4MEMBRANAS

• 1. COMPARTAMENTALIZACIÓN• 2. BARRERAS SELECTIVAMENTE

PERMEABLES• 3. TRANSPORTE DE SOLUTOS• 4. RESEPUESTA A SEÑALES EXTERNAS• 5. INTERACCIÓN INTERCELULAR• 6. SITIOS PARA ACTIVIDADES

BIOQUÍMICAS

Soaps & Detergents-

Soaps and detergents, like lipids, are amphipathetic molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The long hydrocarbon chains of soaps and detergents are lipophilic, that is, these chains are able to solubilize hydrocarbons (remember, like dissolves like), while the polar portion of the molecule provides solubility in water.

Soaps are generally made from fats by a process called saponification (sapon is Latin for soap). Detergents are generally synthetic compounds produced from petroleum and their ionic ends are salts of sulfonic acid, rather than carboxylic acids (soaps). Soaps are more basic than detergents and thus generally harsher.

Soaps and detergents work on oily materials by dissolving their hydrocarbon tails in the oils in a manner such that the polar groups are facing outward into the surrounding water forming micelles around the oil.

Ionophores

DIRECT

DIRECT WITH GROUP TRANSLOCATION

INDIRECT

INDIRECT

MODES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT.