PowerPoint Presentation
SEMINARTENSILEARCHITECTUREGUIDED BY:AR. DEEPALI HEJIIBPRESENTED
BY:ASHITA CHOUDHARY
TENSILE
ARCHITECTUREINTRODUCTIONAtensile structureis aconstructionof
elements carrying onlytension.The term tensile should not be
confused with tensegrity.Tensile structures are the most common
type ofthin-shell structures.TENSILE STRUCTRES bring style,
curvature, translucency, and clear large spans to building
scales.
TENSILE
ARCHITECTUREHISTORYTensile structures have long been used
intents, where theguy ropesand tent poles provide pre-tension to
the fabric and allow it to withstand loads.The concept was mastered
byGermanarchitect and engineerFREI OTTO, whose first use of the
idea was in the construction of the WEST GERMAN PAVILION AT EXPO
67in Montreal.Since the 1960s tensilestructures have been promoted
by designers and engineers.
WEST GERMAN PAVILION EXPO 67
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MATERIALSTwo main types of materials used are:MEMBRANE MATERIALS
i.e. TENSILE FABRICCABLESCOMPRESSION MEMBERS. The materials used
are constantly being developed, as sustainability and performance
become more and more important.
MEMBRANE MATERIALS i.e. TENSILE FABRIC
CABLES
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
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MEMBRANE MATERIALSThe biological based woven cotton and canvas ,
which we use to create the first fabric structures have been
replaced by some of the most technical man made fabrics, to achieve
permanent and lasting fabric architecture.Modern coated fabrics
have similar aesthetic properties, with some significant
performance advantages, such as increased strength, cleaning, print
ability, solar shading, acoustic characteristics.They also resist
the absorption of moisture, resulting in much longer life
spans.
WOVEN COTTON AND CANVASTENSILE FABRIC
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In general we use two generic types of coated fabrics:STRUCTURAL
COATED FABRICSMESH FABRICSSTRUCTURAL COATED FABRICS:A coated
structural fabric consists of a woven base cloth stabilized and
protected by a coating on both sides. The base cloth consists of
warp threads running the length of the roll and weft threads
running across the width.The woven base cloth gives the structural
strength while the coating gives weather proofing, colour and other
technical qualities.
TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
MESH FABRICS
A mesh fabric is a coated cloth with spacing between the thread
bundles. With some meshes for interiors use the threads are coated
before weaving.Due to openness factor of the mesh they are
primarily used as shading and light diffusing device.
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FABRICS For External UsePVC COATED POLYESTER
PVC i.e. POLYVINYL CHOLRIDE COATED POLYESTEREASY TO DISMANTLE
& PRINT LOWER LIGHT TRANSMISSIONPTFE COATED GLASS CLOTH
PTFE i.e. POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENECOATED GLASS CLOTHOFTEN USED IN
HARSH CLIMATESITS DURABILITY IS MORE
SILICONE COATED GLASS CLOTH
MOST PROPERTIES SAME AS PTFE GLASS CLOTHPREFERABLE WHEN MORE
LIGHT TRANSMISSION IS REQUIRED
PVCPTFESILICONE
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CABLESCables can be of mild steel, high strength steel (drawn
carbon steel), stainless steel, polyester or bamboo. Structural
cables are made of a series of small strands twisted or bound
together to form a much larger cable. Steel cables are either
spiral strand, where circular rods are twisted together and "glued"
using a polymer, or locked coil strand, where individual
interlocking steel strands form the cable (often with a spiral
strand core).
SPIRAL STRANDLOCKED COIL STRAND
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ARCHITECTURE
Because of the nature of the tensile structure, it need too be
heavily engineered.There is a very large load in this fabric, which
is going to be transferred somewhere, whether it,
CONTAINED WITHIN THE STRUCTURE ITSELF
GOES BACK TO THE GROUND
GOES BACK TO THE SURROUNDING BUILDING.
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
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FORMSWhile it is possible to have flat tensile membrane, the key
to strength & stability lies in the principle of double
curvature.There are in all two types of double
curvatures:ANTICLASTIC CURVESINCLASTIC CURVE
ANTICLASTICSINCLASTIC
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THE BASIC FORMS OF TENSILE ARCHITECTUREHYPARTraditional sail
like formTheory of hypar often applied to other polygonal
shapesComplex undulating forms can be obtained with multiple high
and low connection points.
