MIMO-OFDM for 4G network

“BER Analysis and Performance of MIMO-OFDM

System using BPSK Modulation Scheme

For Next Generation Communication Systems”

Presented by: Mr. NIMAY CHANDRA GIRI

Dept. of ECE

CONTENTS

OBJECTIVE

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

MIMO TRANSMITTER & RECIEVER WITH RESULTS

BPSK SYSTEM

OFDM TECHNIQUE WITH RESULTS

MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM

SINGLE-CARRIER VS. MULTI-CARRIERS

ADVANTAGES

APPLICATION

CONCLUSION

FUTURE SCOPE

REFERENCES

PUBLICATION

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OBJECTIVE

• MIMO System: high data rates & increased capacity of the system

• OFDM Technique: reduced Multi path fading, ICI and ISI &

provide Multi-carrier Orthogonal Signals.

• BPSK Modulation: Long distance transmission & used in each

block of IDFT/IFFT of MIMO-OFDM model for mapping data

streams.

• In this thesis Work, I compare the BER vs. SNR of MIMO-OFDM

System using BPSK modulation, and performance of MIMO-

OFDM system for 4G networks.

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INTRODUCTION MIMO-OFDM is a hot topic in today modern wireless communication since all

wireless technologies like PAN, LAN, W-LAN, MAN, W-MAN & WAN.

In the 1980s, MIMO-OFDM has been studied for high-speed transmission.

MIMO System have multiple inputs and multiple outputs antennas.

• Multiplexing Gain => Spectral efficiency increases

• Diversity Gain => Combats Fading

• Interference Reduction Gain => Capacity increases

o OFDM = Orthogonal FDM ( It was invented during World War-II, 1939-194580Hz of frequency used)

o OFDM is a combination of Modulation & Multiplexing techniques.

• OFDM is a multicarrier block transmission system.

• Block of ‘N’ symbols are grouped and sent parallely.

• No interference among the data symbols sent in a block.

MIMO System and OFDM Modulation Technique

• Air-interface (ICI & ISI) solutions

• More Flexibility, Capacity & Efficiency

• More numbers of carriers

• Increase data rates and SNR with reducing BER.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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Title of Papers Author’s name Year Work done

Performance analysis of

various equalizer for ISI

reduction in MIMO-

OFDM system.

Yashvant Dhiwar, Rakesh

Mandal

2014 ISI reduction using

Equalization technique

(ZF, MMSE)

Analysis Of Reduction In

Complexity Of MIMO-

OFDM System.

Sabitha Gauni, Kumar

Ramamoorthy

2014 CFO estimation and

correction by the help of

ML estimator.

Design of MIMO OFDM

SDM Systems for High

Speed Data

Transmission

Betsy Jose, Mr. B. Satish

Kumar

2014 BER reduction and high

data rates by using 2*2

MIMO-OFDM system,

MATLAB

BER analysis of various

channel equalization in

OFDM based MIMO

CDMA system

Husnul Ajra,

Md. Zahid Hasan,

Md. Shohidul Islam

2014 using QO-STBC method

for channel equalization &

BER reduction

Bit Error Rate

Performance of BPSK

Modulation and OFDM-

BPSK with Rayleigh

Multipath Channel

M. Divya

2013 BER performance is

analyzed using BPSK &

OFDM-BPSK modulation

technique

MIMO ANTENNAS CONFIGURATION

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Here MT transmit and MR receive antennas with input data stream is S and output

data stream is Y.

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MIMO SYSTEM MODEL

y = Hs + ŋ

User data

stream ‘y’.

.

User data

stream ‘s’.

.

.

.Channel

Matrix H

s1

s2

sMT

s

y1

y2

yMR

yTransmitted

vectorReceived

vector

.

.

h11

h21

Where hij is a Complex Gaussian random

variable that models fading gain

between the ith transmit and jth

receive antenna

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j

SHANNON’S CHANNEL CAPACITY (C)

Given a unit of BW (Hz), the max error-free transmission rate is

C =B log2(1+SNR) bits/s/Hz

For MIMO the capacity is given by the following equation:

Where M(or N) is the minimum number of transmitting antennas (NT) or

number of receiving antennas (NR), M= min(NT , NR ).

