department

Boston Fire Department

Boston City Gender Gap by dept having 50+ employees

%M

%F

%U

More Male

More Female

Source: output_employees_genderized.xlsx

Gender Gap By Earnings Range 6

2344

5488

303

3390

4863

15

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

22026+ 59874+ 162754+

Boston City Gender Gap Count of employees with

total earnings > $22k, $59k, $162k

Female

Male

Source: output_employees_genderized.xlsx

Gender Pay Gap – average earnings 7

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

Boston Public Schools:Teacher

Boston Public Schools:Librarian

Boston Police Department:Police Officer

Boston Police Department:Police Detective

Transportation Department:Parking Meter Supervisor

Inspectional Services Dept:Housing Inspector

Dpt of Innovation & Technology:Sr Data Proc Sys Anl

Dpt of Innovation & Technology:Data Proc Sys Analyst

Boston City Gender Pay Gap Average earnings by Dept by Title

(NB: Median should be used instead)

Female Avg

Male Avg

Source: output_employees_genderized.xlsx

Is it accurate? Testing with Boston Voters List

8

NamSor API

Output (B)

NamSor API

Input Declared

gender (A) How often A=B?

Row Labels Female Male Unknown (blank) Grand Total Precision Recall

F 194442 9625 1884 205951 95.3% 99.1%

M 6249 165069 1779 173097 96.4% 99.0%

(blank) 3339 3688 355 7382

Grand Total 204030 178382 4018 386430 95.8% 99.0%

Precision > 95%

The gender gap is measured accurately

9

Using Declared Gender Estimating Gender using Names

45%

53%

2%

Voters List Gender Gap (actual)

M

F

U

47%

53%

0%

Voters List Gender Gap (inferred)

Male

Female

Unknown

Error rate in range 0% to 2%, usually <1% (NB can vary based on demographics, ex gender can’t be inferred of Chinese, Korean names)

10

NamSor Origin API extracts the likely country/culture of origin of personal names

Diversity of origin in City of Boston employees Original file : Employee_Earnings_Report_2012.xlsx

Origins : output_employees_origined.xlsx

Diversity of origin in City of Boston voters

Original file : Voters List.txt

Origins : Voters_Origined.xlsx

<CAVEAT> 11

So far, at NamSor, we have worked mostly on international projects related to highly qualified migrants (company directors, scientists, inventors, ...)

In the context of a US City, we believe our unique onomastics technology (using names) should be combined with other more traditional approaches to geo-demographics (census, qualitative surveys ...)

We try to innovate and bring a different view, but we also hope to work hand-in-hand with you to reconcile the data coming from traditional geo-demographics (such as gender, race and ethnicity) with the fine grain information that names can bring in (such as gender, linguistic root, likely country/region of origin, ...)

</CAVEAT>

Boston City Employees Diversity of origin/culture by Department

35% of Employees of

the Boston Fire Dept

have an Irish Name

15% of Employees of

Boston Public Schools

have an Irish Name

12

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Boston City Employees – by Dept and Origin

Fire Dept

35% Irish

Public Schools

15% Irish

Irish Names

Boston Voters List Diversity varies district by district

13

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

02

12

4

02

13

0

02

13

5

02

12

7

02

13

6

02

13

1

02

13

2

02

12

5

02

11

8

02

12

8

02

11

9

02

11

6

02

12

1

02

12

2

02

12

9

02

12

6

02

11

5

02

13

4

02

21

5

02

11

4

02

12

0

02

11

3

02

11

1

02

10

8

02

10

9

02

21

0

02

11

0

02

46

7

02

19

9

02

16

3

02

16

9

02

44

5

02

44

6

02

02

6

Boston City Geo-demographics by ZipCode by likely Origin Russian Federation

Ghana

China

Austria

Czech Republic

Uganda

Benin

Belgium

Netherlands

Greece

Viet Nam

Kenya

Sweden

Switzerland

Portugal

South Africa

Germany

Italy

Spain

France

Ireland

British

Source: Voters_Origined.xlsx

Boston Voters List Ex. Portuguese, Spanish, Italian Names

14

ZIP 02125 : About 21% of people with a

Portuguese name live in ZIP 02125, whereas only

6.6% of people with a Spanish name, 3.8% of

people with an Italian name live in that district.

