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The Warsaw Uprising of 1944 – a heroic and tragic 63-day struggle to liberate World War II Warsaw from Nazi/German occupation. Undertaken by the Polish resistance movement, at the time Allied troops were breaking through the Normandy defenses and the Red Army was standing at the line of the Vistula River.
Warsaw could have been one of the first European capitals liberated; however, various military and political miscalculations, as well as global politics – played among Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt – turned the dice against it.
These photos show a part of the fighting, also everyday life of Polish civilians during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
The Victoria Hotel in Warsaw was in insurgent hands within the first hour of the uprising and soon became their headquarters.
A machine gun crew on the balcony of a townhouse.
A Polish partisan throwing a grenade towards German positions.
A Polish partisan in shooting position.
A Polish partisan on the first day of the uprising.
A Polish sniper on a rooftop overlooking the Ewangelicki cemetery in Warsaw, 2nd August 1944.
A street kitchen on Czackiego Street.
A wounded civilian being helped by friends.
A wounded Polish partisan heading to Krasińskich Square to escape from the Old Town via the sewers.
A wounded Polish partisan receiving first aid.
A young girl collecting water.
A German POW having his head shaved in the PKO building.
An insurgent patrol in Czerniaków.
Boy scouts delivering insurgent newspapers in the Powiśle district.
A woman is preparing a dead civilian for burial.
Cameramen filming on Marszałkowska Street during heavy German bombing.
Captured Polish partisans being executed by the Germans at the junction of Chłodna and Żelazna streets.
Citizens fleeing to the city center.
Citizens of Warsaw evacuating the city during the daytime ceasefire on the first 2 days of October 1944.
Civilian casualties from a German bombing raid.
Corpses of Polish citizens on Jasna Street burned by German Nebelwerfer incendiary rockets.
German POW's.
German prisoners standing in front of the wall of the former Jewish ghetto on Bonifraterska Street.
Help for the wounded.
Local residents abandoning the Wola district of Warsaw and heading towards the city center.
Members of the Kiliński battalion taking a break.
A mother feeding her young daughter in a building on Sienna Street.
People crossing Wielka Street behind a barricade under fire from Germans.
Polish partisans entering a building through a hole in the wall.
Polish partisans exchanging fire with the Germans on Miodowa Street.
Polish partisans in position behind a barricade on Mazowiecka Street.
Polish partisans in shooting position behind a barricade.
Polish partisans of the Chrobry II group.
Polish partisans of the Koszta Company on patrol at the crossroads of Sienkiewicza Street and Marszałkowska Street.
Polish partisans preparing to leave Warsaw.
Polish partisans reading a German propaganda leaflet urging them to surrender.
Residents of the Wola district being herded by the Germans into a local church (św Wojciecha) prior to being evacuated from Warsaw.
Residents of the Wola district being marched down Wolska Street after being expelled from their homes.
Running for water across Krucza Street while under German fire.
People on Śniadeckich Street.
The forced expulsion of Warsaw's civilian population after the capitulation.
The Prudential building was Warsaw's tallest skyscraper and was hit by approximately 1000 artillery shells during the uprising (it remained standing until the end).
Victims of a massacre of civilians carried out by the Germans on Marszałkowska Street.
Weary civilians.
Women preparing food.
Young insurgents on Sienkiewicza Street in central Warsaw.
A Polish partisan surrendering his gun.
The corpses of tens of thousands of people who were killed during the uprising had to be exhumed, identified (where possible) and then reburied, 1945.