High Data rate Achieve

“Channel Capacity (C)”

Quality Minimize Probability of Error (Pe)

Increase efficiency

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C =M*B log2(1+SNR) bits/s/Hz

&

SNR= 10log10(Eb/N0)

MIMO CAPACITY

With increase number of antennas the capacity of the system also increases.

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2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200

5

10

15

20

25

SNR(dB)

Cap

acity

(bi

t/s/

Hz)

MIMO Capacity

Shannon Capacity

MIMO, NT=NR=1

MIMO, NT=NR=2

MIMO, NT=NR=3

MIMO, NT=NR=4

Cn=n*C1

BER PERFORMANCE OF A MIMO SYSTEM

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BER ANALYSIS OF BPSK MODULATOR

Error Rate

Calculation

Tx

Rx

Error Rate

Calculation

0

0Display

Bernoulli

Binary

Bernoulli Binary

Generator

BPSK

BPSK

Modulator

Baseband

BPSK

BPSK

Demodulator

Baseband

AWGN

AWGN

Channel

To generate random binary number(0 or 1) Bernoulli Binary Generator is used

in Simulink Model.

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RESULT ANALYSIS OF BPSK USING MATLAB

SIMULINK

SL. NO. NAME OF PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION

1. Channel Type AWGN

2. Probability Error 0.5

3. Initial seed 61

4. Sample time 1

5. Phase offset 0

6. Signal to Noise Ratio 4.2 dB

7. Input Signal Power 1

8. Symbol Period 1

9. Target no. of Error 100

10. Maximum no. Symbols 1e6

11 Modulation BPSK

12 Error 0.076

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SINGLE CARRIER VS. MULTICARRIERS TRASMISSION

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Multi-carrier ModulationMulti-carrier De-Modulation

Multi-carrier modulations that use orthogonal waveform for modulating

the sub-carriers are called

orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) schemes.

ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (OFDM)

Since all the data on each of these

subcarriers are transmitted

simultaneously, =>'Multiplexing'.

This spacing provides the “orthogonality”.

Most popular solution for OFDM are

Multi path, ICI & ISI by transmitting the

Data parallel with longer period, Guard

interval & Cyclic prefix.

Alternate solution: Multi-carrierModulation (MCM) where channel isbroken up into sub bands or subcarriersuch that the fading over each sub channelbecomes flat thus eliminating the problemof ISI.

Multi carrier modulation=> FDMA & OFDM

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OFDM is a technology that we split a wide frequency band into many small

frequencies and carry data onto each of these sub carriers. This is the meaning

of 'Frequency Division'.

HOW OFDM WORKS

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OFDM MATHEMATICS

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MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM MODEL

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OFDM IN CELLULAR SYSTEM

OFDM extends directly to MIMO channels with the IFFT/FFT and CP

operations being performed at each of the transmit and receive antennas.

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MODULATION AND MAPPING

BPSK-Modulation 16-QAM

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SERIES AND PARALLEL CONCEPTIn OFDM system design, the series and parallel converter to realize the

concept of parallel data transmission.

It solves the Multipath Fading in the channel

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PILOT INSERTIONS/SUBCARRIERS

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It is a single frequency, transmitted over communication system for

supervisory, control, synchronization the signal and help to carry the signal

towards IFFT/IDFT in faster. It is inserted in Subcarrier of OFDM signals.

INTERFERENCES

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ICI means that the orthogonality

between different subchannels

or Sub-carriers in the OFDM

signal is destroyed/ lossed.

ISI causes the loss of

Orthogonality.

It is avoided by using Cuclic

Extension in the OFDM signals.

ICI Caused by Delay spread >

guard interval or CP

Solution; CP> Path delay spread

ISI is induced in a signal when itpasses through a frequency-selective Channel .

