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Photography Applications Shania Carter 1

Photography book pro forma

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Page 1: Photography book pro forma

1

Photography Applications

Shania Carter

Page 2: Photography book pro forma

Advertising and PromotionalThe advertising side to photography is to create a good enough image to help sell a product. This can include lots of post production with a range of lenses and lighting – mostly artificial. Advertising is found almost everywhere with controlled photography. These images for advertising are done with advertising agencies and use ‘pack shots’ (moving or a still image with the creating label), design firms or design teams. Advertising products such as gaming can include pack shots as there is moving parts of the advert and then show the image as a still. As advertising is ubiquitous the majority of advertising is found on television as the advertising agencies know their product will sell best to people at home watching. This certain advertisement is to advertise the new range of Audi cars. The photography here has been used by a long lens because it looks like the photograph has been taken from a distance to make the car look powerful. This advertising photograph has also been controlled as the car is ‘posed’ to create the right image i.e. powerful. The lighting in this photograph is artificial because the car has been reflected to make it look twice as powerful which also then helps to encourage the audience to buy the product.

The promotional side to photography is to highlight a particular band, subject, religion and not to sell a product. This type of photography is mainly used to promote a band on tour. It can also be used to promote charities such as Children In Need. Nothing is being sold on this type of photography, again the photographs are to encourage. This picture is of the band McFly who are promoting Children In Need, the fans of the band will see how much work the band are doing for the charity and therefore do something to raise money for Children In Need ‘because McFly have’. Promotional photography can also feature in Advertising photography – i.e. a pack shot – buy this product and win a voucher. Promotional photography highlights a particular object or a person this can be if the band are going on tour etc. Promotional photography usually has the wide lens settings as there is a scene behind the promotional subject. Furthermore this type of photography can be controlled depending on the nature that the photograph is been taken in. for example, a casual photograph or a formal photograph to promote a serious issue. The bottom photograph is also an example of Promotional Photography.

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Promotional

The charity you should donate too.

Young child, looking sad and ill.

Used natural lighting – real life.

Controlled photo, still taken from a video – picture captures her looking up sorrowful.

The rest of the video has been used with a wide lens, in this particular photo has neither a wide lens or a long lens.

This particular photograph is not in a studio/staged because it is to show real life, occasionally the charity videos can be documentary photography as it shows pack shots from a period of days.

This photo has had some post production as the light has been added to bring out the focus in the young girl.

The charity on this photograph is desired to be read and noticed first to highlight the promotion in hand.

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FashionFashion photography is very popular and is used to sell designer and casual clothes. The most famous fashion photographer is David Bailey- who in the 60’s took photographs of women modelling the clothes that every women should have in that time period. Most fashion shoots are controlled and manipulated within a studio or a constructed set. It is very rare that fashion photography is constructed out side –Littlewoods, have fashion photographs outside to set the mood within their clothes line. In Summer their photographs include bright and summery prints and backgrounds whereas in Winter the outside sets include manipulative lighting and a particular theme such as a ‘winter wonderland’. Fashion photography helps to sell merchandise, clothing, shoes, underwear and so on, in magazines, newspapers and on web pages. Most of the fashion photography can be seen online as most clothing brands have their own website. The fashion photographers use Photoshop to airbrush models and to also reduce colour saturation to create a mood effect or to correct any ‘imperfections’ to make the celebrity look ‘perfect’. Fashion photographers also set up online portfolios to sell their work as the majority of people shop online or have internet access. Fashion photography is one of the biggest industries as photographs for magazines such as Vogue or Cosmopolitan are taken every day. Fashion photography often holds a story behind the photograph, for example the women in the photographs want to be seen as strong and independent.In the Littlewoods photography in the second picture, the photographer has used a wide lens camera shot because the photograph is landscape and there is a lot of scenery around, the third picture is definitely controlled and has used a wide lens as part of the beach is in the background. The first and third image are posed – controlled so that the audience can look at the fashion rather than the model i.e. the coat in the first photograph grabs the attention, however the model in the photograph is ‘selling’ the fashion piece with a ‘calm shot’ as the photograph is in black and white giving the mood an enhanced effect.

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Fashion Photography

Thick, black lipstick – bold and makes you look.

Areas darkened to show more enhancement to the face.

Eye makeup covering the majority of the nose and around the eyes, draws attention.

This photograph is controlled but has not been manipulated e.g. airbrushed because the freckles would have been airbrushed out.

In this photograph the female’s eyebrows have been shaped so that they look sharp this detects the photo of having edge hence the black lipstick.

The photographer for this particular photograph has not used any specific lenses as the photograph is not around any scenery nor far away.

