ENERGY CRISIS – CLIMATE CHANGE

Prepared by :Nur Aina FarahanaSumayyah Adnan

Yusrina FatiniAmira YusofAsmiza Ashri

Wan Nur Shahirah

Climate Change

• Is a change of distribution of weather patterns over a long time after been observed by the scientists all over the world .

• Climate change is due to enhancement of the Earth's natural greenhouse effect, which is caused by emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.

What is dangerous climate change?

450 to 550 parts per million (p pm) of carbon dioxide (CO2)

gives us a 50:50 chance of limiting global temperature

• critical thresholds and key vulnerabilities of the climate system

• impacts on human and natural systems

WHAT CAUSES

CLIMATE

CHANGE?

Human’s activities

• Open burning• Emmision of fossil fuel• Emission of gas from vehicles• CFC gas

Problem Formulations

• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)• Change the use of fossil fuels use by

transportations into plug-in hybrid• adopting less carbon-intensive fuels and

renewable energy• enhancing carbon sinks

Carbon Capture

Plug-in Hybrid

Power Plant

What We Need to Know

• Strong nation against the main polluter• SOLUTION :• To adopt a strong policies for the main

polluter through worldwide such as IPCC• To develop new good incentives find more

renewable energy

What is the best source of scientific information on climate change?

• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organisation. It assesses scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the risks of human-induced climate change, potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation.

IMPACTand

EFFECTS

Temperature

Rainfall

Marine Environment

Predicted impacts

• milder and wetter winters • hotter and drier summers • more extreme weather events• rising sea levels.

Global impacts

• 11 of the last 12 years rank among the 12 warmest since recordings began in 1850.

• The average temperature of the oceans has increased to depths of at least 3000 metres since 1961. More than 80% of the heat added to the climate system has been absorbed by the oceans, and this has contributed to sea level rise.

• Global average sea level rose on average 1.8mm per year between 1961 and 2003. The total 20th century sea level rise is an estimated 17cm.

• The annual average Arctic sea ice area has shrunk by 2.7% per decade, with larger decreases in summer of up to almost 10% per decade.

• The frequency of heavy precipitation (rainfall) has increased over most land areas, consistent with warming and observed increases in atmospheric water vapour.

• Since the 1970s, droughts have become more intense and last longer, particularly in the tropics and subtropics.

• Mid-latitude westerly winds have strengthened in both hemispheres since the 1960s.

What should we do ?

Government

• increasing energy efficiency standards• encouraging the use of renewable energy

sources (such as wind and solar power)• eliminating subsidies that encourage the use

of coal and oil• protecting and restoring forests that serve as

important storehouses of carbon

International action

• providing precise and regularly updated inventories of greenhouse gas emissions

• taking climate change into account in matters such as agriculture, industry, energy, natural resources, and coastal activities

• developing national programmes to slow climate change

Kyoto Protocol• Emissions trading

Under the Protocol, countries may buy and sell greenhouse-gas emissions 'units' and 'credits'.

• Clean Development MechanismThis is a system for financing emission-reduction or emission-avoidance projects in developing nations.

• Joint ImplementationIndustrialized countries are granted 'emissions reduction units' for financing projects in other developed countries – a system intended to increase efficiency and reduce emissions from the 'transition economies' of central and eastern Europe.

Play your part

• Replace your old fridge freezer with an energy efficient version.

• Only boil as much water as you need. Boiling a full kettle for just one cup of tea will generate up to eight times more carbon dioxide emissions.

• Switch off all appliances when not in use.

• Use energy efficient light bulbs –they last 12 times longer than standard bulbs and cut energy wastage by over three quarters.

• Turn your thermostat down just 1°C and save 10% on your bills.

• Rethink your rubbish - reduce, reuse or recycle it, instead of throwing it in the bin.

In the garden

• Grow your own vegetables!

Shopping

• Buy locally produced food that is seasonal and organic, and you'll help reduce the environmental impact of transporting food (via air travel and shipping) from across the globe.

Travel

• running a car share scheme. Whether it be walking, cycling, using public transport or sharing a car, the changes you make to get from A to B will make a significant contribution to reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

Holidays

• Air transport is now thought to be one of the fastest growing contributing factors to global warming. Try taking holidays closer to home; there are 100s of places of beauty and culture to visit both in MALAYSIA and you'll make a huge saving to your own carbon footprint.

The End