The Decline of Harappan Culture - History – Mocomi.com

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The city of Harappa was divided into two parts- The Cita-del, which was home to the great public bath as well as large residential buildings that housed around 5000 people. It also had two large assembly halls but there is no evidence of the presence of any Kings, priests, armies, pal-aces or temples. So the purpose of the Citadel is still un-clear.

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The Lower City- was laid out in a grid like pattern. Most people lived here and seemed to have been traders or ar-tisans. They resided with others who were in the same pro-fession as theirs. Potters' kilns, dyers' vats, metal working, bead making, shell making suggest that the people of Harappa had a wide range of occupations. Materials were procured from far-away places to make a wide range of things such as seals, beads and other artifacts.

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Seals which were discovered during excavations that had pictures of Gods, animals and other inscriptions. Some of these seals were used to stamp clay on trade goods.

Goods made in the Indus valley traveled as far as Mesopo-tamia (present-day Iraq), Afghanistan and other parts of India.

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Jewelery that was discovered in the area suggests that the people of the Indus Valley had access to gold, copper and semi-precious stones.

The city had good flood control measures and irrigation systems in place.

But inspite of this, evidence suggests that Mohenjo-daro was destroyed and rebuilt seven times. This was because of the damage caused by severe floods and the river changing its course, the entire city was wiped out. The re-peated rebuilding process proves that their architects were dedicated workers and always dealt with nature's forces.

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Extensive agricultural production and trade with Sumer in Southern Mesopotamia supported life at Harappa.

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Weapons and tools were made from copper and bronze but not iron. Wheat, rice and a variety of vegetables and fruits were cultivated. A number of animals were domesti-cated and cotton was woven and dyed for clothing.

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The people of Harappa seemed to have lived peaceful lives, with little fear of invasion. When the Aryans arrived from the Northwest, they hardly encountered any resist-ance. The Harappan people were overpowered by their superior military skills.

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The fall of Mohenjo-daro is a typical example of the decay of this great culture. It took another thousand years before a city as well-planned was built again.

Excavations reveal that the people of Harappa were tech-nologically advanced and had an efficient system of gov-ernance in place.

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Some artifacts that were excavated from the area include soapstone seals like the humped Brahmani bull and Pashupati. Other carved figures that were discovered include the bronze dancing girl and the statue of a priest and a man's torso.

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Stone implements and cave paintings from this period have been found in many parts of Asia. There is also evi-dence suggesting the domestication of animals, village settlements and wheel-turned pottery dating from the middle of the 6th century BC which were discovered on the foothills of Singh and Baluchistan, both in Pakistan.


Archelogists, R.D. Bannerjee and Sir John Marshall rediscov-ered this historic site in the 1920's, giving the world a peek into ancient cultures and civilizations.

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The Decline of Harappan Culture - History – Mocomi.com