Used in mainly magazines, or on web pages. Photograph can be used for individual clients to build up a portfolio.

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PhotojournalismPhotojournalism emerged in the early 1920’s offering rapid and fluent photographs to show a news story. Photographs of Albert Einstein were popular and were used in newspapers as candid shots to tell a story.

Photojournalistic photographs are the ‘there and then’ photographs. These types of photographs are used in breaking news stories in newspapers – such as war, sport and celebrity. These types of photographs are candid as they are taken in the moment and only small adjustments are made as the photograph is there to reflect the truth on a news story. In sporting photographs a wide lens is used to capture the surroundings as well as a landscape view. The photographers in this instance, i.e. gathering photos for a news paper use the natural lighting however there can be little changes to enhance a mood or a glow on the photograph. These photographs are not staged at all as the photographs show real life events happening in real time. Longer lens photographs are used if the photojournalist is far away from the action or cannot get close to the action e.g. in a war circumstance.

Robert Capa was a famous Hungarian photojournalist that covered 5 different wars over Europe, his first was the Spanish Civil War and his last was the Liberation of Paris. His most famous photograph of his career was that of the Falling Soldier which was taken on the 5th September 1936.

Photojournalism is big in sport as there are football matches etc. happening around the world every week and photographs are printed in newspapers every day. Tabloid newspapers do Photoshop their images to make a joke out of a football player during the game whilst others disagree and say the images should reflect the real truth i.e. in the moment. Photographic manipulation is the biggest controversy in photojournalism and is clearly on going. This can be the difference of a good and bad photo journalistic experience. Also, any use of additional light in these circumstances would be the flash of the camera because the event or stadium could be dimly lit and therefore the photographer needs to get a clear photograph.

The photographs are taken to show a story with minimal text, there may be in depth analysis from the journalist. When people attend sporting events they don’t get to see the replays so these photographs are helpful as it tells the story all over again. Also in war, people get to see the front line action and the wounds.

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Photojournalism

This photograph is taken in the natural light as the game was played in the day time.

Wide lens photograph, has the home supporters in the background and also other surroundings.

Photograph was taken as the crowd and the players were cheering after the goal, no Photoshop as the photograph is in the moment.

Tells a little background story, players are happy to score and seven players have joined in the celebrations – big goal.

Capturing an exciting and poignant moment within the game.

High speed shutters to capture ever moment of the game.

Location based – Anfield. Never studio.

Clear enough picture- not motioned blur.

Photograph is taken in color – recent photograph needing no effects. Photograph featured on online newspapers and actual papers.

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PortraitureThis type of photography, includes mainly family photographs or social interaction. A portrait is most commonly used within young people when they take a photograph of their everyday life. A portrait photo is to capture facial features and their expressions, these type of photographs can often be candid or constructed, based on a idea.

This approach can be taken by a high street studio or socially with little post production i.e. cropping images. A portrait photograph can also be taken to show a romantic couple, trustworthy bosses etc to also show the importance of one. Queen Victoria had lots of portraits painted which included her famous pose of looking ‘miserable’. Now that technology has got better, people in family photographs who aren’t smiling can be photoshopped smiling –for example.

On the high street there are many professional places people can go to for family portraits whilst others prefer the new term ‘selfie’ in which they edit and take their own pictures. Venture use high class finishing to their photographs and use a wide lens to show the whole picture and to create the atmosphere, whereas independent photographers tend to use environment settings rather than a studio. Unfortunately, independent photographers are struggling with their businesses because, places to rent are becoming increasingly difficult to find, some independent photographers have started to use their home settings.

Creative approaches can also be taken in portraiture by manipulating images, including heavy post production. Some photographs can look a good quality even if they are candid, the photograph is taken when the people are unaware. These images rely on the ambient light and are observational images.

Portraits of models can be printed in black and white as it has a stronger approach than a colour photograph. These type of portraits allow the photographer to play around with the photoshop levels. These photographs never intend to be candid as the blackness creates a mood within the photograph.

Leonardo Da Vinci is the most famous portrait artist with his portrait of Mona Lisa. Other portraits have dated back to Roman Egyptian times and the Middle Ages. Portraits can be used to display the importance or significance of a person or situation. Portrait photography now is to capture wedding photographs, singular or family photographs. In portrait photographs of a family or a wedding the photographer wants the pictures controlled but sometimes does add some candid photographs. Also in these photographs there can be lots of different lighting effects which brings out the person’s personality of that in the photograph. Portraits are also photographed within schools as an individual or class/family photograph, these photographs are normally the ones that are around the family home.

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Portraiture

Wide lens photograph – taken from a distance, the beach is the surroundings.

