Chad Orzel Department of Physics and Astronomy

Union College Schenectady, NY

What’s So Interesting About AMO Physics?

http://slideshare.net/orzelc

Why This Talk? 2001 DAMOP/ DAMP Meeting

3-4 parallel sessions

270 talks, 293 posters

2011 DAMOP Meeting

6-7 parallel sessions

477 talks, 548 posters

http://slideshare.net/orzelc

Categories Five rough groups of invited sessions:

I) Ultra-Cold Matter

II) Extreme Lasers

III) Quantum Phenomena

IV) “Traditional” AMO Physics

V) Precision Measurement

Laser cooling, Bose-Einstein Condensation, optical lattices

Ultra-fast lasers (femto-, atto-second), ultra-intense lasers

Quantum measurement, information, communications

Atomic and molecular collisions, spectroscopy

Fundamental symmetry tests, atomic clocks

Thesis Prize Session C6: Tuesday 6/14, 2PM, Room A706 (This room, after lunch)

Novel Systems and Methods for Quantum Communication, Quantum Computation, and Quantum Simulation Alexey Gorshkov Bright Attosecond Soft and Hard X-ray Supercontinua Tenio Popmintchev Many-body physics with ultracold bosons in 1D geometry Elmar Haller First practical application of quantum weak measurements, used to perform the first experimental investigations of the Spin Hall Effect of Light Onur Hosten

(I, III)

(II)

(I)

(III)

“Hot Topics” Session U6: Friday 6/17 10:30 AM Room A706

Atom Trap Trace Analysis Zheng-Tian Lu Improved Measurement of the Electron EDM E.A. Hinds Sequential Double Ionization: The Timing of Release A.N. Pfeiffer 14-qubit entanglement: creation and coherence Julio Barreiro

(V, I)

(V)

(II, IV)

(III, I)

Ultra-Cold Matter Invited Talk Sessions:

Wed:

Thurs:

Fri:

H4: Focus: Phases of Strongly Interacting Cold Gases J4: Atom Circuits

M6: Focus: In-situ Imaging of Ultracold Atomic Gases N6: Ultracold Molecules P6: Few-body Ultracold Systems

T2: Non-Equilibrium and Cooperativity in Ultracold Systems T6: Focus: Synthetic Gauge Fields in Ultracold Systems U4: Cold Rydberg Gases

Ultracold Gases

First Rb BEC, JILA, 1995

Laser Cooling

Use light forces to slow atomic motion

Collect large numbers of atoms in MOT (neutral atoms, ions)

T~1-100 µK (0.1-10 neV)

Evaporative Cooling

Remove high-energy atoms from sample

Increase in phase-space density

Bose-Einstein Condensation at Tc ~ 1nK

Na MOT, NIST

BEC in Optical Lattices

from: I. Bloch, Nature Physics 1, 23 - 30 (2005) doi:10.1038/nphys138

Competition between tunneling and collisions

†

,

1ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ( 1)2i j i i

i j iH J a a U n n= − + −∑ ∑

Tunneling between lattice sites On-site

Interactions

Phase transition: Superfluid Mott Insulator

Use interference/holography to make periodic potential for cold atoms

Depths ~1-100 ER

In-Situ Lattice Imaging Combine 2-D optical lattice with high-resolution imaging

Image individual lattice sites

From J.F. Sherson et al Nature 467, 68 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature09378

In-Situ Imaging

From W.S. Bakr et al, Science 329 547-550 (2010) DOI: 10.1126/science.1192368

Monitor phase transition through site occupation

Single-Site Control

From C. Weitenburg et al., Nature 471, 319 (2011) doi:10.1038/nature09827

Extreme Lasers Invited Talk Sessions: Tues:

Thurs:

Fri:

C2: Ultrafast and Intense X-Rays

J6: Attosecond Spectroscopy

M4: Focus: Recollision Physics

P2: Focus: Time-resolved Spectroscopy with HHG and FEL

T4: Intense Field Physics

Wed:

High Harmonic Generation

1) Intense fs pulse ionizes target gas

2) Laser field accelerates electrons

3) Electron recombination produces EUV/ X-Ray light attosecond duration

From Chen et al. PRL 105, 173901 (2010)

From Popmintchev et al. DOI: 10.1038/Nphoton.2010.256

Pump-Probe Spectroscopy Intense IR pulse

1) Creates as EUV pulse

2) Excites target gas

Delay EUV pulse, measure absorption, photoemission

E. Goulielmakis et al Nature 466, 739 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature09212

Follow atomic, molecular dynamics on sub-fs time scales

J6: Attosecond Spectroscopy

Ultrafast Dynamics

E. Goulielmakis et al Nature 466, 739 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature09212

M. Schultze, et al. Science 328, 1658 (2010); DOI: 10.1126/science.1189401

Valence Electron Motion: Delay in photoemission of electron:

