Environmental issues in textile industry of pakistan

Environmental Issues in Textile Industry of PakistanEnvironmental issues of Pakistan’s Textile industry will be presented.In this presentation, we will share our personal experience of a spinning mill located in Pakistan.

Presenters

Muhammad Samran 12-NTU-0023

Muhammad Sohail Anjum 12-NTU-0024

Muhammad Zubair Tahir 12-NTU-0029

Contents

Presentation is divided as;1) Introduction2) Environmental problems in JKS-33) Effect of different pollutions on inside mill and outside

environment4) Solutions to environmental problems5) Conclusion6) References

Introduction

• There are three basic needs that a man possesses – food, clothing, and shelter.

• The global textile and clothing industry is bound to be huge, as it fulfills the second basic requirement of man. It is worth $480 billion at present and is expected to reach $700 billion, shortly.

• This is because people are getting increasingly conscious of the way they dress. It has become a means to create an impression and represent their personality.

Introduction

• Everybody wants to strike an impression with different and fashionable clothes.

• The sad fact is that the human greed to look appealing and wear glamorous clothes has ended up causing harm to the environment.

• The textile industry is one of the most pollutants releasing industries of the world. Surveys show that nearly five percent of all landfill space is consumed by textile waste.

Environmental issues inside Textiles

• Air Pollution:Air pollution is a big factor in all textile industries especially in spinning mills, which directly effect work force.• Noise pollution:Noise pollution is produced by all types of textile industries due to different type of machines and processes.• Chemical hazards:A lot of dangerous materials are used in textile industries. Major share is of wet processing units where a lot of care is required while using different chemicals.

Environmental issues outside Textiles

• Air pollution:Textile chimneys release tons of smoke containing hazardous particles in it to outside environment, which pollutes our eco-system.• Water pollution:Textile industries especially wet processing industries use a lot of water and release a lot of polluted water which pollutes drinking water and agricultural water along with reduction water resources.• Land pollution:Waste materials (plastics, polypropylene bags, etc.) thrown out by Textiles and are not disposed properly produce land pollution.

Share of different departments in Environmental issues

50%

23%

15%

2%10%

Environmental issues by different departmentsTextile Processing Weaving Yarn manufacturingGarments Manufacturing Knitting

Personal experience & analysis

• We visited JK Spinning mills unit no. 3 (JKS-3), located in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

• JK Spinning mills is a well established spinning unit in Pakistan. It was founded in 1975.

• We joined this mill as internees and stay there for 4 weeks.

• During this tenure, we observe and analyze some major environment issues in JK spinning mills affecting inside and outside environment of mill.

Issues inside mill

We observed four major environmental issues inside mill;

1) Air pollution2) Noise pollution3) Poor drainage system4) High Temperature

Issues inside mill

1) Air pollution:• Air pollution was the major issue inside this mill. Air inside the

mill was highly polluted by dust, fly and other small particles.• Different types of pollutants add up in air in different

departments.• In mixing hall, heaps of cotton material are placed in a room

manually by workers to condition the material for 12 hours. During manual transport of material a lot of short fibers, fly and dust add up in air and harm workers while breathing in this polluted environment.

Issues inside mill

• Blow room department contain high amount of dust in environment along with high temperature of machines. Major dust and fly is add up in air during manual feeding of material in blow room.• Carding department add up a low proportion of dust in air

but overall its fine.• Drawing department also shares a very low proportion in

air pollution of inside environment.

Issues inside mill

• Roving department add up a lot of fly and small dust particles in air. Conditions are serious here for human health especially breathing.• Ring department also produce a lot of fly waste.• Winding department produce severe conditions for human

workers. It contains highest amount of short fly than any other spinning department. It is much difficult to breath here.• Filter rooms of blow room, card and combers have severe

conditions with high short fly content and dust.

Issues inside mill

2) Noise pollution:• Noise pollution was the 2nd biggest problem in this mill.

Some departments produce a lot of noise which is bearable or harmless until a limit. Different departments produce different levels of noise.• Blow room is running at 88db, which is bearable and

harmless until 6 hours of continuous effect.• Carding department has 21 card machines producing

noise of 81db, harmless till 10 hours of continuous effect.

Issues inside mill

• Drawing produce 79db noise, totally harmless. Preferably 12 hours of continuous effect.• Combing department produce 80db noise, harmless till 12 hours

of continuous effect.• Roving department produce 88db noise, harmless till 7 – 8

hours of continuous effect.• Ring department produce 95.4db noise, harmless till 4 – 5 hours

of continuous effect. Preferably protection required.• Winding department produce 96db noise, harmless till 4 hours

of continuous effect. Protection should be used.

Issues inside mill

• Doubling department produce 107.8db noise, protection must be used.

• So, doubling is the most noisy department and conditions are severe for human ears in this department.

Issues inside mill

3) Poor drainage system:• Rain water drainage is very poor in JK Spinning mills.• Proper piping and drainage system is not available. After

raining, rain water stands still on mill pathways where walking becomes impossible.• It also damages bales of cotton in plucker room and bales

store, which damages a lot of material.• The still water also produce unbearable smell after

sometime.

Issues inside mill

Poor water drainage

Issues inside mill

4) High temperature:• Air changes in different departments were less than

standards due to which high temperature issues take place.

