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HarnessingUrbanEcosystemsforEcologicallySmartCities
SmartCitiesConference24October2016
(JeffreyMilstein)
Urbanisation:theanswertoeconomicaspirations&development
• Ruralills– Oppression– Fewoptions– Poverty
• Urbansolutions– Freedom,brightlights– Economic&socialoptions– Wealth
Elaine
Challengesofurbanisation
• Congestion,Pollution,Naturaldisasters• LowQualityofLife,IllHealth• SocialDisintegration
povertyandhealth.blogspot.sg Elaineextrameganediplomaticourier.com
Stereotype:Rural-UrbanDichotomy
Citiesconsumebutdonotproducenaturalresources
Naturalcapital
Resourcedemand
Ruralarea Urbanarea(basedonFerrão&Fernández,2013)
Ruralarea
SuchasAir,Water,Sand…
Annualconsumptionofsand:15billiontons(mostusedcommodityafterairandwater)
Cementproduction
(UNEP)
©Jean-FrançoisRemy
Butecosystemsandcitiesaretightlyintegrated
(Garosugil,Seoul,airbnb.com)
(Joongang Daily)
(Cheonggyecheon ,Seoul,kidsfuninseoul.wordpress.com)
(Seagull,Seoul,pixabay)
Favouredpillarsofurbanisation
Builtenvironment
Society
Underground,DavidMacaulay Foursquarecheck-ins,Tokyo
Threepillarsofsustainable,liveablecities
Builtenvironment
Society
Naturalenvironment
(JeffreyMilstein)
Builtenvironmenthastendedtoprevailovernaturalenvironment
(newtonvillagesalliance.org)
Nested systems:ecosystemsencompass&controleverythingelse
(basedonPasset,1979)
BuiltenvironmentInfrastructure
NaturalenvironmentGlobal&localecosystems
Society
• Traditionaleconomics• Environmentaleconomics
NaturalEnvironment
Markets
SocietyEcosystemServices
NaturalResourcesDepletion&Pollution
Goods&Services
Ecosystemservices:muchmorethanrawmaterialsor“greening”
(MillenniumEcosystemAssessment,2005)
1Shade
Windbreak
Visualquality
Culturalsignificance
Cleanair
Waterretention
Noisereduction
Services
Benefits
Thermalcomfort
Retailvalue
Propertyvalue
Socialcohesion
Reducedcriminality
Acousticcomfort
Reducedstress
Mentalhealth
Lessdiseases
HigherProductivity
Walkability
Attractiveness
Infrastructuresavings
Lowertaxes
Placemaking
Trafficcalming
©SylvainRemy
Globaltrendsarebringingattentiontourbanecosystems
� Largeurbanareasincludelotsofnaturalspace
81%ofrurallandareainmajorU.S.
metropolitanareas(>1M)
(GreaterLo
ndon
Nationa
lPark)
� Urbannaturaldisaster
risks=>moreeco-
consciousplanning
(JasonGutierrez/IRIN)
� Trillion-dollar/yearInfrastructureGap
=>Domorewithless=>Leveragenaturalassets
(TheEconomist,2014)
StrategicUrbanNaturalCapital
Naturalcapital
• Notinventoried
• Undervalued
• “Natural”and“automatic”appreciationovertime
Economies
• Unidentified
• Unassessed
• Undervalued
• Verydiverse
R.O.I.
• Highpotential• 200%annualROIonurbantreesinPittsburgh
• Highleverage• Morepeople,morevalue
• Assets“multi-task”
Strategic
• Smallstepsyieldbenefits• Lowentrycost• Incrementalapproaches
• Low-tech• Employmenteffects
• Verylowtohighskills
• Decentralisable
• Strongperceptualeffects
• Qualityoflife• Attractiveness• Placemaking
©SylvainRemy,2016
SomeExamples
OrchardRoad,Singapore
EcologicallySmart?SunCityPalmDesertRiversideCounty,California
(dailyoverview.tumblr.com)
SustainableUrbanDrainageSystems• Technologies– Greenroofs– Biophilicarchitecture
– Urbantrees– Bio-retentionswales
– Riparianbuffers– Riparianzone– etc.
• Benefits– Reducedrainagecost
– Reducefloodingrisk
– Capturewater
A 1%increaseingreeninfrastructurewouldbringa6.4%reductionineconomiclossfromfloodinginKoreancities.
Singapore’sABCWaters
KallangRiverABCRestoration,2012
AtelierDreiseitl
SwimmableUrbanWaters
CanalSaint-Martin,ParisCanaldel’Ourcq
CopenhagenHarbourBaths
(canadianindenmark.wordpress.com)
HanRiveratGwangnaru,July1967(Gwangjin Bridgeinthebackground?)
HanRiveratTtuk Island,1964
HanRiveratTtuk Island,1966(Jamsil Bridgesinbackground?)
Seoulhasgreatswimmingpotential
Green+Smart:Paris’s200kstreettreesRFIDtagging+mapping+open-data
walkonomics.comoptimiseswalkingroutebeauty&comfortbasedonopen
andcrowd-sourcedcitydata
(dirt.asla.org)
ToMaximisingEcosystemValue-Environmentalsystemsareassets-Integrative,holisticapproach-Ecosystemdevelopment
FromMinimisingEnvironmentalCost-Ecosystemisexternal-Piecemealapproach-Environmentalimpactassessment
+$ +
Research:EDFandESSECareworkingtowardsurbanecosystemsvaluation
• DescribeandunderstandthebenefitsofurbanecosysteminitiativesinSingapore:– Modeltherelationsamongsubsystemsandwiththebuiltenvironment
– Integratethevalueofecosystemservicesintothesimulationoftheurbansystem
– Advisedevelopers,governmentsandthepubliconthevaluecreated
• Fromacostapproach– EnvironmentalImpactAssessment
• Toavaluecreationapproach– EcosystemServicesValuation
ThankYouSylvainRemy
5NepalPark,Singapore139408
3AvenueBernardHirsch,95000Cergy-Pontoise,France
(Schuiten)
