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Treatment of Skin DiseaseCOMPREHENSIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Fourth Edition

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Content Strategist: Russell GabbedyContent Development Specialist: Joanne ScottContent Coordinator: Trinity HuttonProject Manager: Vinod Kumar IyyappanDesign: Christian J. BilbowIllustration Manager: Jennifer RoseMarketing Manager(s) (UK/USA): Gaynor Jones/Abigail Swartz

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MARK G. LEBWOHL, MD

Sol and Clara Kest Professor and ChairmanDepartment of DermatologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA

WARREN R. HEYMANN, MD

Professor of Medicine and PediatricsHead, Division of DermatologyCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ;Clinical Professor of DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

For additional online content visitexpertconsult.com

JOHN BERTH-JONES, FRCP

Consultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity HospitalCoventry, UK

IAN COULSON, BSc, MB, FRCP

Consultant DermatologistDermatology UnitBurnley General HospitalBurnley, UK

Fourth Edition

Treatment of Skin DiseaseCOMPREHENSIVE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

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SAUNDERS an imprint of Elsevier Limited.

© 2014, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.

First edition 2002Second edition 2006Third edition 2010

The right of Mark G. Lebwohl, Warren R. Heymann, John Berth-Jones, Ian Coulson to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

The chapters entitled ‘Bioterrorism’ and ‘Xeroderma Pigmentosum’ are in the public domain.

NoticesKnowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experi-ence and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

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ISBN: 978-0-7020-5235-4Ebook ISBN: 978-0-7020-5236-1Printed in ChinaLast digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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In the preface to the 3rd edition of Treatment of Skin Disease we expressed the hope that medical progress would continue at such a rapid pace that we would soon need a 4th edition. Our hopes have come to fruition. The list of new treatments that have changed the practice of dermatology in only the last few years is extraordinary. Vismodegib, an oral hedgehog inhibitor, has changed the lives of patients with catastrophic basal cell carci-noma. We finally have two new agents for the treatment of meta-static melanoma: ipilimumab and vemurafenib. Many more therapies targeting melanoma are on the way. Apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, target various components of the immune system without the nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine or the liver and bone marrow toxicity of methotrexate. These agents are promising not only for psoriasis but also for other immune-mediated skin dis-eases such as atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. New topical therapies on the horizon include Janus kinase inhibitors for psoriasis and eczema, and ingenol mebutate has been intro-duced for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Biologic agents that give us the opportunity to target very small components of the immune system were originally introduced for psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, but have led to changes in all of medicine. Treatments introduced for psoriasis are now used for sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and a long list of other conditions. Off label uses of these agents for other skin diseases such as pyoderma gangrenosum, hidradenitis sup-purativa, granuloma annulare, and Behçet’s disease are common. These are only a few of the many conditions that we are now able

Preface

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to treat more safely and effectively with biologic therapies, and the list of new biologic therapies in development is long and growing.

In this current edition we continue to report evidence levels, and we have asked our authors to report dosages and frequency of therapies so that the practicing dermatologist can easily turn to the chapter on any disorder and figure out precisely what to prescribe for problem patients. In addition, the 4th edition includes new chapters on dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, bedbugs, erosive pustular dermatosis, jelly fish stings, and poly-cystic ovary syndrome.

We are delighted that Treatment of Skin Disease has been trans-lated into Portuguese, Polish, and Chinese so that even more physicians and patients can benefit from the information in our book. We are also pleased that the online and print versions of Treatment of Skin Disease are both widely used.

As in prior editions, we have stated that our goal is to help the clinician who asks the question ‘Now what do I do?’ when faced with therapeutic quandaries. We hope that the 4th edition will be a valuable source of support to our colleagues in the manage-ment of their patients.

Mark S. Lebwohl, MDWarren R. Heymann, MD

John Berth-Jones, FRCPIan Coulson, BSc, MB, FRCP

2013

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Anthony Abdullah, BSc (Hons), MBChB (Hons), FRCP, DTM&HConsultant DermatologistThe Birmingham Skin CentreSandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS TrustBirmingham, UK

Shehla Admani, MDFellowPediatric and Adolescent DermatologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego and Rady Children’s HospitalSan Diego, CA, USA

Imtiaz Ahmed, MBBS, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry and WarwickshireCoventry, UK

Anwar Al Hammadi, MD, FRCPCConsultant and Head of DermatologyRashid HospitalClinical Associate Professor of DermatologyDubai Medical CollegeDubai, United Arab Emirates

Caroline P. Allen, MA, MBBS, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyChurchill HospitalOxford, UK

