THETHECLARINET CLARINET

Meghan Fish Meghan Fish

Semester Project Semester Project

11/21/1111/21/11

The clarinet, a brief historyThe clarinet, a brief history

The Chalumeau (spoken: Shaloomoh) was spread widely all over Europe. The name The Chalumeau (spoken: Shaloomoh) was spread widely all over Europe. The name comes from Greek/Latin, where "Calumus" means pipe. The Chalumeau was comes from Greek/Latin, where "Calumus" means pipe. The Chalumeau was considered a shepherd's instrument that had to be played solo. After having considered a shepherd's instrument that had to be played solo. After having experimented with chalumeaus for a long time, the instrument maker C. H. Denner of experimented with chalumeaus for a long time, the instrument maker C. H. Denner of Nuremberg, Germany, finally managed to build an instrument, that would not only Nuremberg, Germany, finally managed to build an instrument, that would not only play the lower register but also the upper one, without sacrificing too much intonation.play the lower register but also the upper one, without sacrificing too much intonation.

The first clarinets were still very simple and looked much like a larger recorder. They had The first clarinets were still very simple and looked much like a larger recorder. They had two keys, later three. The new instrument already had a wider tonal range than oboes two keys, later three. The new instrument already had a wider tonal range than oboes or trumpets of that time. It could be played loudly and execute technically difficult runs or trumpets of that time. It could be played loudly and execute technically difficult runs and jumps, which would be difficult on a trumpet. It first replaced the high trumpets, and jumps, which would be difficult on a trumpet. It first replaced the high trumpets, the so-called "clarini“ and was soon picked up by orchestras and music along with the so-called "clarini“ and was soon picked up by orchestras and music along with being written specifically for it. being written specifically for it.

Iwan Müller was a German clarinet player and instrument maker, who revolutionized key Iwan Müller was a German clarinet player and instrument maker, who revolutionized key mechanics. While old keys had a simple pivot-mechanic and felt pads that were mechanics. While old keys had a simple pivot-mechanic and felt pads that were hardly ever were reliable, he developed the spoon-key with leather pad and sunk-in hardly ever were reliable, he developed the spoon-key with leather pad and sunk-in holes with a conical ring, as you find them on instruments today. Müller also changed holes with a conical ring, as you find them on instruments today. Müller also changed the reed roughly into the form we use today, and developed the ligature. the reed roughly into the form we use today, and developed the ligature.

The German flute maker Theobald Boehm brought about two improvements to the The German flute maker Theobald Boehm brought about two improvements to the instrument making world. He created a mathematical basis for the perfect calculation instrument making world. He created a mathematical basis for the perfect calculation of the position of tone holes and he invented the ring key. The ring key makes it of the position of tone holes and he invented the ring key. The ring key makes it possible to cover a hole larger than the finger that lies on the ring key. On this basis possible to cover a hole larger than the finger that lies on the ring key. On this basis the Frenchman Hyacinthe Klosé developed the "Boehm" clarinet model.the Frenchman Hyacinthe Klosé developed the "Boehm" clarinet model.

In German speaking countries they use a different type of clarinet, the German system, or In German speaking countries they use a different type of clarinet, the German system, or a special version of it, called Oehler system, which derives directly from the Müller a special version of it, called Oehler system, which derives directly from the Müller clarinet.clarinet.

Both instrument types look rather similar, the most obvious difference are the keys for the Both instrument types look rather similar, the most obvious difference are the keys for the little finger: Where the Boehm System has four levers, the German system has two little finger: Where the Boehm System has four levers, the German system has two rather flat, half-round key ends that both have a small wooden roll for sliding. rather flat, half-round key ends that both have a small wooden roll for sliding.

Woodcut print: oldest description of clarinets, 1740

                                                                        

Types of clarinet in use todayTypes of clarinet in use today In the beginning there were clarinets for nearly In the beginning there were clarinets for nearly

all scales, today only B flat, A, and E flat all scales, today only B flat, A, and E flat commonly remain in use in Western culture. commonly remain in use in Western culture.

E flat clarinet (the smallest and highest)E flat clarinet (the smallest and highest) A and B flat (or soprano clarinet) the A and B flat (or soprano clarinet) the "normal" clarinet"normal" clarinetAlto clarinet in E flat Alto clarinet in E flat Bass clarinet (the low clarinet) in BBass clarinet (the low clarinet) in BContra alto and contra bass clarinet (very Contra alto and contra bass clarinet (very low and rare)low and rare)

                                    

E flat, B flat, Alto, Bass, Contra Bass

Uses Uses

Clarinets are used in many different types of groups some of which include, orchestras, Clarinets are used in many different types of groups some of which include, orchestras, symphonies, school and amateur groups, soloists, and big bands.symphonies, school and amateur groups, soloists, and big bands.

In different ensembles you will find different types of clarinets such as one or two B flat In different ensembles you will find different types of clarinets such as one or two B flat clarinets in a chamber orchestra, or a wind quintet. A small harmony band or school clarinets in a chamber orchestra, or a wind quintet. A small harmony band or school band will have around 12 clarinet players while big wind bands or harmony orchestras band will have around 12 clarinet players while big wind bands or harmony orchestras need up to 30 clarinets of all different types. need up to 30 clarinets of all different types.

In an orchestra, the clarinets usually are seated starting with the highest Eb, then 2 - 3 A In an orchestra, the clarinets usually are seated starting with the highest Eb, then 2 - 3 A and/or Bb (1st, 2nd, 3rd Clarinet), if needed there will be Alto and Bass Clarinet. The and/or Bb (1st, 2nd, 3rd Clarinet), if needed there will be Alto and Bass Clarinet. The Bass Clarinet is often also played by the 3rd clarinet player. Bass Clarinet is often also played by the 3rd clarinet player.