It is avoided by using Guardinterval (Tg)

By assuming the same data rate:

• For Single-carrier

Bs > Bc => interference, ISI

(Frequency selective fading)

• Multicarrier

Bs < Bc => No interference (Flat fading)

Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)

CP, Convert a linear convolution channel into a circular

convolution channel. CP overcome the Orthogonality losses of signal

REDUCTION OF ICI AND ISI IN OFDM SYSTEM

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ISI avoid by guard interval (Tg)/CP OFDM symbols (Tg> Delay spread).

Signal in time domain

IFFT & FFT OPERATION

Time domain signals are represent in frequency domain (Spectrum) for

transmition of signal in to air. It can be generated by Fourier transform.

IFFT at the transmitter & FFT at the receiver side. These has faster

computation as compare to IDFT & DFT.

IFFT converts a signal from frequency to time domain where as FFT do

reverse.

IFFT & FFT operation ensures that sub-carriers are don't interfere with each

other.

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ORTHOGONALITY

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OFDM system signals are overlap and orthogonal to one another. As a result,

OFDM systems are able to maximize spectral efficiency and high data rate

without causing adjacent channel interference. Orthogonality of carriers is lost

when multipath channels are involved.

BER ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF OFDM TECHNIQUE

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

BLUE LINE -after transmission & RED LINE –after demodulation

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Am

pli

tud

e

Error = 0.0340 (OFDM)

OFDM PARAMETERS STANDARDS

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BER VS. SNR OF OFDM SYSTEM WITH BPSK SCHEME.

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Error = 0.0340 (OFDM)

BER OF OFDM SIMULATION RESULT WITH BPSK

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These above value helps for BER Analysis and mapping of bit stream in

OFDM system.

ADVANTAGES

• High data rates in wireless access

• High Quality of service

• More Flexibility, Capacity

• Spectral Efficient

• More numbers of carriers

• Interference reduction

• Maximum utilization of spectrum

• Coexistence with current and future systems

• Link reliability

• Sensitivity

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MIMO-OFDM STANDARDS & APPLICATIONS

IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) Systems

IEEE 802.11a (OFDM) Systems

IEEE 802.11a&g (WLAN) systems

IEEE 802.11a&b (WMAN) systems

IEEE 802.16a (WiMAX) systems

Wireless network

Use more frequency spectrum

Next generation network (4G)

Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, W-MAN

Digital-TV

Power-line control

DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)

DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting)

DMT (Discrete MultiTone systems)

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CONCLUSION

In this thesis work, the basic concepts of a MIMO-OFDM

system with relevant design and performance parameters in

theoretical & practical are studied. The generalized block

diagram of a basic MIMO-OFDM system which includes a

number of transmitting and receiving antennas at the both

ends to maximize data rates and efficiency of the system has

been explained in brief. Further, the BER is reduced and

performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM systems with BPSK

modulation has been covered in this thesis.

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FUTURE SCOPE

The BER performance of MIMO-OFDM system with various

equalizers can be optimized with different bio-inspired

optimization techniques.

The BER Performance of MIMO-OFDM system can be

analyzed by using Channel Estimation (LMS, RLS and RLMS)

Algorithm.

Performance of MIMO-OFDM system can be applicable in

Video Broadcasting, Radio Processing and Speech Processing

in Wireless communication System.

MIMO-OFDM for 4G network using LTE, Advanced LTE,

Time space coding, MIMO-WiMAX, MIMO-OFDM Li-Fi …

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REFERENCES

[1] Yashvant Dhiwar and Rakesh Mandal, “Performance Analysis of Various Equalizers for ISI reduction in MIMO-OFDM

System,” International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-20, March. 2014.

[2] Sabita Gauni and Kumar Ramamoorthy, “Analysis of Reduction in Complexity of MIMO-OFDM Systems with

Frequency Offset Estimation and correction,” Journal of Computer Science (JCS), Vol. 10, No.2, pp.198-209, 2014.

[3] Betsy Jose and Mr. B. Satish Kumar, “Design of MIMO-OFDM SDM Systems for High Speed Data Transmission,”

International Journal of Information & Computation Technology (IJICT), Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-8, 2014.