Robert A. Allen, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA

Mahreen Ameen, MBBS, MA, MSc, MRCP, MDConsultant DermatologistRoyal Free London NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK

Sadegh Amini, MDDermatologistDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA

Bryan E. Anderson, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical CenterHershey, PA, USA

List of Contributors

Grant J. Anhalt, MDProfessor of Dermatology and PathologyDepartment of DermatologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA

Cynthia O. Anyanwu, BSGeorgetown University School of MedicineWashington, DC, USA

Mouhammad Aouthmany, MD, MHSADermatologistDepartment of DermatologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolis, IN, USA

Arif M. Aslam, MBChB, MRCP, MRCGPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologySalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UK

E. Eugene Bain, III, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyState University of New York at BuffaloBuffalo, NY, USA

Donald J. Baker, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of MedicineDivision of DermatologyCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityGibbsboro, NJ, USA

Waseem Bakkour, MD, MSc, MRCP (UK)DermatologistThe Dermatology CentreSalford Royal HospitalManchester, UK

David Banach, MD, MPHAssistant Professor of MedicineInfectious Diseases SectionDepartment of MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA

Robert L. Baran, MDHonorary Professor of DermatologyUniversity of Franche-ComtéBesançon;Nail Disease CenterCannes, France

Melissa C. Barkham, MRCPConsultant DermatologistAshford and St. Peter’s HospitalSt. Peter’s Hospital, Surrey, UK

Tanya N. Basu, MA, PhD, MRCPDermatologistDermatology DepartmentChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondon, UK

Ysabel M. Bello, MDVoluntary Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA

Emma Benton, MBChB, MRCPConsultant DermatologistSt. John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS TrustLondon, UK

Wilma F. Bergfeld, MD, FAADProfessor of Dermatology and PathologySenior DermatologistCleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA

Eric Berkowitz, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Medicine (Dermatology)Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NY, USA

Brian Berman, MD, PhDCo-DirectorCenter Clinical and Cosmetic ResearchAventura, FL;Voluntary Professor of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA

Jeffrey D. Bernhard, MD, FRCP (Edin)Professor EmeritusUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, USA

John Berth-Jones, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity HospitalCoventry, UK

Anthony Bewley, BA (Hons), MBChB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistRoyal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon, UK

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Chinmoy Bhate, MDDermatologistDermatologyRutgers University New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA

Bhavnit K. Bhatia, BARush Medical CollegeRush University Medical CenterChicago, IL, USA

Jonathan E. Blume, MDClinical Instructor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, NY, USA

Gary J. Brauner, MDAssociate Clinical Professor of DermatologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA

Robert T. Brodell, MDProfessor and ChairDepartment of DermatologyProfessor of PathologyUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson, MS, USA

Marc D. Brown, MDProfessor of Dermatology and OncologyDivision of Dermatologic SurgeryUniversity of Rochester School of MedicineRochester, NY, USA

Robert M. Burd, MBChB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyLeicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester, UK

Anne E. Burdick, MD, MPHProfessor of DermatologyDirectorLeprosy ProgramAssociate Dean for TeleHealth and Clinical OutreachUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA

Susan M. Burge, OBE, DM, FRCPHonorary Consultant DermatologistOxford University HospitalsOxford, UK

Jeffrey P. Callen, MD, FACP, FAADProfessor of Medicine (Dermatology)ChiefDivision of DermatologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, USA

Ivan D. Camacho, MDPrivate PracticeMiami, FL;Voluntary Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of MiamiMiami, FL, USA

Caren Campbell, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA

Daniel Caplivski, MDDirectorTravel Medicine ProgramAssociate ProfessorDivision of Infectious DiseasesMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Mitchell S. Cappell, MD, PhDProfessor of MedicineOakland UniversityWilliam Beaumont School of MedicineChief, Division of Gastroenterology & HepatologyWilliam Beaumont HospitalRoyal Oak, MI, USA

John A. Carucci, MD, PhDChief, Mohs Micrographic and Dermatologic SurgerySection of Dermatologic SurgeryRonald O. Perelman Department of DermatologyNYU-Langone Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Genevieve A. Casey, BBus, BCom, MBBSClinical FellowDepartment of DermatologyChurchill HospitalOxford, UK

Leslie Castelo-Soccio, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of Pediatrics and DermatologyThe Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of PennsylvaniaPerlman School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA

Preston W. Chadwick, MDPhysicianDivision of DermatologyCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA

Robert J.G. Chalmers, MB, FRCPHonorary Consultant DermatologistThe Dermatology CentreUniversity of ManchesterSalford Royal HospitalManchester, UK