Martin Fröst, Mozart Clarinet Martin Fröst, Mozart Clarinet Concerto part 1 Concerto part 1

http://www.youtube.com/v/DVXFONkLPok&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/v/DVXFONkLPok&feature=related

Some famous clarinet musiciansSome famous clarinet musicians

Anton Stadler (1753 - 1812) His playing inspired Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to Anton Stadler (1753 - 1812) His playing inspired Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to write some of his popular compositions. write some of his popular compositions.

Richard Stoltzman is the most popular classical clarinet player in the United Richard Stoltzman is the most popular classical clarinet player in the United States of America today. Microsoft's Windows 7 put his version of States of America today. Microsoft's Windows 7 put his version of Debussy's "Maid with the flaxen hair" as a sample track in the media player. Debussy's "Maid with the flaxen hair" as a sample track in the media player.

Sabine Meyer she first became known to the public when Karajan called her to Sabine Meyer she first became known to the public when Karajan called her to the Berlin Philharmonics to be the first woman in the Orchestra. Today she the Berlin Philharmonics to be the first woman in the Orchestra. Today she is one of Germany's most popular clarinet players. is one of Germany's most popular clarinet players.

Hüsnü Senlendirici is one of the most popular Turkish clarinet players. Turkish Hüsnü Senlendirici is one of the most popular Turkish clarinet players. Turkish traditional clarinet players (as well as Greece, Oriental and Balcan players) traditional clarinet players (as well as Greece, Oriental and Balcan players) use a G clarinet, which is a bit longer and sounds deeper and softer than use a G clarinet, which is a bit longer and sounds deeper and softer than the somewhat sharp Bb clarinet. the somewhat sharp Bb clarinet.

Richard Stoltzman Richard Stoltzman Maid with the flaxen hairMaid with the flaxen hair

http://www.youtube.com/v/YEITVTcGbzchttp://www.youtube.com/v/YEITVTcGbzc

Katie MurphyKatie Murphy

My sister Katie played clarinet in band My sister Katie played clarinet in band during high school and will play some during high school and will play some scales and Mary had a little lamb in the scales and Mary had a little lamb in the next slide.next slide.

Scales and Mary had a little lambScales and Mary had a little lamb

http://www.youtube.com/v/BY1WfFECz5ghttp://www.youtube.com/v/BY1WfFECz5g

ClosingClosingClarinets are not extremely expensive. You can get good new instruments as well as Clarinets are not extremely expensive. You can get good new instruments as well as

better, but used ones, starting around just over $500.00. The clarinet is not large or better, but used ones, starting around just over $500.00. The clarinet is not large or difficult to carry. Depending on your level of dedication, you can learn enough in two difficult to carry. Depending on your level of dedication, you can learn enough in two years to be able to play in a beginners orchestra or band. years to be able to play in a beginners orchestra or band.

If you are interested in learning to play clarinet, you can either self teach with CD’s or If you are interested in learning to play clarinet, you can either self teach with CD’s or sheet music and you tube or, you can contact a local teacher such as the one listed sheet music and you tube or, you can contact a local teacher such as the one listed below. below.

Holly Kortze began playing clarinet at the age of ten, has most notably performed with the Holly Kortze began playing clarinet at the age of ten, has most notably performed with the Greensboro Symphony, Brevard Music Center Faculty Orchestra, Boise Greensboro Symphony, Brevard Music Center Faculty Orchestra, Boise Philharmonic, Opera Idaho and is a founding member of Chamber Arts Northwest. Philharmonic, Opera Idaho and is a founding member of Chamber Arts Northwest.

She can be heard on Boise State Public Radio with Opera Idaho, Chicago Public Radio She can be heard on Boise State Public Radio with Opera Idaho, Chicago Public Radio and the Big Ten network with the Northwestern University Symphony Orchestra as and the Big Ten network with the Northwestern University Symphony Orchestra as well as WDAV with the Brevard Music Center Faculty Orchestra. She currently well as WDAV with the Brevard Music Center Faculty Orchestra. She currently resides in Boise, Idaho and has a studio of clarinetists from ages 10 and up. resides in Boise, Idaho and has a studio of clarinetists from ages 10 and up.

Contact her at Contact her at http://clarinetidaho.com/index.htmlhttp://clarinetidaho.com/index.html or call 1-312-618-7393 or call 1-312-618-7393

ResourcesResourcesClarinet Information Site: the Instrument, Parts & Technique, History, Sound, Clarinet Information Site: the Instrument, Parts & Technique, History, Sound, Musicians, Maintenance & Fixing, Supplies, How to Buy, Literature, LinksMusicians, Maintenance & Fixing, Supplies, How to Buy, Literature, Links . Web. 22 . Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://www.the-clarinets.net/index.html>. Nov. 2011. <http://www.the-clarinets.net/index.html>.

Holly KortzeHolly Kortze. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://clarinetidaho.com/index.html>. . Web. 22 Nov. 2011. <http://clarinetidaho.com/index.html>.

My little sister, Katherine Murphy My little sister, Katherine Murphy

You Tube:You Tube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVXFONkLPok&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVXFONkLPok&feature=related Martin Fröst, Mozart Clarinet Concerto part 1 Martin Fröst, Mozart Clarinet Concerto part 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEITVTcGbzchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YEITVTcGbzcRichard Stoltzman - Maid with the Flaxen Hair Richard Stoltzman - Maid with the Flaxen Hair