Why Agriculture is not Attractive to the Youth ?

• No money from farming / low income / unstable work / high risk / no prospects

• No pride and dignity in farming , low self esteem

• Rural life is boring, no “entertainment”

• Exclusion in agricultural policy formation and decision- making processes

• Lack of rural youth organizations focusing on agriculture .

• Youth will farm if :

–Agri will provide decent livelihoods

–Agri can be a “wealth multiplier”

– Support for capital investments in family farm is available

Value added ofYoung Professionals

At ease with change

More computer

literate

Fresh perspectives

More aware of new tools

Disadvantages ofYoung Professionals

Lack conflict resolving

skills

Lack negotiating

skills

Challenges of Youth in agriculture

Access to Education,Knowledge,Info..

Access to Green

jobs

Access to

markets

Engagement in policy dialogue

Perceived Challenges of Youth in Agriculture

Labour intensive.. Traditional

Risky, Not Lucrative..

Access to

financial Services

Access to

Land

Redefining Youth in Agri.. Social

stigma..aslow status

Youth in Agriculture: An Analysis on Entrepreneurial Perspective

Alok Kumar SahooPh.D. research scholar

Division of Agricultural Extension, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi

Agri-enterprise development and management CAMBODIARebranding agriculture in schools UGANDA AND SAINT LUCIAYoung Women Open Schools PakistanOn-the-job training MadagascarPhD training in agriculture AfricaDistance learning for young farmers BrazilICTs for extension services Ghana and KenyaICT solutions for agriculture RwandaYouth resource centres on agriculture Zambia

Land tenure, farm productivity and enterprise development PhilippinesLand ownership for Shea butter producers Burkina FasoDistributing hillside land to landless youth EthiopiaYoung rural entrepreneur and land fund program me MexicoReclaiming desert land for young graduates EgyptSmall landlords and large tenants program me Taiwan Province of ChinaShort -term land leases for youth Uganda

Several Success stories regarding Youth in Agriculture ….(FAO)

According to Census 2011, India has 55 million potential workersbetween the ages of 15 and 35 years in rural areas. At the same time,the world is expected to face a shortage of 57 million workers by 2020.This presents a historic opportunity for India to transform itsdemographic surplus into a demographic dividend.

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya YojanaEnable Poor and Marginalized to Access BenefitsInclusive Program DesignMandatory coverage of socially disadvantaged groups (SC/ST 50%;Minority 15%; Women 33%)Shifting Emphasis from Training to Career ProgressionGreater Support for Placed CandidatesPost-placement support, migration support and alumni networkProactive Approach to Build Placement PartnershipsGuaranteed Placement for at least 75% trained candidatesEnhancing the Capacity of Implementation PartnersRegional FocusStandards-led Deliver

Govt. of India Initiatives….

• "Start-Up India" intended to build a strong eco-system for nurturing innovation and Start-ups in the country

• Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) with Self-Employment and Talent Utilization (SETU) Program

• “Stand-Up India” to facilitate bank loans between 10 lakh to 100 lakh to at least one (SC) or (ST) borrower and at least one Woman borrower for setting up a greenfield enterprise

• National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) was setup as a PPP mode for catalysing the skills landscape in India.

• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) to enable outcome based skill training and become employable and earn their livelihood with certificates and monetary reward with successfully trained, assessed and certified in skill courses run by affiliated training providers. The average monetary reward would be around Rs.8000 per trainee

• AC ABC , DAESI and NABARD supported projects to facilitate youth entrepreneurs with initial financial credit and subsidy support.

Govt. of India Initiatives….

ICAR initiatives Farmer FIRST, ARYA, Student READY and MeraGaon Mera Gaurav.

ARYA: (i) To attract and empower the Youth in Rural Areas for sustainable

income and gainful employment in agri..enterprises(ii) To enable network groups to take up resource and capital intensive

activities like processing, value addition and marketing(iii) To demonstrate functional linkage with different stakeholders for

sustainable development of youth.Implementation: 25 States through KVKs, one district from each State• 200-300 rural youths identified for their skill development in

entrepreneurial activities & micro-enterprise units …..• SAUs and ICAR Institutes as Technology Partners. • Enterprise units of KVK serve as entrepreneurial training units for

farmers. The purpose is to establish economic models for youth in the villages so that youths get attracted in agriculture and overall rural situation is improved.

READY refers to “Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness DevelopmentYojana” and the programme was conceptualized to reorient graduates ofAgriculture and allied subjects for ensuring and assuring employability anddevelop entrepreneurs for emerging knowledge intensive agriculture.Component of the programmeExperiential Learning: step forward for “Earn while Learn” concept for highquality professional competence and practical work experience in real lifesituation to Graduates which facilitates Job Providers rather than JobSeekers .• To promote professional skills and knowledge through meaningful hands

on experience.• To build confidence and to work in project mode.• To acquire enterprise management capabilitiesRural Agriculture Work ExperienceThe Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) helps the studentsprimarily to understand the rural situations, status of Agriculturaltechnologies adopted by farmers, prioritize the farmers problems and todevelop skills & attitude of working with farm families for overalldevelopment in rural area

In Plant Training/ Industrial attachment (10 weeks) • Provide an industrial exposure to the students as well as to develop their

career in the high tech industrial requirements.• To expose the students to Industrial environment, which cannot be

simulated in the university.

