Venipunture TESTS and ABBREVIATIONS

By:Tiffany Dragavon, CAS, LXMO, CPhT, MA

Allied Health Instructor

● NOTE TO PHLEBOTOMY CLASSOkay ladies...it is time to go further into venipuncture and discuss test

abbreviations and tubes that are used. Settle down, go through the powerpoint, then answer the questions that are assigned to you. Once completed....please work on your phlebotomy skills, glucose checks, tb

skin test, and hematocrits. The last hour, please work on the xmas door design.

NOTE: PLEASE STUDY for my RETURN....hopefully TUESDAY. We will discuss MORE tests at that time. I know you will do awesome. Got questions? Write me on ENGRADE...PUT YOUR BIG GIRL PANTIES ON AND LET'S DO THIS!...

P.S. I can see who is reading the slides :) so DO NOT skip reading them...

For those that missed the notes on Thursday...YOU can take the test TUESDAY. While OTHERs are taking...please review the notes on ENGRADE. LeLe can show you where the notes are..

POCT

● Point of Care Testing ● Tests performed on patient with results

available right away. Glucose, urinalysis and many of the tests phlebotomists perform in the lab are POCT.

QNS

● Quantity Not Sufficient – This is to be avoided at all costs!

– QNS is you didn't draw enough blood for the techs to test, you will have to re-draw your patient, which could involve having them return to the clinic!

BC or B/C

● Blood Culture – Blood cultures are run on patients that

are sick and we can't figure out why.

– Two, three or more bottles of blood are drawn and incubated to "amplify" the BBP (blood-borne pathogen) that is causing the problem in order to identify it.

– These are blood culture containers. The are glass.

–

FUO

● Fever of Unknown Origin ● This is the condition that normally

indicates a blood culture (B/C). The patient is at their most contagious, so PPEs are a must! It is also a sterile procedure, so it is always the first draw in a series.)

TDM

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (Measuring the levels of prescribed drugs

in the blood stream. Usually for peak (maximum) and trough

[troff] (minimum) levels.

For peak levels: draw 30 MINUTES after medication is given.

For trough levels: draw BEFORE new dose of medication. IF YOU GIVE DOSE

WHEN THERE IS TOO MUCH DRUG LEFT IN BLOOD....IT CAN BE TOXIC!

PP● Post Prandial (Latin for after a meal.)

– If you see an order for bloodwork to be drawn “PP”, then that means AFTER MEALS.

GTT● Glucose Tolerance Test● Test to determine how well a body metabolizes

carbohydrates. – Drawn into gray top tubes.

Procedure

1) A zero time (baseline) blood sample is drawn.

2) The patient is then given a measured dose (below) of glucose solution to drink within a 5 minute time frame.

3) Blood is drawn at intervals for measurement of glucose (blood sugar), and sometimes insulin levels. We draw blood at 2, 4, and 6 hours after drinking the solution . Some hospitals require just a baseline and the 2 hour test.

ETOH

● Chemical abbreviation for ethanol, which is to say blood alcohol.

– The test is normally drawn into a red top tube without using an alcohol prep pad and tape is wrapped around the tube to let the lab tech know it should remain air tight.

PKU

● Phenylketonuria– This is a condition that exists in some

newborns and can lead to developmental delays if not detected early.

ACD

● Acid Citrate Dextrose – This is the additive in the yellow tube

that is sent to the Blood Bank (immunohematology) for tissue typing/matching.

– The specimen type is Whole Blood ● (you do not spin this tube down)

– This is NOT the sterile tube used for Blood Cultures

EDTA● EthyleneDiamineTetraacetic

Acid – This is the anticoagulant

in lavender top tubes, which are tested by Hematology (3 and 5ml tubes)

– or the Blood Bank (immunohematology, 7ml tubes).

– The specimen type is Whole Blood.

APTT

● Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time– This is a test of the blood's ability to

coagulate. RE MEMBER: THROMBOCYTES are CLOTTING cells.

– It is drawn into a light blue top tube (draw a red PLAIN red top first to discard alcohol and tissue) and sent to Coagulation Department.

BT

● Bleeding Time● A POCT (Point of Care Test) performed

to measure how long it takes for bleeding to stop in a patient.

● Do you remember what to pump the BP cuff to?

– ANSWER: 40mmHg

PT● Pro-Time (Prothrombin Time)● This is another test the measures the

blood's ability to clot.

REMEMBER.....CLOTS STICK TOGETHER!

SST● Serum Separation

Tube● There are two types of

serum separation tubes: Marble Red and Gold (the SST twins).

● They have a clot activator (for serum) and gel (for separation)

PPT

● Plasma Separation Tube (Also called PPT or Plasma Preparation Tube).

● There are two types of plasma separation tubes: Marble Green and Mint (the PST twins).

● They have an anticoagulant (Lithium Hep, for plasma) and gel (for separation).

● REMEMBER TO SPIN DOWN! JUST LIKE THE SST TUBE!

ABG

● Arterial Blood Gases (This is a test that measures the levels of gases

● PCO2 (PULMONARY CARBON DIOXIDE) ● PO2(PULMONARY OXYGEN) in addition to

pH(acid) in arterial blood. ● WHAT DOES PULMONARY REFER TO?

CLUE: Pulmonary Artery● Phlebotomists do not collect arterial blood.

CBC-Complete Blood Count This is a "panel test”, which consists of seven individual sub-tests:

1.RBC- red blood cells

2.WBC- white blood cells

3. Plt- platelets

4. Hgb- Hemoglobin- iron-containing oxygen-transport protein in the red blood cell

5. Hct- Hematocrit- percentage (%) of red blood cells in blood

6.Diff -Differential- shows individual granulytes and agranulytes, how RBCs look, shape, and size. WE WILL DISCUSS LATER

7. ESR-erythrocyte sedimentation rate - It is a test that indirectly measures how much inflammation is in the body.

CHOLESTEROL TESTS:● CHOL-Cholesterol (fat in

blood)● HDL -High-Density

Lipoprotein ("good" cholesterol)

● LDL -Low-Density Lipoprotein ("bad" cholesterol)

THESE ARE DRAWN IN AN SST TUBE

ABO Bloodtyping

● Determines if you have A, B, AB, or O blood

● KENDRA...PLEASE SHOW YOUR POSTER AND EXPLAIN TO THE CLASS.

● THE “R” on these slides represent “Rh”

● -Rh stands for rhesus factor.

● This determines if your blood is POSITIVE or NEGATIVE.

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● JUST LIKE THE A and B slides, if the blood CLUMPS on the “R” section, then blood is POSITIVE. If it does not ….it is NEGATIVE!

CK● Creatine Kinase

– IF FOUND marks heart attack, severe muscle breakdown, muscular dystrophy and acute renal (KIDNEY) failure.)