Quantum Phenomena Invited Talk Sessions:

Thurs:

H2: Focus: Advances in NV Centers

N4: Quantum Measurement and Control of Spin Ensembles

P4: Focus: Progress in Cavity Opto-Mechanics

Wed: K6: Advances in Quantum Communications

Quantum Communications

0 1

Qubits: 2-state systems

| 0 || 1α βΨ >= > + >

(spin-1/2, photon polarization, atomic levels)

Arbitrary superposition of 0 and 1

new possibilities for computation

Key issues: Decoherence Must preserve superposition

Scalability Must be able to add qubits

Quantum communication Connect qubits in different places

Entanglement and Communication

0 0 1 1

Entangled state:

State of one particle determined by state of other

12 1 2 1 2| 0 | 0 |1| |1α βΨ >= > > + > >

Correlation is non-local

Does not depend on distance between particles, measurement time

Quantum correlation stronger than possible classically

Bell Inequalities

Entanglement provides resource for communicating arbitrary states

Quantum Teleportation

Storage and Transmission

Store qubit in spin state of cold atoms Convert to telecom wavelength

100m optical fiber, convert back

S=2.64±0.12

Dudin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 260502 (2010) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.260502

5-σ Bell violation

Free-Space Teleportation

X. M. Jin et al Nature Photonics 4, 376 (2010) doi:10.1038/nphoton.2010.87

Send arbitrary state 16 km through free space, 87% fidelity

“Traditional” AMO Physics Invited Talk Sessions: Tues:

Thurs:

Fri:

C1: Positron-Matter Interactions and Antihydrogen

H6: Advances in Gaseous Electronics

M1: Focus: Photoionization Spectroscopy N6: AMO Science for Laboratory and Astrophysical Environments

T1: Focus: Electronic, Atomic, and Molecular Collision Studies

K1: Focus: Recent Advances in Collision Studies Wed:

“Traditional” AMO Spectroscopy, charged particle collisions, photoionization

Critically important for atmospheric and astrophysical processes

H6.00001 : Why isn't the atmosphere completely ionized? Thomas Miller, Boston College and AFRL

From H. Kreckel et al. Science 329, 69 (2010) DOI: 10.1126/science.1187191

N6: AMO Science for Laboratory and Astrophysical Environments

Trapped Antihydrogen Antiprotons, positrons combined in trap

Antihydrogen formed, trapped for 1000s

ALPHA Collaboration, Nature Physics (2011) doi:10.1038/nphys2025

Antihydrogen Beam Cusp trap for efficient extraction of spin-polarized beam

Goal of precision microwave spectroscopy

Y. Enomoto et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 243401 (2010) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.243401

Precision Measurement Invited Talk Sessions:

J2: Fundamental Symmetry Tests Wed:

Atom Trap Trace Analysis Zheng-Tian Lu Improved Measurement of the Electron EDM E.A. Hinds

U6: Hot Topics Fri:

Proton Size Laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen Lamb shift

Proton 4% smaller than CODATA value!!!

Pohl et al. Nature 466, 213 (2010) doi:10.1038/nature09250

Everyday Relativity Trapped Al+ ion “quantum logic” clocks

Measure relativistic shifts due to ion motion, elevation

Time dilation for v<10m/s 33cm change in elevation Chou et al. Science 329, 1630 (2010) DOI: 10.1126/science.1192720

What’s So Interesting About AMO Physics?

I) Ultracold atoms allow studies of superfluids, phase transitions with in-situ single-site monitoring

II) Ultrafast lasers and HHG allow studies of atomic and molecular dynamics on femto- and atto-second time scales

III) Quantum communication systems allow sharing and maniuplation of quantum information over long distances

IV) Understanding of charged-particle interactions allow improved astrophysical models, creation of antimatter

V) Ultra-precise laser spectroscopy allows laboratory tests of fundamental symmetry, searches for new physics

Undergraduate Institutions in DAMOP Reception

Wed., June 15 (tomorrow)

5:30-7:00 pm Room L508

For students, faculty, and potential/future faculty at undergraduate institutions

What’s So Interesting About AMO Physics?

I) Ultracold atoms allow studies of superfluids, phase transitions with in-situ single-site monitoring

II) Ultrafast lasers and HHG allow studies of atomic and molecular dynamics on femto- and atto-second time scales

III) Quantum communication systems allow sharing and maniuplation of quantum information over long distances

IV) Understanding of charged-particle interactions allow improved astrophysical models, creation of antimatter

V) Ultra-precise laser spectroscopy allows laboratory tests of fundamental symmetry, searches for new physics