Candid photograph as the family are strolling on the beach can be controlled as they are told to smile – natural thing.

Used on web pages to promote the photographer’s work. Used in magazines/newspapers to sell a holiday destination or furthermore promoting the photographer.

Relying on ambient lighting to get the right image. Could also be a pack shot as the family are looking like they are to take another step on the beach.

Observational portrait as the photographer is looking to get the best image out of the surroundings.

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ArchitectureArchitectural photography is that of taking photographs of big buildings and structures. The most commonly used lens is the tilt shift lens as it captures the buildings and structures and emphasises how big the buildings are. Architectural photographers are normally very skilled and have a wide knowledge of using equipment to enhance the tilt shift lens. These sorts of images can be very helpful to architects when looking at old buildings and sculptures to identify past times. Furthermore, these photographs can be given to engineers so they have a clear image of how to construct a new building. Adding to that, photographs of the likeness, such as the York Minster can be used in brochures and pamphlets for tourists visiting York. Most of the photographs are taken in ambient light but are edited to have a further effect, like a glow. An example of an architectural photographer is Steven Mayes, he is a modern photographer looking at indoor spaces as well as outdoor. He is based in Newcastle but takes photographs of landmarks across the world. There are unmistakably differences between an edited and un edited photograph for different styles, depending on whether the photograph is for an engineer or a hotelier. William Henry Fox Talbot was the first architectural photographer in 1895. Throughout the history and development of photography, architectural photography has been highly valued and equally mirroring the beauty of old buildings. During the 1950’s architectural photography took off as more photographers were commissioned and therefore took more of an art form. During the mid to late 20th century, saw architectural photography evolve as photographers began to become more creative using bold shadows and diagonal lines in their work. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_photography)Traditionally, a view camera a used to capture architectural photographs as the lens can adapt to a tilt shift, meaning the photograph can be controlled but have a variety of creative options.

Analysing the images, the second image is clearly manipulated in post production as the photograph is in black and white. This photograph has been manipulated to show the emptiness of a normally very busy place. The York minster photograph has been taken with the ambient light and is naturally showing the York minster ‘towering’ in all its glory. The photograph of the York minster would also have been taken with a long lens or a tilt shift lens to create the effect of the minster leaning. Looking at the Arc De Triomphe, I think that the photograph has had a little post production editing to add an extra ‘glow’ which enhances the sunlight on the structure. All three photographs have been taken in the natural light which gives the photographer chance to get the right photograph.

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Architectural Images

Possibly used ambient light.

Desired effect to be black and white?.

Used in non fiction books to promote ghost walks etc.

Old photo? Not very good quality.

Looks unprofessional.

Wide lens – a lot of background.

Candid photograph – not controlled and or manipulated.

Looks to be used in brochures for tourists.

Historical photograph

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IllustrationThis type of illustrative photography is that not an actual drawing but coincides with the text in a news story, for example. The writing it there to tell the story for a picture. This can range from children’s books to articles in tabloid newspapers. Encyclopaedia's also have illustrative drawings, they are not pencil drawings but an illustration to explain a piece of writing. An illustration is a visualisation by an artist taken in the from of photograph, drawing, sketching or painting but in this instance photography is the main one. Most illustration falls in to the category of children’s books. Illustrations are normally printed giving the idea of a photograph, such as newspapers and magazines would use photography so that the image brings out the text. As an example, children’s magazines such as ‘Match Of The Day’ have photographic illustrations of the footballers to make it easier for the children to recognise.

The first image is that of a newspaper clipping to help tell the story a little easier. The article is of people promoting the shop to help people finding jobs. This photograph of the people is helping to promote them as a business and personally. The photograph also tells the readers who the people are and how they feature within the article. The second image is from an encyclopedia of illustration where photography is heavily used as an explanation. In this instance the photographs are taken to illustrate the different aspects of the world – hence the sunset on the front cover. These photographs are taken in different ambient lights to illustrate the different settings within the encyclopedia. The third image shows an illustration of a clock and a man. The clock has been drawn however the man is the main focus within this photography strand, this photograph is posed to make the hand drawn image look realistic.

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Illustration

Bright and colorful

Symbolic to personality?

Preferably a man under the cloth.

Modeling a suit.

Weirdness within the photograph.

Could be used in a magazine of different genres to illustrate the suit or somebody’s personality.

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Medical Photography

In medical photography there are no post production as this type of photography coincides with real life including scans and x rays. Medical photography also uses a flash to help get a clearer picture, this can be inside the hospital or used for post mortems. This type of photography is clear and decisive as it helps nurses and doctors see how they could save someone’s life e.g. endoscopy. Photography depends on the environment – if there is a serious procedure this type of image may not be produced. Medical photography is the most interesting as it gives so many insights into the human body that we cannot see with the human eye.

