SMART GRID-The New & Improved Power Grid

Presented by Guided byUSN: 2SA12EE005 Prof. Abdul MunafJenifer . P. Samuel

Contents of DiscussionIntroductionDifferent types of systems in Smart GridSmart Infrastructure system

1. Smart Energy subsystem

2. Smart Information subsystem Smart Metering Smart Monitoring and Measurement

3. Smart Communication subsystem

• Benefits of Smart Grid • Conclusion and Future scope

Introduction

What is a smart Grid ?Why we need a smart grid ?Comparison with Existing grid

What is a smart Grid?

Next generation power grid

Two ways flow of electricity and information

Delivering of electricity is modern type

Uses Distributed generation

Facilitates Renewable energy development

Why we need a smart grid?

Ever Increasing demand for electricityPower outage & quality concernsDepleting Fossil fuelsEnvironmental concernsEnergy storage problemNo Consumer participation in energy conservation

To overcome all the above listed difficulties we need Smart grid.

Traditional and Smart Grid

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Traditional and Smart GridTraditional Grid Smart Grid

Electromechanical Digital/Microprocessor

One way communication Global/Integrated two way communication

Centralized generation Distributed generation

Limited monitoring, protection and control systems

Adaptive protection

Manual monitoring Self monitoring

Manual restoration Automated

Check equipment manually Monitor equipment remotely

Few customer choice Many customer choice

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Different types of systems in SG

Smart Infrastructure system•Smart Energy Subsystem•Smart Information Subsystem•Smart Communication Subsystem

Smart Management system

Smart Protection system

Smart Infrastructure systemSmart Energy subsystem

1. Power Generation:

Distributed generation(DG)- Solar panels, 3KW

Small scale wind turbines to

Fuel Cells etc.. 10MW Group of DGs form “Virtual Power Plant”

+ves: Reduced dependency on main grid Increased reliability and power quality Environment friendly

-ves: Inconsistent yield High Cost/unit since installation is costly.

“Research work is in full swing to reduce cost”

Smart Energy Subsystem

Smart Energy Subsystem

2. Transmission Grid

Smart transmission networks incorporate advance sensing , communication technologies, digitalization, automatic responses to monitor operating conditions of transmission lines.

Smart transmission grid is an integrated system that consists of three interactive components: smart control system, smart power transmission networks, smart substation.

Smart Energy Subsystem

3. Distribution Grid:

Small-scale power generation technologies that produce electricity at a site close to customers or that are tied to an electric distribution system. Thus connected at distribution voltage levels.

Connected close to loads being served.

Typically 1 kW – 50 MW capacity or less.

Can also be called on-site generation, dispersed generation or decentralized generation.

Smart Energy Subsystem

3. Distribution Grid:

Smart Energy Subsystem

4. New Grid Paradigms:

G2V & V2G technology :

Hybrid cars can generate electricity with the fuel when parked Excess Charge of Electrical vehicle serves as Electric storage Solar Hybrid Vehicles----Generate & store when Parked

Micro-grid : Localized group of Generation , Energy storage & loads Can be connected to Macro-grid or can be islanded

Smart Energy Subsystem

The single point of common coupling with the macro grid can be disconnected and the microgrid functions automatically. This operation is called as islanded microgrid.

Islanding

Smart Information Subsystem1. Smart Metering:

A smart meter is a digital meter that record energy usage in-real time.

Different types of network collect the data from meter and transmits to the utility and distribution substation.

Smart Information Subsystem

Smart Information Subsystem

2. Smart Monitoring & measurements

Smart Sensors: Detects mechanical failures like conductor breakage, hotspots, insulator

damage

Real time mechanical & electrical stress measurement& identification of permanent faults & suggest control measures to operators

WSNs (Wireless sensor network)

Smart Communication SubsystemCommunication is needed for data transmission between

smart meters and electric utilities.

The two main communication medias are Wired Wireless

Smart Communication Subsystem

Benefits Of Smart GridImproving power reliability and quality.Automatic maintenance and operation.Reducing green house gas emissions by

enabling electric vehicles and new power sources.

The manufacture, installation operation and maintenance of the smart grid and its components will create new jobs.

Increases consumer choice.

Future Grid Expansion at customer site

Future scope

Smart Grid is implemented in various countries. But Germany being the first to use.

Current Smart Grid activities in India are:

First smart grid pilot project is started in Mysore, Karnataka.

SMART GRID Project BESCOM (Bangalore) integration of renewable and decentralized energy sources in power grid.

Four pilot sites (North Delhi, Bangalore, Gujarat, Maharashtra).

Conclusion

A Smart Grid impact on a power system and generation is likely to drive towards more renewable generation.

Usage of DG, reduces Green house gases.

The pressure on the existing conventional resources will also decrease.

The Smart Grid accommodates generation and storage options; it also provides reliable power that is relatively interruption-free. �

Thus Smart Grid is the future grid with intelligence embedded in

it, with self-healing capabilities.

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