Loi-Yuen Chan, MBBS, MRCPI, Dip Derm (London), FHKAMPrivate PracticeHong Kong, China

Lawrence S. Chan, MDProfessor and HeadDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Illinois College of MedicineChicago, IL, USA

Pamela Chayavichitsilp, MDDermatologistDivision of DermatologyUniversity of California at San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA

Jennifer K. Chen, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyStanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA

Fiona J. Child, BSc, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistSkin Tumour UnitSt. John’s Institute of DermatologyGuy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK

Anthony C. Chu, FRCPProfessor of Dermatologic OncologyBuckingham University;Consultant DermatologistImperial Health Care trustHammersmith HospitalLondon, UK

Timothy H. Clayton, FRCP (Edin), MBChB, MRCPCHConsultant Paediatric DermatologistRoyal Manchester Children’s HospitalThe Centre for DermatologySalford Royal Foundation NHS TrustManchester, UK

Steven R. Cohen, MD, MPHProfessor and ChiefDivision of DermatologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Elizabeth A. Cooper, BSc, BEScClinical Research ManagerMediprobe Research Inc.London, ON, Canada

Susan M. Cooper, MB, ChB, MD, FRCPDermatology ConsultantOxford University HospitalsOxford, UK

Ian Coulson, BSc, MB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDermatology UnitBurnley General HospitalBurnley, UK

Shawn E. Cowper, MDAssociate Professor of Dermatology and PathologyDermatopathology ServiceDepartment of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA

Nicholas M. Craven, BM, BCh, MA, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS TrustCity General HospitalStoke-on-Trent, UK

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List of C

ontributors

tDaniel Creamer, BSc, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyKing’s College HospitalLondon, UK

Ponciano D. Cruz, Jr, MDProfessor and Vice ChairDepartment of DermatologyThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA

Carol Cunningham, MB, BCh, BAO (Hons), MRCPI, MRCP (UK) (Dermatology)DermatologistDepartment of DermatologySalford Royal Foundation TrustManchester, UK

Carrie Ann R. Cusack, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA

Mark D. P. Davis, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyMayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA

Rosie Davis, BMBS, MRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of Dermatology,Torbay HospitalSouth Devon Foundation NHS TrustTorquay, UK

Robert S. Dawe, MBChB, MD, FRCPConsultant Dermatologist & Honorary Reader in DermatologyPhotobiology UnitDepartment of DermatologyNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundee, UK

David P. D’Cruz, MD, FRCPProfessor and Consultant RheumatologistThe Louise Coote Lupus UnitSt. Thomas’ HospitalLondon, UK

David de Berker, BA, MBBS, MRCPConsultant Dermatologist and Honorary Senior LecturerBristol Dermatology CentreBristol Royal Infirmary HospitalBristol, UK

Danielle M. DeHoratius, MDClinical AssociateDepartment of DermatologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Nisha C. Desai, MDDermatologistNorth Shore MedicalGroup Skokie, IL, USA

John J. DiGiovanna, MDStaff ClinicianDNA Repair SectionDermatology BranchCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA

Alexander Doctoroff, DO, MSClinical Assistant Professor of DermatologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew York, NY;Medical DirectorMetropolitan DermatologyClark, NJ, USA

Lawrence F. Eichenfield, MDProfessor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology)ChiefPediatric and Adolescent DermatologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego and Rady Children’s HospitalSan Diego, CA, USA

Drore Eisen, MD, DDSPrivate PracticeDermatology Associates of CincinnatiCincinnati, OH, USA

Ure Eke, MBChB, MRCP (Derm)DermatologistDermatology DepartmentUniversity Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventry, UK

Dirk M. Elston, MDDirectorAckerman Academy of DermatopathologyNew York, NY, USA

Patrick O.M. Emanuel, MBChBAssociate ProfessorDepartment of PathologyUniversity of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand

Jason J. Emer, MDPhysicianDepartment of DermatologyMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Lindsay A. Eminger, MDDermatologistDivision of DermatologyDepartment of MedicineCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA

Shaheen H. Ensanyat, BScThe Tisch Cancer InstituteThe Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Anna F. Falabella, MD, CWSVoluntary Associate ProfessorDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA

Matthew Fanelli, MDPhysicianDepartment of DermatologyDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA

Nina R. Farquharson, MBChB, MRCP (UK)DermatologistThe Dermatology CentreSalford Royal HospitalManchester, UK

Terry T. Farsani, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyHarvard University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA

Nicole Fett, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Pamela Fiandeiro, MBChB, MRCPClinical FellowDepartment of DermatologySt. John’s Institute of DermatologySt. Thomas’ HospitalLondon, UK