Hands-on training ( HOT) / Skill development training – 24 Weeks• To make conditions as realistic as possible. Opportunity for repeated

practice.• The students become skilled in the identified practices/methods and gain

confidence. • The ultimate aim is to make student ready to pursue the learned skills as

their career.Students Projects- 10 weeksTo impart analytical skills and capability to work independentlyTo conceptualize, design and implement the proposed work planWork as a team- sharing work amongst a group learn leadership qualities Learn to solve a problem through all its stages by understanding and applying project management skills.

Success Story : Mr.Elango the entrepreneur of “AAVAI” Amla RTS, squash, candies, mouth refreshner, etc. (Year of Start :2012) Reasons for selecting this project :value addition unit in amlaI) Simple manufacturing process.ii)Easy availability of raw material.iii) Low production costTechnical guidance was given by Dr.G.G.Kavitha shri, AP (Food science) working at KVK, NeedamangalamStrength of the business

No shortage for labour.No middleman hence entire profit goes to the family.No out sale marketing hence no extra cost on paying rent.Presently he is not having any competitor in this business.

Weakness of the businessFluctuation in the cost of raw materialsLack of paid labour limits the expansion of production and marketingLack of storage facility

LICENSING AND OTHER LEGAL ASPECT OF THE FIRMMember of any organization: Farmer producer organizationFees paid: Rs.1000Procedures for obtaining trade markFlow chart of processing

PRODUCTION MANAGEMENTOutput/unit of raw material From 1kg amla = 800ml of juice = 4500ml of RTS produced Therefore, from1kg amla = 15 bottles of RTS (each 300ml) can be obtainedUnit cost of production: Rs. 15 per bottle

MATERIALS MANAGEMENTMinimum amount of raw material per day: 25 kg

Conclusions: • How to create jobs instead of going behind jobs i.e. self

employment becoming an entrepreneur, • How to choose an enterprise, at what scale the production

should be started , how the product should be marketed at what cost.

• Patience and it should continue until the product catches the market and rules it.

• Lesson “of not to be a slave, but to be the ruler”.

MARKETING MANAGEMENT:Problems of consumers with regard to demand for the product

Lack of awarenessTaste and preferenceHabits

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTProduction cost per unit of output = Rs.15Marketing cost per unit of output = Rs.30Profit percentage = 50%

NGO initiatives..

Farmer's Producer Organization

Agriculture Enterprise Facilitation Centre

KNH Community Farm

Adaptation to Climate Change in Rural Areas of India

National Rural Livelihoods Mission

Poverty Reduction Through Sustainable Agriculture

Revitalization of Rain-fed Agriculture

Small Grant Facility

Multidisciplinary enterprise actions by KVK Kannur(Estd. In 2004 at the Pepper Research Station, Panniyur.)

SHG to Micro processing unit by continuous motivation

Refining Technologies (in Lab scale or Large scale)

Incubation center for Branding product

Linking entrepreneur to sources of support

Hassle free credit through SBI-KVK loan Window

KVK-mall to convey the message: “You Can” to

entrepreneur

Farmer’s Mall for linking entrepreneurs to market

FRESH (Farming & Rural Employment for Social

Harmony)

Mini-Bioparks

Dar.M.J. Joseph Farmers' Science Museum

• .

Latest ICT initiatives

National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) launched a mobile application (Pashu Poshan) that will recommend a balanced diet for cows and buffaloes to help boost dairy farmers' income by raising milk yield and cutting feed cost.

• Farmer needs to provide complete animal profile, including breed, age, milk production, fat content in milk.

• This resulted in reducing the feed cost by Rs 5-15 per day per animal and an average increase in milk production by an average 300 ml per animal per day .

WhatsApp group for farming solutions

Punjab WhatsApp group ‘Young Innovative Farmers’, was set up by young farmers and agricultural experts.

• To create interest in the field of farming with young farmers sharing good agricultural practices on crop health, seed procurement, soil health, use of fertilizers and pesticides etc.

Complex and interwoven challenges :• Ensuring youth access to the right information is crucial; integrated

training approaches to respond to the needs of a more modern agricultural sector; modern ICTs bring youth together to improve their capacities for collective action

• Youth specific projects and programmes with the extra push needed to youth enter the agricultural sector

• Coherent and integrated response is needed from policymakers

• Coordinated response to increase youth’s involvement in the agricultural sector as a rising food demand with increased population and decreasing agricultural productivity

Conclusion and Remarks..

Suggestions……...•Make agriculture highly profitable, medium risk taking, and low labour intensive.•Create agriculture a choice to start venture rather than by chance •Set up technical and vocational agri institutes in villages or cluster villages •Training and updating of stakeholders with modern technologies to mobilize rural youth•Make Young Farmers Association.. funding initially ..Let them develop their need based programs •Agriculture inclusion in course curricula in secondary and Higher secondary education•Make sure of formation of FOs and FPOs ..for strengthening backward and forward linkage in agriculture.•Make them accessible to ICT and market to bridge the gap between farmers price and consumers share.•At last not least, each and every initiative needs follow up