[4] H. Ajra, Md. Zahid Hasan, and Md. Shohidul Islam, “BER Analysis of Various Channel Equalization Schemes of a QO-

STBC Encoded OFDM based MIMO CDMA System, “International Journal Computer Network and Information

Security (IJCNIS), Vol.3, No.4, pp.30-36, 2014.

[5] Mr. Atul Subgh Kushwah, “Performance Analysis of 2*4 MIMO-MC-CDMA in Rayleigh Fading Channel ZF-decoder,”

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 1-4, Feb. 2014.

[6] Mr. Sivanagaraju and Dr. Siddaiah,”Comprehensive Analysis of BER and SNR in OFDM Systems, “International

Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (IJIRCCE), Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 3059-

3065, Feb. 2014.

[7] N. Achra, G. Mathur, and R.P. Yadav,” Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System for Different Modulation

Schemes under Various Fading Channels, “International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and

Communication Engineering (IJARCCE), Vol. 2, Issue 5, pp. 2098-2103, May. 2013.

[8] S. Kumar and Deepak Kedia, ”Study and Performance Analysis of a General MIMO-OFDM System for Next

Generation Communication Systems,” International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology

(IJECCT), Vol. 3, Issue 5, pp. 460-463, Sept. 2013.12/13/2014

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REFERENCES [9] M.Divya, “BER performance of BPSK modulation and OFDM-BPSK with Rayleingh multipath channel,” IJEAT, vol. 2,

Issue 4, pp. 623-626, April. 2013.

[10] P. Wadhwa and G. Gupta, “BER Analysis & Comparison of Different Equalization Techniques for MIMO-OFDM

System,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSE), Vol. 3,

Issue 6, pp. 1682-1688, June 2013.

[11] M. Abu Faisal, M. Hossain and Shaikh E. Ulaah, “Perfomance Evaluation of a Antenna MC-CDMA System on Color

Image Transmission under Implementation of Various Signal Detection Techniques,” International Journal of Advanced

Science and Technology (IJAST), Vol. 41, pp. 71-82, April. 2012.

[12] N. Sood, A.K. Sharma, and M. Uddin, “BER Performance of OFDM-BPSK and QPSK Over Generalized Gamma Fading

Channel,” International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 13-16, June 2010.

[13] Amitava Ghosh and Tim Thomas, “LTE-Advanced: Next generation wireless broadband technology,” IEEE Trans.

commun., pp. 10-22, June 2010.

[14] K. Ben Letaief and Ying Jun, “Dynamic multiuser resource allocation and adaptation for wireless systems,” IEEE Trans.

Commun., vol. 57, pp. 38-47, Aug. 2006.

[15] Wei Zhang and Xiang Gen Xia, “Space-time/frequency coding for MIMO-OFDM in Next generation broadband wireless

systems,” IEEE Wireless Commun., pp. 32-43, Aug. 2007.

[16] Helmut Bolcskel and ETH Zurich, ”MIMO-OFDM wireless systems,” IEEE wireless commun. Vol. 64, pp. 31-37, Aug.

2006.

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PUBLICATION

Nimay Ch. Giri, Rupanita Das and SK Mohammed Ali, “BER Analysis And

Performance Of Mimo-ofdm System Using BPSK Modulation Scheme For Next

Generation Communication Systems, ” International Journal of Engineering Sciences

& Research Technology (IJESRT), Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 1622-1629, March 2014.

Nimay Chandra Giri, Shanaz Aman and Debaraj Rana, “BER and Performance of

MIMO System for Wireless Communication, ” Emergent Trends in Computing and

Communication (ETCC), Vol. 4, May 2014.

Nimay Ch. Giri1, Anwesha Sahoo2, J. R. Swain3, P. Kumar4, A. Nayak5, P.

Debogoswami6 “Capacity & Performance Comparison of SISO and

MIMO System for Next Generation Network (NGN),” IJARCET, Vol. 3,

Issue 9, Sept. 2014.

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THANK YOU

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ANY QUERY ?

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