Andrew Y. Finlay, CBE, FRCPProfessorDepartment of Dermatology and Wound HealingInstitute of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiff, UK

Bahar F. Firoz, MD MPHDermatologistDermatology Surgery FellowDermSurgery AssociatesHouston, TX, USA

Elnaz F. Firoz, BADermatologistColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsShort Hills, NJ, USA

James E. Fitzpatrick, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado DenverAurora, CO, USA

Amy E. Flischel, MDAssistant Program DirectorDepartment of DermatologyNaval Medical Center San DiegoSan Diego, CA, USA

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Derek Freedman, MD, FRCPIGenitourinary PhysicianGUIDE ClinicSt. James’ HospitalDublin, Ireland

Philip Friedlander, MD, PhDAssistant Professor of MedicineDepartment of Hematology and OncologyDepartment of DermatologyThe Tisch Cancer InstituteMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Adam Friedman, MDAssistant Professor of Medicine (Dermatology)Assistant Professor of Physiology and BiophysicsDirector of Dermatologic ResearchDivision of DermatologyMontefiore-Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NY, USA

Brian S. Fuchs, MPH, MDDermatologistDepartment of PsychiatryMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Eri Fukaya, MD, PhDVascular Medicine FellowDepartment of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

L. Claire Fuller, MA, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDermatology DepartmentChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondon, UK

Joanna E. Gach, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity HospitalCoventry, UK

Anjela Galan, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and PathologyDermatopathology ServiceDepartment of DermatologyYale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA

Sarah E. Gamboni, BSc (Hons), BMBSDermatology Research FellowOccupational Dermatology Research and Education CentreSkin and Cancer FoundationCarlton, VIC, Australia

Loma S. Gardner, BSc (Med Sci), MBChB, MRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyTameside Hospital NHS Foundation TrustAshton under Lyne, UK

Amit Garg, MD, FAADAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyBoston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA

Reed M. Garza, MDPhysicianDepartment of Internal MedicineProvidence Sacred Heart HospitalSpokane, WA, USA

Joel M. Gelfand, MD, MSCEAssociate Professor of DermatologyAssociate Professor of EpidemiologyMedical DirectorDermatology Clinical Studies UnitSenior ScholarCenter for Clinical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Carlo Gelmetti, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, Italy

Leonard H. Goldberg, MD, FRCPMedical Director and Chief of SurgeryDermSurgery Associates PAClinical Professor in DermatologyUniversity of Texas Medical School Houston, TX;Clinical ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyWeill Medical College of Cornell University;DirectorProcedural Dermatology FellowshipThe Methodist HospitalHouston, TX, USA

Mark J.D. Goodfield, MD FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyLeeds General InfirmaryLeeds, UK

Marsha L. Gordon, MDProfessor and Vice ChairmanDepartment of DermatologyMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Rachel A. Gordon, MDClinical Research FellowCenter for Clinical StudiesHouston, TX, USA

Robin A.C. Graham-Brown, BSc, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPCHEmeritus Consultant and Honorary Senior Lecturer in DermatologyUniversity Hospitals of LeicesterLeicester, UK

Clive E.H. Grattan, MA, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDermatology CentreNorfolk and Norwich University HospitalNorfolk, UK

Malcolm W. Greaves, MD, PhD, FRCPEmeritus Professor of DermatologyConsultant Specialist in Dermatology and AllergyCutaneous Allergy ClinicSt. John’s Institute of DermatologySt. Thomas’ HospitalLondon, UK

Justin J. Green, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of MedicineDivision of DermatologyCooper Medical of Rowan UniversityMarlton, NJ, USA

Kurt W. Grelck, DO, FAOCDDermatologistDermatology Associates of WisconsinStevens Point, WI, USA

Christopher E.M. Griffiths, MD, FRCP, FMedSciProfessor of DermatologyDermatology CentreSalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchester, UK

Charles A. Gropper, MDClinical Associate Professor of DermatologyMount Sinai School of MedicineChief of DermatologySaint Barnabas HospitalNew York, NY, USA

Jaime R. GropperDepartment of DermatologyThe Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Jacqueline A. Guidry, MDDepartment of DermatologyBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA

Aditya K. Gupta, MD, PhD, MA (Cantab), MBA, MBA/HCM, CCI, CCTI, CCRP, FAAD, FRCP(C)ProfessorUniversity of Toronto Department of MedicineToronto, ON;DirectorMediprobe Research Inc.London, ON, Canada

Ahmed S. Hadi, MDDermatologistThe Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

