By,

Tasmiya Banu R

Inventions in ROBOTICS

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A branch of technology that deals with automated machines with the design, construction, operation and computer system for their control, sensory, feedback and information processing.

Introduction

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Perceive – Sensors (Touch, Light, Ultrasonic, etc)Make Decisions – Logic (Computation)Take Action – ActuatorsInteract – User Interface and CommunicationPower Unit

Architecture of Robotic System

Motor

LOGIC CONTROLLER

Infrared Detector (Sensor)Actuators

Bumper (Sensor)Motor

Bumper (Sensor)

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Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added a “zeroth law”.

Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm

First Law : A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law

Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law

Third Law : A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law.

The three laws of robotics

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Unimate

• In 1961, the first industrial arm robot, Unimate was in operation in General Motors.

• It transported die casting from assembly line and welded the parts on auto bodies

• where controlled by vacuum tubes used as digital switches, the latest ones use transistors

Manually controlled walking truck

• It was created in 1968 and could walk upto four miles an hour.

• Operator hand controlled front two legs

• Feet operated the two rear legs

• Controlled by Hydraulic Servo

Shakey

• In 1972 the first mobile robot to be able to reason out its own actions.

• It could analyze, command and break them down into basic chunks by itself.

• Makes use of STRIPS planner.

• Turning on & off the light switches, opening & closing of doors, climbing up and down , pushing movable objects.

Evolution of robotics

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UNIMATE Manually Controlled Walking Truck

Shakey

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RB5X• A programmable

robot was created in 1985 by the General Robotics Corp.

• It was equipped with infrared sensors, remote audio/video transmission, sensors and voice synthesizers.

• Progresses from simple and random responses to eventual future prediction in its environment.

Aqua robot• An aquatic walking

robot for the use underwater . It was created at the Robotics Laboratory at the Ministry of Transport in Japan.

• Main purpose is to carry out underwater inspecting works accompanied with port construction.

ASIMO• Advanced step in

innovative mobility.• A humanoid robot

designed by Honda to be a multi functional assistant was introduced on October 21,2000

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RB5X ASIMOAqua Robot

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AIBO•Artificial intelligence robot•An iconic series of robo pet designed and manufactured by sony in 1998 and released its latest versions 2005

MER A and MER B

•One of the two rovers of NASA’s mars exploration•June 10th - NASA launched the MER-A "Spirit" rover destined for Mars.July 7th - NASA launches the MER-B "Opportunity".

Atlas•A bipedal humanoid robot designed by boston dynamics.•Atlas includes 28 hydraulically-actuated degrees of freedom, two hands, arms, legs, feet and a torso.•In extremely challenging terrain, Atlas is strong and coordinated enough to climb using hands and feet, to pick its way through congested spaces.

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AIBO ATLAS

MER A

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also known as additive manufacturing (AM), refers to various processes used to synthesize a three dimensional object. In 3D printing, successive layers of material are formed under computer control to create an object.3d scanners use different technologies to generate a 3d model.Not all 3D printers use the same technology. There are several ways to print and all those available are additive, differing mainly in the way layers are build to create the final object.Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) are the most common technologies using this way of printing.The most common technology using this method is called stereolithography (SLA).

3D printing

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• In 2011 TIME Magazine named Iris van Herpen’s 3D printed dress was one of the 50 best inventions in the year 2011. .

• A 3D printed dress made from lasers intered plastic.• Van Herpen developed this innovative new textile, called

TPU 92A-1 and it is being billed as the first printable material that is flexible, durable enough to be worn – and to be put in the washing machine.

• Although 3D printing materials have evolved from simple plastics to a wide range of materials like nylons, wood, salt, cement and even printing food. The true future of 3D printing lies in Bio Printing. 

• If it is possible to print human cells, printing silks, cottons and other natural fibers would be the next step in 3d printing for the fashion industry.

3D Printing: The face of future fashion?

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Robot Sewing machine

The U.S. military is funding an effort to make robotic sewing machines that can sew garments more cheaply than human workers.

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Going to far away planets. Going far down into the unknown waters and mines where

humans would be crushed Giving us information that humans can't get Working at places 24/7 without any salary and food. Plus they

don't get bored They can perform tasks faster than humans and much more

consistently and accurately Most of them are automatic so they can go around by

themselves without any human interference.

Advantages of robotics

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People can lose jobs in factories It needs a supply of powerIt needs maintenance to keep it runningIt costs money to make or buy a robot

Disadvantages Of Robotics

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http://www.robotshop.com/media/files/PDF/timeline.pdfhttp://robotics.megagiant.com/history.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIBOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASIMOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RB5Xhttp://www.bostondynamics.com/robot_Atlas.htmlhttp://3dprinting.com/what-is-3d-printing/http://tedx.amsterdam/2013/07/3d-printing-the-face-of-future-fashion/https://www.aldebaran.com/en/cool-robots/naohttp://www.livescience.com/20814-pentagon-robot-sewing-machines-aim-china-factories.htmlhttp://www.nanobot.info/

References

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http://www.robotmaster.com/en/why-robotmasterhttps://www.quora.com/What-programming-languages-are-used-in-robotics

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