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“Why do we need to model the science
system?”Talk at the seminar of the Eindhoven Centre for Innovation
Sciences, June 2, 2016
Andrea Scharnhorst, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, DANS
Story line• How got I roped into this?• What kind of models do we hunt for?• There is no one model of science – but there is also not really an
overview about them or a tool box• Why do we need them?• Do we have enough good data for predictive models of science dynamic?• Modeling and measuring of science – living apart together• Barriers and actions• If only I had ….
A Map of Science and a journey
System-Umwelt-Grenze
Teilsystem 1 Teilsystem i
Teilsystem j0
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Aij0, Mij
Aij1
x1 xi
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Physics
Economics
DataScience
Education
Scientific schools
Retirement
Fieldmobility
Ebeling, W., Scharnhorst, A. (1986) Selforganization Models for Field Mobility of Physicists. Czechoslovak Journal of Physics B36 , pp. 43-46. Bruckner, E., Ebeling, W., Scharnhorst, A. (1990) The Application of Evolution Models in Scientometrics. Scientometrics 18 (1-2), pp. 21-41
Darwinian selection among scientific fields
One model, two models, many models …
Elementary unit: researcher, group, invisible college, papers, journals, institutions,Phenomenon: growth of scientific fields, the journal market, the flows of citations, the structure of collaborative networks,the boundary conditions for a successful individual career, ….
Proposed funding systemIllustrations of the existing (left) and the proposed (right) funding systems, with reviewers in blue and investigators in red.
Johan Bollen et al. EMBO Rep. doi:10.1002/embr.201338068
©2014 by European Molecular Biology OrganizationReas
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List of full professors in the Netherlands with an expertise tag (D category) which is seldom
!
Rare expertise types among the full professorsIn The Netherlands BUT: we tag the person expertise build a hierarchical system…..
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CommunicationText Actors
words journals references authors institutions countries…
Co-word mapsSemantic maps(Callon, Rip,White)
Citation environmentsof journals (Leydesdorff)
Maps of science(Boyack, Börner, Klavans;Leydesdorff, Rafols)
Bibliographic couplingCitation networks
Co-citation networks(Marshokova, Small/Griffith)
Productivity(Lotka)
Coauthorship(…..)
Disciplinary profilesPerformanceImpact (…..)
International collaboration (…..)
What is a topic?What is a paradigm?
What are fields and disciplines?
What are the hot areas and research fronts?What are the knowledge flows?
Core and peripheryof knowledge exchange in a globalized economy
Biographies, key player, Individual vs group dynamics
Key players, evaluation
Meaning of a citation, deeper understanding of knwoledge flowsSentiment of citations Small, Thelwall, Boyack…Th
e ap
plica
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of a
m
odel
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as g
ood
as …
Measuring and modelling the sciences
Stochastic processes& indicators
Science maps, network analytics& epidemic processes
Hirsh index
Lucio-Arias, D., & Scharnhorst, A. (2012). Mathematical Approaches to Modeling Science from an Algorithmic-Historiography Perspective. In A. Scharnhorst, K. Börner, & P. van den Besselaar (Eds.), Models of Science Dynamics (pp. 23–66). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23068-4_2
BarriersSc
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Vario
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Data
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not i
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Mod
els
skills
Vision
Evidence based policy advice
Science model
laboratory
Science observatory
Science in society
interface
On the way…• Workshops to raise awareness• Special issues, books, review articles• Data mining and data visualisation• Interaction with stakeholders in science policy
Information professionals• Collections, Information retrieval• WG 1 Phenomenology of knowledge
spaces• WG 4 Data curation & navigation
Social scientists• Simulating user behavior• WG 2 Theory of
knowledge spaces• WG 4 Data curation &
navigationComputer scientists • Semantic web, data models• WG 1 Phenomenology of Knowledge Spaces• WG 4 Data curation &navigation
Physicists, mathematicians
Digital humanities scholars• Collections, interactive design• WG 3 Visual analytics – knowledge
maps• WG 4 Data curation & navigation
Participating communities
• Structure & evolution of complex knowledge spaces, big data mining
• WG 2 Theory of knowledge spaces
• WG 3 Visual analytics – knowledge mapswww.knowescape.org
Digital Humanities as transient innovation
With Sally Wyatt, June 2015
dans.knaw.nlDANS is an institute of KNAW en NWO
Thanks for your attention!
Twitter: @knowescape; Mendeley