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List of C

ontributors

tSuhail M. Hadi, MD, MPhilAssistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyThe Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Bethany R. Hairston, MDPrivate PracticeThe Dermatology ClinicColumbus, MS, USA

Analisa Vincent Halpern, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of DermatologyDepartment of MedicineCooper Medical of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA

Caroline Halverstam, MDAssistant Professor and DirectorDermatology SectionMontefiore-Wakefield Medical CenterDivision of DermatologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NY, USA

Susan E. Handfield-Jones, BM, FRCPRetiredFormerly: Department of DermatologyWest Suffolk HospitalBury St. Edmunds, UK

Shannon Harrison, MBBS, MMed, FACDHonorary Clinical LecturerDepartment of DermatologySt Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneMelbourne, VIC, Australia

Adrian H.M. Heagerty, BSc, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologySolihull HospitalWest Midlands, UK

Adelaide A. Hebert, MDProfessorDepartments of Dermatology and PediatricsThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston, TX, USA

Stephen E. Helms, MDAssociate Professor of Internal MedicineNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineWarren, OH, USA

Camile L. Hexsel, MDDermatologistMohs/Procedural Dermatology FellowDermSurgery Associates and the Methodist HospitalHouston, TX, USA;InvestigatorBrazilian Center for Studies in DermatologyPorto Alegre, Brazil

Doris M. Hexsel, MDInstructorDepartment of DermatologyPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulInvestigatorBrazilian Center for Studies in DermatologyPorto Alegre, Brazil

Warren R. Heymann, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsHead, Division of DermatologyCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ;Clinical Professor of DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Elisabeth M. Higgins, MA, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyKing’s College HospitalLondon, UK

Whitney A. High, MD, JD, MEngAssociate Professor, Dermatology & PathologyVice Chairman of Clinical Affairs, DermatologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineDenver, CO, USA

Herbert Hönigsmann, MDProfessor of DermatologyEmeritus ChairmanDepartment of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaVienna, Austria

Marcelo G. Horenstein, MDDirectorDepartment of PathologyThe Dermatology GroupWest Orange, NJ, USA

Andrea Hui, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, NY, USA

Frances Humphreys, MBBS, FRCPConsultant DermatologistHonorary Associate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyWarwick HospitalWarwick, UK

Ran Huo, MDDermatologistDepartment of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami, FL, USA

Sally H. Ibbotson, BSc, MBChB, MD, FRCPEClinical Senior Lecturer in Photobiology & Honorary Consultant DermatologistPhotobiology UnitDepartment of DermatologyNinewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundee, UK

Sherrif F. Ibrahim, MD, PhDAssistant Professor, DermatologyDivision of Dermatologic SurgeryUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY, USA

Andrew Ilchyshyn, MBChB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventry, UK

Stefania Jablonska, MDProfessor Emeritus of DermatologyMedical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland

Heidi T. Jacobe, MD, MSCSAssociate ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA

William D. James, MDPaul R. Gross ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyHospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Aysha Javed, MBChB, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologySalford Royal Hospital Foundation TrustManchester, UK

Gregor B.E. Jemec, MD, DMScProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyRoskilde HospitalHealth Sciences FacultyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark

Graham A. Johnston, MBChB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyLeicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester, UK

Stephen K. Jones, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistWirral Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation TrustWirral, UK

Jacqueline M. Junkins-Hopkins, MDSenior DermatologistDermpath DiagnosticsAckerman Academy of DermatopathologyNew York, NY, USA

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Wolfgang Jurecka, MDProfessor of Dermatology and HeadDepartment of DermatologyWilhelminenspital der Stadt WienVienna, Austria

Jessica A. Kaffenberger, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyPenn State Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterHershey, PA, USA

Antonios Kanelleas, MD, PhDConsultant Dermatologist1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology‘A. Sygros’ Hospital for Skin and Venereal DiseasesUniversity of Athens School of MedicineAthens, Greece

Christos Kasparis, MBChB, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyWarwick HospitalWarwick, UK

Ruwani P. Katugampola, BM, MRCP, MDConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiff, UK

Bruce E. Katz, MDClinical ProfessorDirector, Cosmetic Surgery and Laser ClinicMount Sinai Medical CenterDirectorJuva Skin and Laser CenterNew York, NY, USA

Martin Keefe, DM, FRCP, FNZDSConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyChristchurch HospitalChristchurch, New Zealand

Murtaza Khan, MBBS, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospitals Coventry & WarwickshireCoventry, UK

Hooman Khorasani, MDChiefDivision of Mohs, Reconstructive & Cosmetic SurgeryCo-DirectorProcedural Dermatology FellowshipDepartment of DermatologyThe Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Kevin F. Kia, MDClinical Assistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA

