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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
The 4th Group of ICT
DESIGNING
CALL
Haryana
Rachmad
Teguh
BudiNasrun
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
What is A CALL?There will be many definitions dealing with CALL, such as:1.This term is widely used to refer to the area of technology and second language teaching and learning despite the fact that revisions for the term are suggested regularly (Chapelle, 2001, p. 3). 2.It is the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning (Levy, 1997, p.1).3.It is any process in which a learner uses a computer and, as a result, improves his or her language (Beatty, 2003, p. 7)4.It has come to encompass issues of materials design, technologies, pedagogical theories and modes of instruction. Materials for CALL can include those which are purpose-made for language learning and those which adapt existing computer-based materials, video and other materials (Beatty, 2003, pp. 7-8)
The 4th Group of ICT
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
The 4th Group of ICT
Initial Planning
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1.Determining objectivesRussell (1992: 775) states that “it is important to identify the purpose – objective – the materials are intended to serve”. It means that the objective function as a guide to the nature of the structure of the program and is thus crucial to the design of the whole project.
This objective should cover every aspects of language skills and components such as writing, reading, listening, as well as speaking.
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
The 4th Group of ICT
Initial Planning
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2.Choosing types of programsCriswell (1989: 9) points out that there are two types tutorials: linear and branching.
Linear program presents every frame to every student. The presentation is much like a textbook, often heavily word oriented. Linear programs may be paced by the student and may include interesting graphics.
Branching program includes pre-test of major sections in the program. The program computes the student score and advises the student to either skip over or complete the section.
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
The 4th Group of ICT
Initial Planning
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3.Selecting materialsJohnson (1991: 33) states that “it is important that multimedia authors and teachers do not fall back into the trap of setting the same dull old task, …. or occupied with other things. We need, when designing learning tools, to recognize that language is not just an assemblage of distinct vocabulary items and ‘structure’ to be learned, but a heaving, swirling, dynamic whole, the means by which men, women and children communicate with each other”.
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
The 4th Group of ICT
Initial Planning
1.Determining…
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4.Choosing software There are some multimedia software that can be used to design/develop a CALL program such as ToolBook 3.0 used by Mr. Hartoyo when designing his CALL program which consists of the grammatical structure. This program is considered to be the main problems for Indonesian learners of English.
We can also use other software to design a CALL program such as: Ms. word, Ms. excel, Ms. powerpoint, Ms. Frontpage etc.
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
The 4th Group of ICT
Initial Planning
1.Determining…
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5.Determining tasksWilson (1994), who conducted a study on the CALL package for learning English as a foreign language, suggested that before designers can build CALL system that “understand” their users, they must be able to analyze what learning tasks should be provided to stimulate interaction between the user and the computer.
In his book Mr. Hartoyo provides the material dealing with practice in English structure or grammar.
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
The 4th Group of ICT
Initial Planning
1.Determining…
2.Types of… 3.Selecting…
4.Choosing…
5.Determining…
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6.Structuring program designTo structure program design, we will have normally three parts, they are:
1.Information which explains about the tutorial program to help the users use the program easier.
2.Content which presents materials highlighted in the program. It also presents the further material in the form of pop-up windows which appear whenever the user clicks on the relevant “hotwords”.
3. Exercise which enables the users to assess their understanding toward the materials they has just learn.
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| HOME | What is A CALL? | Initial Planning | CALL Principles |
CALL Principles
A CALL program is usually designed on the basis of five principles:
1.Interactivity (feedback and instruction)2.Usability (flexibility)3.Content appropriateness 4.Effectiveness 5.Performance (attractiveness)
The 4th Group of ICT
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