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Chapter 7Chapter 7Supporting Your SpeechSupporting Your Speech
Supporting Material Supporting material (or evidence) is any
information that clarifies, explains, or adds depth or breadth to your topic.
You discover evidence by conducting research on your topic, which is the process of gathering supporting material to defend your ideas.
Types of Supporting Material
Facts and Statistics A fact is information that has been established
as accurate.
Statistics are the collection and arrangement of numerical facts.
Both appeal to listeners with a “thinking” learning style.
Types of Supporting Material
Definitions, Descriptions, and Explanations
Definition: a statement that clarifies the meaning of a word or phrase.
Description: goes beyond a definition in that it attempts to create a picture in the minds of listeners.
Explanation: provides details as to how and why, appealing to the “thinking” and “doing” learning styles.
Types of Supporting Material
Examples: a specific case used to illustrate or represent a concept, condition, experience, or group of some sort. Tend to appeal to the “feeling” aspect of the
learning cycle.
Testimonies: quotations or paraphrases used to support a point. Expert testimonies are from a recognized
professional in a field.
Peer testimonies are from first hand sources.
Types of Supporting Material
Analogies: a comparison drawn between two essentially unrelated concepts or objects.
Locating Supporting Material
Personal Experience State your credibility.
Effective in adding human interest to speeches.
Research interviews Cite the credentials of the expert interviewed.
Surveys Effective for discovering the attitudes, values,
and beliefs generally held by people in the research sample.
Locating Supporting Material
Library Resources Books
Reference works
Magazines and Newspapers
Government Documents and Academic Journals
Internet Documents
Conducting Ethical Research
Evaluate your evidence Is it relevant?
Is it credible?
Is it current?
Does your research answer all the important questions raised by your speech?
Have you consulted a variety of resources?
Do you use a variety of supporting material?
Conducting Ethical Research
Document your evidence
APA citations
Cite others work in APA format inside your formal outline.
Orally cite works during your speech.