• Highest temperature was in roving & ring section. In some cases high temperature is the requirement of process but overall there should be enough air changes for comfort of work force.

Issues outside the mill

Issues observed outside the mill are;

1) Land pollution2) Water wastage


1) Land pollution:• Land is polluted in two ways by the mill;i. Cotton productionii. Mill waste• JKS-3 use about 160 bales of cotton everyday to produce

525-550 bags of yarn. Similarly other short staple spinning mills also require a lot of cotton.


• Cotton consumes the highest amount of harmful pesticides and fertilizers during its cultivation. Majority of them fall on land while they are sprinkled on the crop.• It pollutes land and makes them useless and barren in the

long run.• Mill throws out polypropylene bags (bales packing),

polythene bags and useless cotton waste which pollutes outside land and environment.


Land pollution


2) Water wastage:• Water used by compressors and air conditioning

department is not recycled or reused but it is released outside the mill in dirty water canal, which is not suitable for drinking or any human use.

• So any use of this water will harm our ecosystem if it is not treated well before use. Also it decreases water resources.

Impacts of issues on inside environment of mill and outside environment

BY

Muhammad Samran

Impact on inside conditions

Effect of dust & short fly:Dust and short fly effect human health as well as processes and end products. It effects processes and products as;

• Formation of dust film on every surface.• Particles fall into moving parts of machinery.• Dirty appearance of product.


Dust & fly effect human work force as;• Exposure to cotton dust can produce a feeling of chest

tightness, coughing, wheezing, phlegm, weakness, fever, chills, and breathing difficult (dyspnea). The symptoms can disappear following removal from exposure (during brief periods away from work) and can reappear following exposure.

• Chronic exposure has caused lung airway obstraction (which reduce ventilatory capacity) and lead to disability and premature death.


Effect of noise:Noise above 140 decibels causes pain and immediate hearing loss.

Noise level Allowable exposure time85db 8 hours90db 4 hours100db 1 hour105db 30 minutes110db 15 minutes115db 0


Noise effects human health as;• Aggression• Hypertension• High Stress Levels• Tinnitus (permanent ringing in ear)• Hearing loss• Sleep disturbances• Forgetfulness• Severe Depression• Panic Attacks• Working Efficiency

Scientific studies have shown that hearing loss can occur when 8-hour average noise exposure = or > 85 decibels.


Poor drainage system:• Absence of proper draining system allows rain water to

stand still for many days, which cause unwanted smell and block the pathways.

• Improper insulation of departments result in entrance of water inside mixing room, which cause material loss.


High temperature issues:Absence of air changes cause high temperature issues, which effect as;• Loss of required moisture in yarn.• Increase fatigue level of work force.• Heat up machines, results in efficiency loss.

Impact on outside conditions

Land pollution:• Pesticides and fertilizers used in cotton cultivation decrease

the agricultural life of an agricultural land.

• Poor disposal of plastics and bags result in unwanted odors, harmful gasses on decomposition and fullness of land with wastes.

Impact on outside conditions

Water wastage:• Drinking water resources are decreasing day by day. Use of

fresh water instead of recycling of used water is a big contribution in decrease of water resources.

Solutions to the environmental issues

BY

Muhammad Zubair Tahir

Solutions

Control of dust and fly:• Use of general or dilution ventilation• Use of scrubbers

Ventilation:General (dilution) ventilation systems supply clean air that mixes with the air in the workplace, diluting the concentration of the contaminant.

Solutions

Ventilation

Solutions

Scrubbers:• The Scrubber is one of the most common pollution control

device used by industries.• There are two types of Scrubbers: Wet Scrubbers and Dry

Scrubbers. Mechanism of both the scrubbers is almost same.• The only difference is in case of Dry Scrubbers End Product

is in solid form while in case of Wet Scrubbers it is found in liquid form.

Solutions

• Dry scrubber • Wet scrubber

Solutions

Prevention from dust:• Use surgical masks.

Solutions

Prevention from noise:Noise pollution can be controlled by paying attention to one or all of the three elements involved.

Solutions

Source can be modified by changing in design, treatment of machine surface, noise source could be stopped or operation limited to certain times.

Transmission path sound insulating enclosure, construction of noise barrier, absorbing materials along the path.

Receiver altering the work schedule, by provision of ear protection.

Solutions

Control at receiver end

Solutions

Control of land pollution:• Plastics and other wastes should be disposed off properly.

• Grow organic cotton without use of ant fertilizers and pesticides to increase agricultural life of land.

Conclusion

• It is concluded that environmental conditions inside and outside of textile industries in Pakistan and their impact on eco-system and human lives is much severe as compare to the modern world industries in Europe, USA, UK, etc.

• We should try to control pollutions created by industries and should think about some alternatives to dangerous processes and chemicals.

• We should use filtration media and treatment plants to control and prevent from pollutions.

• We should create awareness in people about dangers of different processes and their impact on life because life is the most important thing in this world.

References

• Sir Tariq hassan Sb. (GM at JKS-3)

• Sir Inam-ul-haq Sb. (DGM at JKS-3)

• JKS-3 staff and workers

Thank You!!!

Engineering

Environmental issues in textile industry of pakistan