George G. Kihiczak, MDInstructorDermatologyNew York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Ellen J. Kim, MDAssociate Professor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Brian Kirby, MD, FRCPIfConsultant Dermatologist and Associate Clinical ProfessorSt. Vincent’s University Hospital and University College DublinDublin, Ireland

Joslyn S. Kirby, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyPenn State College of MedicineHershey Medical CenterHershey, PA, USA

Rachel S. Klein, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Kate Kleydman, DOMohs/Procedural Dermatology FellowDepartment of DermatologyDivision of Mohs, Reconstructive & Cosmetic SurgeryThe Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Justine Kluk, MBChB, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyRoyal Free HospitalLondon, UK

Sandra R. Knowles, BScPhm, RPhDrug Safety PharmacistDepartments of Pharmacy and Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology)Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto, ON, Canada

Dimitra Koch, MD, MRCP (UK)Consultant DermatologistDorset County HospitalDorchester, Dorset, UK

John Y.M. Koo, MD, FAADProfessor and Vice ChairmanDepartment of DermatologyDirectorPsoriasis and Skin Treatment CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, USA

Sandra A. Kopp, MDClinical InstructorDepartment of DermatologyThe Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Neil J. Korman, MD, PhDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospitals Case Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA

Kenneth H. Kraemer, MDSenior InvestigatorChief, DNA Repair SectionDermatology BranchCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA

Bernice R. Krafchik, MBChB, FRCP(C)Professsor EmeritusPediatrics and MedicineUniversity of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada

Andrew C. Krakowski, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology)Division of Pediatric and Adolescent DermatologyUniversity of California;Rady Children’s Hospital San DiegoSan Diego CA, USA

Karthik Krishnamurthy, DOAssistant ProfessorAlbert Einstein College of MedicineDirector of DermatologyJacobi Medical CenterBronx, NY, USA

Knut Kvernebo, MD, PhD, FRCSProfessor of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOslo University HospitalOslo UniversityOslo, Norway

Maricarr Pamela M. Lacuesta, MD, DPDSConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologySouthern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City, Philippines

James Lee Landero, DODermatologistWellington Regional Medical CenterInternal Medicine BCWellington, FL, USA

Charlene Lam, MD, MPHDermatologistPenn State College of Medicine Hershey Medical CenterHershey, PA, USA

James A.A. Langtry, MBBS, FRCPConsultant Dermatologist and Dermatological SurgeonDepartment of DermatologyRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle Upon Tyne, UK

Amir A. Larian, MDClinical InstructorDepartment of DermatologyMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

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ontributors

tFrances Lawlor, MD, FRCP, FRCPI, DCHConsultant DermatologistDivision of AllergySt. Thomas’ HospitalLondon, UK

Clifford M. Lawrence, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistRoyal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle Upon Tyne, UK

Naomi Lawrence, MDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of MedicineCooper University HospitalMarlton, NJ, USA

Mark G. Lebwohl, MDSol and Clara Kest Professor and ChairmanDepartment of DermatologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA

Oscar Lebwohl, MDClinical Professor of MedicineDepartment of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York, NY, USA

Robert E. Lee, MDDermatologistDermatologyRutgers University New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA

Julia S. Lehman, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartments of Dermatology and Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochester, MN, USA

Stuart R. Lessin, MDProfessor EmeritusFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Jacob O. Levitt, MDAssociate Professor, Vice Chairman, and Residency DirectorDepartment of DermatologyThe Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Fiona M. Lewis, MD, FRCPConsultant DermatologistHeatherwood and Wexham NHS TrustSlough and St. John’s Institute of DermatologySt. Thomas’ HospitalLondon, UK

Michael P. Loosemore, MD, FAADStaff PhysicianDermatologic and Mohs Micrographic SurgeryMission HospitalAsheville, NC, USA

Thomas A. Luger, MDProfessor and ChairmanDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of MünsterMünster, Germany

Boris D. Lushniak, MD, MPHDeputy Surgeon GeneralOffice of the Surgeon GeneralUS Public Health ServiceWashington, DC, USA

Calum C. Lyon, MA, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyYork HospitalYork, UK

Chrystalla Macedo, MBBS, BSc, MRCPDermatologistChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondon, UK

Jeffrey Mailhot, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of DermatologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA, USA

Slawomir Majewski, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland

Richard B. Mallett, MB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDermatologyPeterborough City HospitalPeterborough, UK

Steven M. Manders, MDProfessor of Medicine and PediatricsDivision of DermatologyCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA

