Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)

SPACE DEBRIS REMOVAL SYSTEM

Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology

Mohammad Shadab University Roll No 1302931086

Presented By:- Presented To:

Shipra &Saumya MAM

Introduction

Types of orbits

Sources of debris

Tracking and Measurement of Space Debris

Mitigation of Space Debris

Conclusion

Points of Discussion

Current Space Congestion

INTRODUCTIONSpace Debris , also known as orbital debris , space junk and space waste , is the collection of defunct objects in orbit around Earth.

They can include anything from entire used rocket stages and out of order satellites to explosion fragments, paint flakes, dust, slag from solid rocket motors, coolant released by Upravlyaemy Sputnik Aktivnyj  (Russian: Управляемый Спутник Активный),also known in the west as Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite or RORSAT other small particles from equipments.

Debris poses a growing threat to satellites and could prevent the use of valuable orbits in the future.

SPACE SURVEILLANCE NETWORK (SSN)

Debris Size 0.1-1cm 1-10cm >10cm

Total Number at all altitudes 150 million 780,000 23,000

Debris in Low-Earth Orbit 20 million 400,000 15,000

Estimated amount of Space Debris:

Currently more than 15,000 objects are tracked and kept in catalogue by SSN

Space debris number is much more than catalogued

Threat of this size?

• Category I (<1cm) - They can make significant damage to vulnerable parts of a satellite.

• Category II (1-10cm) - They tend to seriously damage or destroy a satellite in a collision.

• Category III (>10cm) – They may completely destroy a satellite in a collision and can be tracked easily.

Categorization:

Debris Distribution Graph

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)

Geostationary Orbit

Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO)

TYPES OF ORBITS

Proximity

Altitude Range

Higher Velocity

Energy

Low Earth Orbit

The International Space Station is in an LEO that varies between 320 km (199 miles) and 400 km (249 miles) above the Earth's surface.

Hubble Space Telescope

Earth's plates, remote sensing, spatial investigation, meteorology.

Phone Satellites

Experiments and Installation

Features of LEO:

Presence of debris in LEO a function of altitude(h) and declination(δ)

GRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF TRACKABLE LEO

ORBIT OBJECT:

Graphic evolution of total trackable Low-Earth Obit (LEO) object population since 1994Source: Marshall H. Kaplan, Survey of Space Debris Reduction Methods, AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition 14 - 17 September 2009,

Pasadena, California,AIAA 2009-6619

The number of space debris increases very quickly:

Hypervelocity accidents in space

Case of Iridium33 and Cosmos2251

Fourth hypervelocity accident February 10 2009 Collision velocity 11 km/s

Distribution of the collision Debris

Altitude -2000 km to 36,000 km approx.

Common Use :Navigation , GPS Communication ,MAPS and Space and Environment science.

Orbital Period –Apogee ,Perigee

Medium Earth Orbit

Geostationary Earth Orbit

Altitude - 35786 Km ,Precise and Calculative.

Television Broadcasting

Weather Forecast-Storm movements and developments.

NATIONAL SECURITY

Highly Elliptical Orbit These satellites do not follow a circular orbit, but its orbit is elliptical.

Its orbital period is of 8 to 24 hours.

The perigee about 500 km and apogee of 50000 km.

Fig. HEO

The Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC)

Tracking of debris

RADAR

LIDAR

SPACE TELESCOPES

INTEGRATED SATGPS SYSTEMS

TOOLS

Electro dynamic tethers

Laser brooms

Solar sails

Space nets and collectors

Electro-dynamic tethers

Simple

Fleming’s Left Hand Rule

Laser brooms Fast

Direct Impact

Drag by photon force

Technology is mature

• Could not be move freely in a huge range• Threat- Space based weapon system

Ground based laser

Space based laser

Laser Brooms

Ground Based

Space based

Solar sails Principle

Outer Orbit Reach

No propellant or engines

Less maintenance• Difficult to control• Deployment • Crashes

Space Nets and Collector satellites

Space nets or umbrellas are satellites which eject a huge net that ‘fishes’ or collects the debris and is later disposed off into a graveyard orbit .

Uses momentum generated through throwing for movement

Graveyard Orbit -Conceptualization

Mathematics Involved

CONCLUSION

Research and development

Guidelines By IADC- Inter Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee Implementation

Bullets Raining From The Sky

THANK YOU