CONICLoads are spread horizontally around the full fabric form
& vertically from apex to base
HYPARCONIC
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THE BASIC FORMS OF TENSILE ARCHITECTUREBARREL SHAPPED
VAULTAlthough featuring double curvature it can only be created
with a steel, aluminium or timber structure tensioning the membrane
placed to create the curve. INFLATABLEAdopts sinclastic curve to
create dimensionally stable shape Inflatable cushions are created
where constant air pressure form the fabric into a shapeCommonly
used with a clear foil material called ETFE foil , PVC can also be
used.
BARREL SHAPED VAULT
INFLATABLE
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BENEFITSMAKING A STATEMENTA fabric is useful while designing ,
it lets you bring the dynamic shapes to otherwise rudimentary
structure.
THE VENUE: BRISTOL
Entrance canopyCONIC designPVC COATED POYESTERFeature
lighting
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ARCHITECTURE
SOLAR CONTROLTraditionally curtains & blind to control light
transmission.We look for ways in which the light transmission can
be controlled, diffused & reflected.Combining practical
application & aesthetic element is the key benefit.
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ARCHITECTURE
TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONSFabric panels are smaller to reduce
storage & often the way we work with the loads has to be
changed.Tensile structures are particularly situated for commercial
schemes, where projects serves life of 20 to 30 years before it
becomes outdated and requires redevelopment.
LONDON OLYMPICS
HOLLAND PARK OPERA HOUSE
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ARCHITECTURE
PRACTICALITIESACOUSTICS
ACOUSTIC MESHTENSION SCREENSKITES ROOFS
WALLS & CEILING LININGSADDITIONAL ACOUSTIC COATING
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ARCHITECTURE
INSULATION
TENSILE MEMBRANETHERMAL MULTI-FOIL MEMBRANE
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ARCHITECTURE
PRINTINGPRINTING CONSIDERATIONS
COLOR AND SIZE OF THE IMAGELIGHTING OF THE STRUCTUREINTERNAL OR
EXTERNAL USEPRINT/FABRIC OPACITYREQUIRED REMOUNT-ABILITYFIRE
RATING
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ENVIRONMENTAL
As most of the materials can recycled or reused, the
environmental impact of TENSILE STRUCTURE is far less.
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ARCHITECTURE
PROCESSDESIGNDesigning a TENSILE STRUCTURE is as much an ART, as
it is a SCIENCE.Throughout the designing process decisions are made
on how the canopy will be constructed to meet the aesthetic,
functional & engineering requirements.
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ARCHITECTURE
BOUNDARY DETAILING
SCALLOPED/ CURVED EDGEFABRIC EDGESTRAIGHT EDGE
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ARCHITECTURE
ENGINEERING Environmental loads like wind loads, suctions,
pressure, snow loads, snow drifts, they attack the fabric & the
fabric withstands it.However unlike traditional construction they
deflect a degree more than a solid house.So there is movement,
& through this movement & the small stretching and
stressing of the fabric, that the fabrics will withstand the
environmental loads.
The strength of the fabric structure & its ability to resist
loads comes from the tension at which the fabric is maintained
at.
TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
MANUFACTUREIt can be entirely manufactured off site.Large clear
span spaces are required for the fabrication of tensile structures,
as the surface area of piece can reach hundreds of square
metres.Two processes are involved in customizing a whole piece of
fabric viz. CUTTING & JOINING.CUTTING:The large piece of fabric
is first cut according to the requirement using a machine
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JOINING
WELDINGTwo pieces of fabric are mostly joined by WELDING them
together. Some fabric are joined using RADIO FREQUENCY WELDING.Not
all fabrics can be welded easily, and some require a bonding tape
to ensure that they are welded properly.STITCHINGStitching is done
for small scale projects and for reinforcement in some patches of
larger membrane. UV stable thread to join the material.
RADIO FREQUENCY WELDING.INDUSTRIAL SEWING MACHINEUV STABLE
THREAD
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GLUEINGFor some materials like silicone coated glass cloth,
welding or sewing is not enough.A high bondage glue is used for
joining in these cases.
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installation
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CONCLUSIONTensile Architecture also known as FABRIC
ARCHITECTURE, is one of the fast growing industry.New METHODS &
TECHNOLGY is being invented & adopted to make its working more
easy.TENSILE ARCHITECTURE introduced FABRIC as a new AESTHETIC
& TECHNICAL ELEMENT that can be used in construction.It also
made ERECTING & MOVING TEMPORARY STRUCTURES around easy.
TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
REFERENCESYoutube.com(channel: Architent Landrell)LINK:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f98QM_2Nje8&list=PLngV00bNM-VoctL-uPyP46sstj81JNpMyGoogle.comWikipedia
TENSILE
ARCHITECTURE
THANK YOU.