Ranon Mann, MDInstructor of MedicineDepartment of DermatologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Yasaman Mansouri, MD, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyHeart of England NHS Foundation TrustSolihull HospitalSolihull, UK

David J. Margolis, MD, PhDProfessorDepartments of Dermatology and Epidemiology and BiostatisticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Sarah MarkoffDepartment of DermatologyThe Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Orit Markowitz, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyMount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Ellen S. Marmur, MDAssociate ProfessorThe Mount Sinai Medical CenterNew York, NY, USA

Najat A.Y. Marraiki, BSc, MSc, PhDAssociate Professor in Immunology, Virology, and MicrobiologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia

Jeremy R. Marsden, FRCPConsultant DermatologistUniversity Hospital BirminghamBirmingham, UK

Agustin Martin-Clavijo, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyGeorge Eliot HospitalNuneaton, UK

Thiviyani Maruthappu, MRCPDermatologistSpR DermatologyImperial Health Care TrustHammersmith HospitalLondon, UK

Rana Majd Mays, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA

Calvin O. McCall, MDChiefDermatology SectionHunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyVirginia Commonwealth University Medical CenterRichmond, VA, USA

Andrew J.G. McDonagh, MBChB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistHonorary Reader in DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyRoyal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield, UK

Sean C. McElligott, MDDermatologistDermatologyRutgers University New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA

Eirini E. Merika, MBBS, IBSc, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyChelsea and Westminster HospitalLondon, UK

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Giuseppe Micali, MDProfessor and ChairmanDermatology ClinicUniversity of CataniaCatania, Italy

Leslie G. Millard, MDConsultant DermatologistHathersage, UK

Christian R. Millett, MDDermatologistDermatology CenterWashington, DC, USA

Alex Milligan, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyRoyal Alexandra HospitalPaisley, UK

Daniel Mimouni, MDAssociate Professor and ChairmanDepartment of DermatologySackler Faculty of MedicineTel-Aviv UniversityTel-Aviv, Israel

Ginat W. Mirowski, DMD, MD, FAADAdjunct Associate ProfessorDepartment of Oral Pathology, Medicine RadiologyIndiana University School of DentistryIndianapolis, IN, USA

Sonja Molin, MDDermatologistDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany

Anuradha Lele Mookerjee, MBBS, MPH, FACPAssistant Professor of MedicineCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA

Adisbeth Morales-Burgos, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Puerto Rico School of MedicineSan Juan, Puerto Rico

Warwick L. Morison, MBBS, MD, FRCPProfessorDepartment of DermatologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA

Cato Mørk, MD, PhDProfessorInstitute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine;Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)Trondheim, Norway

Laurel M. Morton, MDPhysicianDepartment of DermatologyBoston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA

Richard J. Motley, MA, MD, FRCPConsultant in Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryWelsh Institute of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiff, UK

Megan Mowbray, BSc (Hons), MD, FRCP (Edin)Consultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyQueen Margaret HospitalDunfermline, UK

Eavan G. Muldoon, MBBCh, MD, MRCPIFellowDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious DiseasesTufts Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA

Anna E. Muncaster, MBChB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyRotherham General HospitalRotherham, UK

George J. Murakawa, MD, PhDProfessorDepartment of Internal MedicineMichigan State UniversitySomerset Skin Centre/DermCenterTroy, MI, USA

Jenny E. Murase, MDAssistant Clinical ProfessorUniversity of California, San FranciscoDirector of PhototherapyDepartment of DermatologyPalo Alto Foundation Medical GroupSan Francisco, CA, USA

Michele E. Murdoch, BSc, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyWatford General HospitalWatford, UK

Rajani Nalluri, MBBS, MRCPCH, DiPDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyNorthwestern DeaneryManchester, UK

Glen R. Needham, PhDAssociate ProfessorDepartment of EntomologyCenter for Life Sciences EducationThe Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH, USA

Kenneth H. Neldner, MDProfessor and Chairman EmeritusDepartment of DermatologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbock, TX, USA

Glenn C. Newell, MD, FACPAssociate Professor of MedicineCooper Medical School at Rowan UniversityCamden, NJ, USA

John Newsham, BSc (Hons), MBChB, MRCP (UK)DermatologistThe Dermatology CentreSalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UK

Julia Newton-Bishop, MD, FRCPProfessor of DermatologyUniversity of LeedsLeeds, UK

Rosemary L. Nixon, BSc (Hons), MPH, FACD, FAFOEMAdjunct Clinical Associate ProfessorMonash University;Honorary Associate ProfessorUniversity of Melbourne;DirectorOccupational Dermatology Research and Education CentreSkin and Cancer FoundationCarlton, VIC, Australia

