INTRODUCTIONTHE BETTER WAY TO SMART STADIUMS:

STRUCTURAL AND ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPLES

Contents and functions

Symmetry and differences

Three-dimensional perspective

Syntax of the stadium

Structural Expressionism

Creative use of space

Integrating stadium, city, and landscape

EDEN GARDENS CRICKET STADIUM

Year Established: 1864 Location: Kolkata, West Bengal, India Capacity: 67,549 seats (increasing to

>100K) Field Size: 168 m x 141 m Used for : Cricket Twenty 20’s, ODIs &

Test Matches

Owner: Cricket Association of Bengal (Previously Calcutta Cricket Club)

Architect: Earlier British Construction Company. Presently VMS Consultant.

Contractor: Cricket Association of Bengal

Structural Engineers: Stantec , HCP Design & Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd.

A Brief Layout

EDEN GARDENS CRICKET STADIUM A Unique Structure

Iconic Cricket Stadium due to its location in Kolkata. Biggest in India and officially compared to Melbourne Cricket

Ground. Two storey balcony structure.

Structural Challenges To construct sheds and light barriers. Elite competitive facilities – Washrooms,

Sightlines, way findings and circulations.

Solutions A new eye-catching facade and roof

re-establishment. Green construction and structure. A

complete new interior re development.

MELBOURNE CRICKET GROUND

Other Name: The G Location: Yarra Park, Melbourne,

Australia Capacity: 100,024 seats Field Size: 171 m x 146 m Used for : Cricket Test, Twenty 20’s &

ODIs

Construction Time: Developed periodically. (1838 – 1956)

Cost: 150 million USD $ (2008 – 2012) Architecture: Cox Architecture (2012) Contractor: Mr. Warren Bonello Structural Engineers: Construction

Engineering Australia Pvt. Ltd. (2012)

A Brief Layout

MELBOURNE CRICKET GROUNDA Unique Structure

Transparent walls engage approaching patrons as they arrive Gates 1, 2 & 3. (Three Atrium Entrances)

Underground car parking. Sightlines from all seats are uninterrupted.

Structural Challenges To construct and increase the space. To re innovate the interiors. Increase the brightness in the seating

areas.

Solutions Implementing underground space. Green construction and structure. Capping the new stand is a hybrid

roof, part metal and part glass.

LORD’S CRICKET STADIUM

Name: Named after Thomas Lord Location: Saint John’s Wood Road,

London, NW8 8QN, United Kingdom Capacity: 28000 seats First Opened: June 22nd 1814 Used for : International Cricket

Construction Time: 33 months Cost: £ 200 million Architect: Jan Kalicky Architectural Style: Victorian and

Hightech Architecture Construction for Redevelopment: Bam

Construction gets the contract to widen the space field in 2015.

A Brief Layout

LORD’S CRICKET STADIUM A Unique Structure

Media centre: 1st aluminum, semi-monocoque building in the world.

Field: Significant slope across the field. Grace gate.

Solutions

Structural Challenges

Water logged in the outfield during rainy season.

Replacement and upgrade of iconic Mount Stand Canopy.

Sanitary system designed properly.Use of working Platform Nets.

LORD’S CRICKET STADIUM Events Cricket Matches

1st Test 21st July 1884 England Vs Australia

1st ODI 26th August 1972 England Vs Australia

Other Events Archery – 2012 Summer

Olympics Baseball Game –

During THE GREAT WARS

BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM

Other Name: Bird’s Nest Location: Beijing, China Capacity: 80000 (incresed to 91K in

2008) Size: 330m x 220m x 69.2m (LxBxH) Used for : Olympic Games

Construction Time: 52 months Cost: 428 million USD $ Architect: Herzog & De Meuron,

ArupSport, China Architectural & Research Group, Ai Weiwei

Contractor: CITIV Internationals Contracting INC.

Structural Engineers: Arup Group Limited (ARUP)

Workers: 9000

A Brief Layout

BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM A Unique Structure

It looks like a bird’s nest because the steel looks like twigs that are twisted together.

The design of steel beams was taken from Chinese Ceramics study.

Red Concrete seating Bowl & Outer Steel Frame around it.

Structural Challenges To hide supports for the retractable roof. To construct a shopping Mall and a

hotel. To use stadium light to disperse within.Solutions Implemented steel beams. Green construction and structure. Spiral and convex outlook of the

structure. Using reflective glasses.

CAPE TOWN STADIUM

Previous Name: Green Point Stadium Location: Fritz Sonnenberg road, Green

Point, Cape town Capacity: 55000 (After removal of 13000

temporary seats) Field Size: 290mX 265mX 48m Used for : 2010 FIFA Football World Cup

Construction Time: 33 months Cost: 4 billion ₹ Architect: GMP Architects, Louis Carol &

Associates, Point Architects. Contractors: Murray & Roberts, WBHO Structural Engineers: BKS, Henry Fagan

& Partners, KFD Wilkinson, Goba, Iliso, Arcus Gibb

Work force: Construction Staff-300, Labour- 2300, Cranes-21, Project Agent-10

A Brief Layout

CAPE TOWN STADIUM A Unique Structure

The stadium looks like a bicycle wheel from above. The roof is suspended and lightweight one. The entire roof is made by a curved laminated glass. The stadium changes it’s colour in different times.

Structural Challenges To maintain the height of the stadium. To enhance the environment rather

destroying it. To use natural light as much as possible To resist upturns by wind.

Solutions Elevated ground Green construction and structure Truss girder system with heavy glass

roofing resist wind upturn.

CAPE TOWN STADIUM

Events 2010 FIFA World Cup:

Five first round matches

One second round match

One quarter final match

One semi final matchMusical Tours and Concerts:

COLDPLAY- October 2011 LINKIN PARK- Living things

world tour on December 2012 RIHANNA- October 2013 Eminem- February 2014

MARACANA STADIUM

Full Name: Estadio Tornalista Mario Filho Location: Rio de Janeiro ,Brazil Capacity: 78,838 seats Field Size: 105 m x 68 m Used for : Football, Twenty 20’s & ODIs

Construction Time: Developed periodically. (1948– 2013)

Cost: 150 million USD $ (2008 – 2012) Architecture: Waidir Ramos

Raphael GalvaoMiguel Feleman

Structural Engineers: Sika Brazil,

A Brief Layout

MARACANA STADIUMA Unique Structure

The renovation converted Maracana stadium into a new roof to cover the entire public area added on the top of five storey –structure.

To improve access & security four additional entry / exit added to the existing two.

Structural Challenges To construct and increase the space. To re innovate the interiors. Increase the brightness in the seating

areas.

Solutions Implementing underground space. Green construction and structure. Capping the new stand is a hybrid

roof, part metal and part glass.

CONCLUSION

Stadiums are an asset of any country, they should be well taken care of.

Construction must be of possible minimum cost and even after the construction it should support the socio-economic scenario.

There is a great chance of employment during and after construction work.

Large scale industries emerges on the place like Hotels, Tourist spots, Business centres etc.