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Revitalizing IrrigationAdapted from IWMI Issue Brief #9www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Water_Issue_Briefs/index.aspx
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Revitalizing I r r iga t ion
Adapted from IWMI Issue Brief #9
www.iwmi.org
www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/Water_Issue_Briefs/index.aspx
More than 9 billion people will inhabit the Earth by 2050 Asia and Africa are the two most populous continents on the planet: 60% of the world’s people live in Asia; 12% live in Africa
How will we feed ourselves?
We will need to grow more food
...and we will need to grow it more efficiently
Photo: Nadia Manning
With non-farm water requirements growing and
little land left on which to expand agriculture…
...boosting productivity
from existing irrigated lands is crucial Photo: Sanjini De Silva
In the 1970s and 1980s, increased investments
in irrigation helped lower food prices
But today, irrigation is stagnating...
...it is declining
across Asia and is
absent in much of
Africa
Photo: Karen Conniff
IWMI’s position on
revitalizing irrigation
In 2007, IWMI reported on the
world’s future water needs in
Water for food, water for life:
A comprehensive assessment
of water management in
agriculture
What were the main conclusions?
Sub-Saharan Africa needs investments
in infrastructure and institutions, and
greater success with those investments
in Asia, greater yields can be extracted
from existing irrigation
So...
Revitalizing irrigation across these continents is the key to ensuring future food security
Photo: Karen Conniff
What needs to be done?
ASIA
Asia’s irrigation
infrastructure
has stagnated in
recent decades
Photo: Karen Conniff
Farmers are growing a wider range of crops than the old staples of rice and wheat
Millions of farmers are pumping groundwater when and where they choose
Photo: Sharni Jayawardena
In 2009, IWMI scientists looked at how Asia
– home to 70% of the world’s 277 million
hectares of irrigated land – could boost its
agricultural productivity
70%
30%
AsiaRest of the World
?Using a computer model
named WATERSIM
(http://tinyurl.com/33lxqcq),
the researchers investigated
how food production, water
use and irrigation
requirements might change,
given certain economic and
environmental conditions
The result?
Three quarters of the additional food supply required in Asia could be met by boosting performance from existing irrigated areas
Photo: Sanjini De Silva
The result?
The study was published in 2009
in Revitalizing Asia’s Irrigation:
To sustainably meet
tomorrow’s food needs, which
proposes investment strategies
designed to reinvigorate irrigation
across Asia
The new farming
requires demand-
driven water
supplies…
…not the supply-
driven allocations
of the old systems
Photo: IRRI
The strategies
Modernizing irrigation schemes for tomorrow’s needs
Supporting farmers’ self-installed irrigation schemes
Expanding capacity and knowledge
Photo: Sharni Jayawardena
Photo: Arindam Mukherji
What needs to be done?
AFRICA
In sub-Saharan Africa, irrigation covers only 5% of the total cultivated area of 183 million hectares – the lowest proportion of any region in the world
Photo: Frank Rijsberman
In 2007, Investment in
Agricultural Water for
Poverty Reduction and
Economic Growth in
Sub-Saharan Africa*
made recommendations
to funding agencies
* A collaborative program of the African Development Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, IWMI and the World Bank
Photo: Andrea Silvernman
Recommendations for Sub-Saharan Africa
Increase investment in
irrigation and other agricultural
water-management methods,
from large- to small-scale
infrastructure
Ensure that benefits from new
initiatives reach the poor,
especially women
Photo: Andrea Silvernman
Photo: Mutsa Masiyadima
Currently in West Africa...
IWMI is leading a project to diagnose underperformance of irrigation schemes in Burkina Faso and Niger
The United States Agency for International Development, governments and other stakeholders will use the results to boost production of the schemes by up to 50%
Photo: IWMI
There are other ways to produce more crop per drop in Asia and Africa:
Land rehabilitation
Integrated approaches at the farm scale
Integrated approaches at the landscape scale
Photo: Michael Melgar
Land rehabilitation
This is more affordable than conventional salinity control measures, and also use less water
Waterlogging and salinization can be managed through on-farm remediation
Photo: Sanjini De Silva
Land rehabilitation
Bright Spots, a project undertaken by IWMI and partners, assessed the vegetative bioremediation of saline and sodic soils and the rehabilitation of abandoned lands in Central Asia
The project promoted useful plant species to lower saline water tables and rehabilitate salt-affected soils
See http://brightspots.centralasia.iwmi.org
Photo: Sanjini De Silva
Land rehabilitation
Bright Spots also evaluated the use of marginal quality drainage waters for crop production and promoted techniques for managing soil salinity
Photo: Sanjini De Silva
Integrated approaches at the farm scale…
Allocating water supplies for multiple uses – such as drinking water, livestock rearing, crop irrigation and fisheries – can increase efficiency…
Photo: IRRI
Integrated approaches at the farm scale…
For example: storage ponds for controlling water deliveries can be used to farm fish, boosting family nutrition and providing extra income
Photo: Karen Conniff
Integrated approaches at the landscape scale…
Maintaining vital ecosystem
services by managing non-
farmed land – such as
wastelands, rivers and wetlands
– maximizes productivity through
smarter application of technology
and an emphasis on ecosystem-
wide sustainability
Photo: Sanjini de Silva
Where to from here?
“More than anything,
irrigation must respond
to changing
requirements, serving
an increasingly
productive agriculture”
From Water for food water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture, 2007
Photo: Bernard Keraita
Water Issue Briefs
highlight issues of
concern to professionals
working in water and land
resources management
and related fields
For more information: www.iwmi.org/Publications/Water_Issue_Briefs/index.aspx [email protected]
Improving the management of land and water resources for food, livelihoods and the environment
Photo: Sharni Jayawardena