ZIP 02128: Only 5.8% of people with a Portuguese

name live in ZIP 02128, whereas 10.9% of people

with a Spanish name, 15.2% of people with an

Italian name live in that district.

Source: Voters_Origined.xlsx

Boston Voters List: Diversity by occupation Interesting ones: Firefighter, CNA, Cleaner, Waiter, Economist, ...

15

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

UN

KN

OW

N

STU

DEN

T

AT

HO

ME

ATT

ORN

EY

CLE

RK

ENG

INEE

R

PH

YSIC

IAN

AD

MIN

ASST

HO

MEM

AK

ER

LABO

RER

SEC

RET

ARY

SO

CIA

L W

ORKER

PRO

FESSO

R

ARC

HIT

ECT

TEC

HN

ICIA

N

SEL

F EM

PLO

YED

CA

RPEN

TER

REA

L ES

TATE

EDU

CA

TOR

BA

NKER

CO

ORD

INA

TOR

CA

SH

IER

MU

SIC

IAN

LIBRA

RIA

N

(bla

nk)

ELEC

TRIC

IAN

SEC

URIT

Y

RN

EDU

CA

TIO

N

THER

APIS

T

CU

STO

DIA

N

REA

LTO

R

HO

USEK

EEPER

REC

EPTI

ON

IST

SU

PER

VIS

OR

CO

NSTR

UC

TIO

N

BU

S D

RIV

ER

OPER

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R

RES

EARC

H

PA

INTE

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HEA

LTH

CA

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CLE

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HEA

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CA

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FOO

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ERV

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AD

VER

TISIN

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AU

DIT

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BU

SIN

ESS O

WN

ER

Source: Voters_Origined.xlsx

Boston Voters List by Occupation and by Origin

16

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

British Ireland France Italy Spain Portugal Russian China India Pakistan Somalia Ukraine Thailand Japan

Boston City Voters - occupation breakdown by onomastic class

OTHER

TEACHER

STUDENT

RETIRED

Source: Voters_Origined.xlsx

US Census vs NamSor geo-demographics

17

In July 2015, the US Government announced new

rules that will require all cities and towns receiving

federal housing funds to assess patterns of

segregation.

The NY Times has published interactive maps of

Boston geo-demographics, which we can compare

with the information inferred by NamSor

US Census Race Map of Boston 18

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/08/us/census-race-map.html

Using Voters List+NamSor is finer-grain

US Census: 1pixel = 40 inhabitants

Voters List: 1 pixel = 1 voter

19

Voter’s list:

we can zoom further into 051200

US Census

Voters List + NamSor

20

Voter’s List: breaking down ‘white’

In 051200, ‘White’ is

dominent

‘White’ can be broken down further

(Southern, Northern, Eastern, Western Europe)

21

Voter’s List:

distinguishing Portuguese, Spanish, Italian

22

Current limitation (we’re working on it):

NamSor doesn’t see Black 23

The Census block 101001 is 83% composed of Black inhabitants, but NamSor

recognizes European names. That can be resolved by further work on the

sociolinguistics and relations between firstName and lastName.

Analysing other databases would provide

valuable information about: 24

Local Businesses in Boston

Start-ups / VC / Business Angels in Boston

Students, Professors & Researchers in Boston

Tourism in Boston

...

NamSor Pricing 25

NamSor API price is based on volume, typically

130€ / 10,000 data rows processed

plus cost of acquisition of source data

We can support our clients with training, data sourcing, data filtering, methodology, mapping

950€ plus Tax (Time & Material, daily rate)

Price range for a typical engagement

4000k€ to 45k€, on average 15K€

Conclusion 26

As a pilot, we analysed two databases (Employees,

Voters List) and discovered interesting patterns in

gender diversity as well as diversity of

culture/origin in Boston City voters and employees.

Other projects could use such data, in order to

make Boston City even more inclusive to men and

women of all origins.

The technology is simple to use and affordable.

Merci !

http://fdimagnet.com/

http://namsor.com/

27

Juillet 2013, Ambassade de Lituanie à Paris

elian.carsenat@namsor.com

+33 6 52 77 99 07

Twitter @NamSor_com