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By Randy, Kelvin, David, Andrew, Annie
Music History
What is Music ? an artistic form of auditory communication
incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner.
the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments.
One True Definition of Music !
“music is universal and yet it is also relative and subjective.”
Music is the singing of the birds ….
the whistling of a boy as he’s walking ….
the beautiful sounds a pianist produces as he touches the keys of a piano.
Origin of Music (History) Six periods of music Each period has a particular style of music
that greatly contributed to what music is today
1• Medieval, Middle Ages (500-1400)
2• Renaissance (1400-1600)
3• Baroque (1600-1760)
4• Classical (1730-1820)
5• Romantic (1815-1910)
6• 20th Century (1900-2000)
Origin of Music (History)
Structure
Music Timeline Introduction Music Forms and Styles Musical Instruments
Medieval Ages Music Timeline (500-1400)
Pic Credit - Replica of the helmet found at Sutton Hoo, in the burial of an Anglo-Saxon leader, probably a king, about 620 in the Early Middle Ages[1]
Medieval Music Timeline musical notation began as well as the birth of
polyphony
Early music notation
Monophonic and Polyphonic Remarkable continuity : categorized into
monophonic and polyphonic styles monophonic means one note at a time while
polyphonic two or more different notes at the same time.
Plainchant (Plain Song) a form of medieval church music that
involves chanting Emerged around 100 A.D Only type of music allowed in Christian
churches early on it was believed that music should make a
listener receptive to spiritual thoughts and reflections
The Introit, scripted in “neumes” in the 14th—15th century
Gregorian Chant
The Beginning of Polyphony a characteristic of Western music based on
plainchant improvising with parallel melodies, with emphasis
on fourth (ex. C to F) and fifth (ex. C to G) intervals
the start of polyphony wherein several musical lines were combined
As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony became more elaborate and complex
The Lute
is shaped like a pear a short neck, a sound hole carved with a rose pattern
strings that varied in numbers early lute is the peg box which was angled back
RenaissanceMusic Timeline (1400-1600)
Renaissance or "rebirth," a period of significant changes in history, including music
Humanism in Music A new philosophy called “humanism” developed
in Italy It emphasized that life should be viewed as a
preparation for death
Dutch composers and musicians were arranged to teach and perform in Italian courts
the invention of printing helped spread these new ideas
Instrumental Music
By the second half of the 1500s instrumental
music began to take shape
The lute was widely used at that time
eventually mixed instruments were used
Mix instruments are played
Renaissance Musical Instruments
The Shawm The Dulcian The Trumpet
The shawm
has a conical bore, only wider
It has 7 to 8 finger holes
at the end of the bore is a large bell
was mostly used in outdoor ceremonial events
Dulcian The dulcian is a predecessor of the shawm A precursor of the bassoon Dulcians are easier to transport than the shawm
due to its smaller size Dulcians produce sound that is less piercing than
the shawm
Trumpet
The most commonly used is the B flat trumpet There is also the C, D, E flat and piccolo trumpet
Baroque Music Timeline (1600-1760)
"baroque" comes from the Italian word "barocco" which means bizarre (very strange)
Baroque
a time when composers experimented with form,
styles and instruments.
the development of opera and instrumental
music
The violin was also considered an important
musical instrument during this time
Venice and the Opera In 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to
discuss various subjects This group of individuals are known as the “Florentine Camerata”,
The composer Claduio Monteverdi was an important
contributor, specifically his opera ”Orfeo”; the first opera to
gain public welcome
In Europe, the earliest four stringed violin was used in the first part of the century
fairly easy to start learning mostly suitable for children 6 years and older
Violin
Viola The first violas are believed to have
been made in the 15th century During the 18th century, it was used to
play the part of the cello. an important member of a string
ensemble.
It is tuned a fifth lower than the violin It’s functions as the tenor instrument in a string ensemble. the viola has become an integral part of every string
ensemble
Double Bass
The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments
but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz
bands.
In 1516 there was an illustration closely resembling that of a double bass.
It is like a huge cello and is played the same way By rubbing the bow across the strings Striking the strings
The Harp
It is surprisingly easy to start
Not a lot of people play the harp
Even finding a teacher may be
difficult.
One of the most beautiful sounding instruments
How to Play: The musician blows air into a thin, tapered
double reed and cover or uncover the holes.
Oboe
Classical Music Timeline (1730-1820)
is characterized by simpler melodies such as the sonatas.
The primary instrument is Piano
Style Galant
a simple yet more direct style of music.
Middle class also appreciate
less complicated and easy to understand
Sentimental Style This style was adapted by composers
reflected feelings and situations experienced
in daily life
New music styles of Classical period
It had simpler harmony and clearer tonality
Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori created around
1709 in Florence.
Changes in his early invention became
the basic of the modern piano.
very popular in the mid-18th century
Romantic Music Timeline (1815-1910)
is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an idea
the use of various instruments including wind instruments
Beethoven and Romanticism
One of his most popular works is the Ninth Symphony He influenced a new crop of young composers guided by the
ideals of Romanticism.
Wrote choral, chamber music and opera.
studied under Haydn, was also influenced by the works
of Mozart began to lose his hearing at age 28,
losing it completely by age 50.
What is Romanticism? a concept that included different art
mediums; from music to painting to literature.
During the 19th century, Vienna and Paris were the centers of musical activity
Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, by Caspar David Friedrich is an example of Romantic painting.
believed in allowing their imagination and passion
different from the Classical belief of logical order and clarity
What is Romanticism?
The Flute
The Saxophone
The Tuba
20th Century
Music Timeline (1900-2000)
brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated
used technology to enhance compositions
20th Century Music is defined by the sudden emergence of
advanced technology no longer limited to concerts, opera-houses,
clubs, and domestic music-making
Rock and roll
often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll
evolved in the United States during the late
1940s and early 1950s
combination of African American blues,
country, jazz and gospel music.
Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument generally replaced by guitar in the middle to late 1950s now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".
Hip Hop Music
also called rap music
consisting of a stylized rhythmic music
commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic
and rhyming speech that is chanted
four key stylistic elements:
rapping, scratching, breaking and graffiti writing
Music has changed the world ? When some people get sad, they often
start listening to music, which then calms
them down
If it wasn't for music, then this world
would've been insane
References
Music Education : http://musiced.about.com/
Medieval : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_music
Renaissance : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_music
Baroque : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music
Classical : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_period_(music)
Romantic : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_music
20th Century : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_classical_music
Any Question ?
Thank you