SCIENCE DURING

RENAISSANCE

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The RenaissanceThe Renaissance is a

period from the 14th to the 17th century, considered the bridge between the Middle Ages and Modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe.

Renaissance:•means “rebirth” in French.•time of great beauty and art.•time of creativity, imagination and curiosity.•age of exploration.

Renaissance:•The Renaissance was a time when Venice was the world’s busiest seaport and Florence was the heart of great art.•At the beginning of the Renaissance, Italy was the center of world culture.

Renaissance:•There were changes in thinking during Renaissance. New ideas in art, science, astronomy, religion, literature, mathematics, philosophy, and politics were developed and advanced.•The influence of the Renaissance impacted and shaped the future. The changes that happened led to a modern era.

Science and art were very closely related during this time. Great artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, would study anatomy to better understand the body so they could create better paintings and sculptures. Architects such as Filippo Brunelleschi made advances in math in order to design buildings. The true geniuses of the time were often both artists and scientists. They were both considered talents of the true Renaissance man.

Science and Art

Important scientific developments

•Alchemy•Alchemy is the study of the transmutation of materials through obscure processes. It is sometimes described as an early form of chemistry.•Paracelsus was an alchemist and physician of the Renaissance. The Paracelsians added a third element, salt, to make a trinity of alchemical elements.

•Astronomy Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)-was Renaissance polymath responsible for what some have called the “Copernican Revolution.” -Copernicus placed the sun at the centre of the universe, rather than the earth which contradicts the Ptolemaic System (Geocentric view)-published his theory in 1543, in his On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) -is responsible for creating

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. These laws include that the orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci, that a line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time, and that the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of a semi-major axis of its orbit.

MedicineThe development of modern

neurology began in the 16th century with Vesalius, who described the anatomy of the brain and other organs; he had little knowledge of the brain's function, thinking that it resided mainly in the ventricles.

Few effective drugs existed, beyond opium and quinine.

Medicine cont. William Harvey provided a

refined and complete description of the circulatory system.

The most useful tomes in medicine, used both by students and expert physicians, were materiae medicae and pharmacopoeiae.

TECHNOLOGY and INVENTIONS1300 The first mechanical clock.

1366 Scales for weighing.

1411 The trigger for the gun

1411 The first piano called the Spinet invented.

1450 Lenses for near-sighted people invented by Nicholas of Cusa.

1456 Printing press by Gutenberg.

1487 Bell chimes.

1500 The first flush toilets were invented1510 Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein.

1589 Knitting machine invented by William Lee.

1620 The first submarine was invented by Cornelis Drebbel.

1624 Slide Rule was invented by William Oughtred

1590 Compound microscope invented by Zacharias Janssen.

1608 First refracting telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey.

1625 Method of blood transfusion was invented by Jean Baptiste Denys.

1642 Adding Machine invented by Blaise Pascal.

1643 Barometer invented by Torricelli.

1650 The first air pump.

1656 The pendulum clock was invented by Christian Huygens.

1663 The first reflecting telescope was constructed by James Gregory.

•1671 The first calculating machine invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.•1679 Pressure cooker invented by Denis Papin.•1698 Steam pump invented by Thomas Savery.

SCIENTIST OF THE ERA

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) •The Telescope

-Galileo did not invent the telescope (Dutch spectacle makers receive that credit), but he was the first to use the telescope to study the heavens systematically. •Sunspots

-Galileo observed the Sun through his telescope and saw that the Sun had dark patches on it that we now call sunspots.

•The Moons of Jupiter-Galileo observed 4 points of

light that changed their positions with time around the planet Jupiter. They were the 4 brightest moons of Jupiter, which are now commonly called the Galilean moons (Galileo himself called them the Medicea Siderea---the ``Medician Stars'').

• The Phases of Venus

•Galileo used his telescope to show that Venus went through a complete set of phases, just like the Moon. This observation was among the most important in human history, for it provided the first conclusive observational proof that was consistent with the Copernican system but not the Ptolemaic system.

•Geometric and Military Compass•Galileo thermometer•Concept of Inertia•Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment

RENE DESCARTES(March 31, 1569),

•Father of Modern Philosophy•Analytical Geometry•Used of reasoning that contribute to scientific method•Believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason.

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) -Leonardo was an Italian polymath,

regarded as the epitome of the "Renaissance Man", displaying skills in numerous diverse areas of study.

-Aside from his famous paintings he is also renowned in other fields like hydrodynamics, mathematics, mechanical engineering, optics, physics, pyrotechnics, and zoology.

Da Vinci’s Contributions

Flying Machine

Helicopter (Aerial Screw)

Bridges and hydraulics

War machines

•the Vitruvian Man, is a study of the proportions of the human body, linking art and science in a single work that has come to represent Renaissance Humanism.

Francis Bacon (January 22 1561 – 9 April 1626)He was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author. His ideas for a universal reform of knowledge into scientific methodology and the improvement of mankind's state using the Scientific method are presented. He has been reputed as the "Father of Experimental Science"

Gerardus Mercator (March 5, 1518)•Mercator's disciplines were cartography and geography. From 1535-1536 Mercator made terrestrial globes for several rich individuals. In 1537 Mercator constructed a globe of the stars. He was the first to use longitude and latitude for sailors. Mercator was also very good at making an accurate map of Western Europe.

Merci d'avoir écouté

REFERENCES:• Renaissance and Scientific Revolution, retrieved from:https

://blogs.umass.edu/p139ell/2012/11/19/the-renaissance-and-the-scientific-revolution/ dated: January 20, 2016

• The Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution: The Age of Growth, retrieved from: http://www.ducksters.com/history/renaissance_science.php/ dated: November 19, 2012

• • Niccolas Copernicus, retrieved from:

http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/renaissance/main/copernicus.html/ • Renaissance-Reformation, retrieved from:

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/high-ren-florence-rome/beginners-guide-high-ren/a/galileo-galilei

• Martyn Shuttleworth (May 21, 2011). Science and the Enlightenment. Retrieved Jan 18, 2016 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/science-and-enlightenment

• http://www.buzzle.com/articles/inventions-of-the-renaissance-timeline.html• Pictures:

Google images• Video:

Website: Youtube Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7tk1uuyEow