Carlos H. Nousari, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of RochesterRochester, New YorkUniversity of MiamiMiami, FL, USA

Stephanie Ogden, MBChB, PhDConsultant DermatologistThe Dermatology CentreUniversity of ManchesterSalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustManchester, UK

Caroline M. Owen, MBChB, FRCPConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyRoyal Blackburn HospitalBlackburn, UK

Cindy E. Owen, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of DermatologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA

Omar Pacha, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyThe University of Texas Health Sciences CenterHouston, TX, USA

Roy A. Palmer, MA, MRCP, PhDConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyKing Edward VII HospitalWindsor, UK

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ontributors

tJennifer L. Parish, MDAssistant Professor of Dermatology and Cutaneous BiologyJefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Lawrence Charles Parish, MD, MD (Hon)Clinical Professor of Dermatology and Cutaneous BiologyDirector of the Jefferson Center for International DermatologyJefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Gopi Patel, MD, MSAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Gary L. Peck, MDDirector EmeritusMelanoma CenterWashington Cancer InstituteWashington Hospital CenterWashington, DC, USA

Frederick A. Pereira, MDAssistant Clinical Professor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

William Perkins, MBBS, FRCPConsultant DermatologistQueens Medical CentreNottingham, UK

Clifford S. Perlis, MD, MBeAssistant ProfessorFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Erik T. Petersen, BSUniversity of Texas Medical School at HoustonHouston, TX, USA

Robert G. Phelps, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyProfessor of PathologyDepartment of PathologyMount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA

Tania J. Phillips, MD, MRCP, FRCPCProfessorDepartment of DermatologyBoston University School of MedicineBoston, MA, USA

Bianca Maria Piraccini, MD, PhDDepartment of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty MedicineDivision of DermatologyUniversity of BolognaBologna, Italy

Maureen B. Poh-Fitzpatrick, MDProfessor Emerita and Special LecturerDepartment of DermatologyColumbia University College of Physicians & SurgeonsNew York, NY;Professor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Tennessee College of MedicineMemphis, TN, USA

Pierluigi Porcu, MDAssociate Professor of Internal MedicineDivision of HematologyThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterArthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research InstituteColumbus, OH, USA

James B. Powell, BSc, MRCP (UK)DermatologistDepartment DermatologyAlexandra HospitalWorcestershire Acute NHS TrustRedditch, UK

Jennifer Gloeckner Powers, MDAssistant Professor of MedicineDivision of DermatologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TN, USA

Lori D. Prok, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Colorado DenverAurora, CO, USA

Ravi Ratnavel, DM, FRCPConsultant DermatologistBuckinghamshire Hospitals TrustBuckinghamshire, UK

Hilmi F. Recica, MD, MSc, MRCPDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Coventry and WarwickshireCoventry, UK

Thomas D. Regan, MDProcedural and Mohs Micrographic Surgery FellowCooper University HospitalMarlton, NJ, USA

Christie G. Regula, MDDermatologistDepartment of DermatologyPenn State Milton S. Hershey Medical CenterHershey, PA, USA

Patricia Reutemann, MDFellow, Melanoma CenterWashington Cancer InstituteWashington Hospital CenterWashington, DC, USA

Jean Revuz, MDPrivate PracticeParis, France

Rachel V. Reynolds, MDAssistant Professor of DermatologyProgram DirectorHarvard Combined Dermatology Residency Training ProgramBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterDepartment of DermatologyBoston, MA, USA

Elisabeth G. Richard, MDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of DermatologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA

Gabriele Richard, MD, FACMGChief Medical OfficerGeneDx, Inc.Gaithersburg, MD, USA

Darrell S. Rigel, MDClinical Professor of DermatologyNew York University Medical CentreNew York, NY, USA

Wanda Sonia Robles, MBBS, MD, PhDConsultant DermatologistDepartment of DermatologyBarnet and Chase Farm Hospitals NHS TrustMiddlesex, UK

Michael Romano, MDDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of MassachusettsWorcester, MA, USA

Alain H. Rook, MDProfessor of DermatologyDirectorCutaneous Lymphoma ProgramDepartment of DermatologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA

Ted Rosen, MDProfessor of DermatologyDepartment of DermatologyBaylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA

Christopher Rowland Payne, MB, BS, MRCPConsultant DermatologistThe London ClinicLondon, UK

Malcolm H.A. Rustin, MD, FRCPProfessor of DermatologyDermatology DepartmentThe Royal Free HospitalLondon, UK

Thomas Ruzicka, MDProfessor of Dermatology and AllergyDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyLudwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Germany

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