This first photograph has been taken with a tilt shift lens however this photograph looks like it is to promote the hospital rather than a procedure or scan photograph. The photograph has obviously had some post production because the image has been changed to black and white. The black and white in the photograph can also tell the mood as the color white can be calm showing the hospital is a calm place.

The second photograph is clearly showing a surgeon taking the photograph during a procedure. This can help other doctors and surgeons in recovery. This photography within this image is normally requested by the person if they want to see the piece that has been removed e.g. a cyst.

The third and final image is another promoting image for the hospital, it is showing the surgeon looking at a doctor this could be showing the patients that the hospital is trustworthy and so are the surgeons etc – highly promoting.

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Medical

4D Scan

Shows the development

Used in books in for new mothers.

Helps the sonographer to see if there are any disabilities with the child.

Real life image

Magazines and other publications looking at life.

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Fine ArtFine Art stands in contrast to photojournalism as fine art is captured over a period of time. The subject of wildlife is popular within fine art photography, capturing the animals such as bees and other insects. The fine art photography contains the movements of the photographer meaning it to be atheistic. Fine art photography can also include people undressed. There can be large or no post production on these images to create the mood of the photograph. Two fine art photographers – Gloria McDarran and Terry Hope focus on animals.

Fine Art is for viewing pleasure only and use a wide lens to capture the backgrounds. The majority of fine art photography is in black and white as a) it helps set an atmosphere and b) fine art in the 20 th century was popular with black and white fine art photography.

The first photograph has a mysterious landscape and the man is reading a book. The photographer of this image has used a wide lens because the surroundings are witnessed and also the man in close up to the camera. The photograph has had some post production because one part of the sky is the main focus which is above his

head – empowering the light.The second and third picture are both nature based but taken with different lenses the second picture is taken from a long lens because the photograph has been taken for far away however it still has most of the surroundings in the background. These two photographs are both an example of how pictures of animals and other wildlife are popular within fine art photography. These images are also complacent to viewing pleasure as the photographer intended.

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Fine Art photography

Popular – wildlife photography.

Post production, little bit.

Used for prints or in books.

Not for other commercial sale.

Pleasurable viewing.

Portrait photograph.

Expression of photographer’s emotions – powerful.

40ml wide lens.

Elephant also captures a mood – posed.

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Documentary PhotographyDocumentary photography focuses on long term projects looking at the study of people or animals. This type of photography band going on tour as it spreads over a number of weeks. Photographers for this type of photography use multiple images to tell the story, as featured in charity campaigns as a promoter. This type of photography is also better suited to being in a magazine as the reader can spend more time viewing the story than in a newspaper, these magazines can include the such as Readers Digest or Kerrang magazine. As this type of photography features over a multiple of photographs the photographer is able to get more meaningful photographs than sticking to a tight newspaper- tabloid. However both photojournalism and documentary photography can overlap in the sense that the photographs tend to be candid as both subjects are carrying out their everyday tasks, they are still very different as documentary photography has a different time span. On the first image the photograph is still quite controlled as the woman in meaningfully looking into the camera. From this photograph it could be taken from a charity video because these type of videos normally end with somebody looking into the camera. Again this photograph is a promoter as it looks at women and the woman looks seriously at the camera. The second photograph is also looking documentarily at someone’s life and poverty. The documentary could be looking at Asia and their poverty and looking at different aspects. The child has been chosen as the promoter of this documentary photograph because the viewer/reader will feel empathy towards the child and donate or adopt the child because of the promoter. The third photograph is that from an animal perspective but taken with a long lens (zoomed in) animal documentaries are widely popular because not everybody can see the picture story of a animal in the wild. The conflict with zebras at that time was the main focus in the documentary it can also show the life of other wide animals taken over a series of weeks or months to see how it develops and grows. The development of photography changed in the 1880’s and 1890’s as it was known as the next era for documentary photography and looking into the lives of the 20 th century over a period of time. Dorothea Lange was a famous documentary photographer capturing the images of the Migrant Mother and her life with her children. She produced six images of the Migrant Mother and shrunk the photographs each time so the family looked like a middle class size (http://www.bbc.co.uk/photography/genius/gallery/lange.shtml)

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Documentary Photography

Photograph could be used in books.

Mother and children.

Taken from a series of pictures (previous slide).

Woman looks distressed – highlighting the situation.

Wide lens photograph, children and a wall in the surroundings.

Poverty – war times (1935)

Titled migrant mother – moved around to protect her children.