Remedial teaching strategies

Wednesday, May 3, 20231

Collected by:Eman Awad El-Sawy

REMEDIAL TEACHING

STRATEGIES


1. Definition Of Learning Difficulties.2. Types Of Learning Disabilities.3. The Relationship Between Academic Learning Disabilities &

Non-academic(developmental).4. The Difference Between Learning Disabilities, Slow Learning

And Under-achievement.5. How To Recognize Learning Disabilities(Criteria).6. Language learning disabilities.7. Causing Factors For Language Learning Disabilities.8. Some Remedial Methods For Language Learning Disabilities.9. The Treatment Of Academic Reading Disabilities.10. Remedial Teaching Strategies.



1-Definition:-


“Specific learning disability” means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which disorder may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations

Federal Definition ofSpecific Learning Disabilities


In Federal law, under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), the term is “specific learning disability,” one of 13 categories of disability under that law.

“Learning Disabilities” is an “umbrella” term describing a number of other, more specific learning disabilities, such as dyslexia and dysgraphia.



2- Classification and types of learning disabilities

2)Developmental or non-academic learning disabilities

1)Academic learning disabilities

Primary secondary

a) Attention

b) Perception

c) Memory

A-Thinking

B-Oral language

C-Solving problems

Dyscalculia Dysgraphia Dyslexia

Language Processing Disorder

Dyspraxia Executive Functioning






3- The relationship between developmental learning difficulties and

academic learning difficulties:-

A major role/ Prominent role. Cause and effect. High correlation (90 %).

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4- The Difference Between Learning Disabilities, Slow learning and Under-achievement:-

Their behavior

Developmental

Problems

Academic level

Education IQ cause criteria

NormalHyperactiveAggressiveIndolenceDispersion

Limited learn necessary academic skills, but at rate and depth below average same age peers. Continually Repeats exams in the weakness subject

Needs special education services Like the sources room and individual teaching

Average or above

From 90 to above

A small cerebral damage in a particular part in the brain.(Genetic)

Learning Disability

Adaptive failure in one or more of daily life skills like: dealing with individuals or daily life situations

Wide clear reduction in all subjects .Don’t continue to universityContinually Repeats exams more than once in most subjects

Inside normal classrooms with some modifications in the curriculum to suit his abilities

Less than average, But doesn’t reach mental retardation

From 70 to 84

An injury or damage in more than a part in the brain that Causes weakness in some of the Genetic mental abilities.

Slow learning

suffers from Permanent depression and frustration from the repeated failure experiences.

No clear reduction in all subjects especially the ones that need The presence of mindContinually Repeats exams in most subjects.

Inside normal classrooms ,but his case should be studied by the social worker, needs some lessons.

Average or above

From 90 to above

Neglection that results from environmental and family problems .Not genetic or mental retardation

Under Achievement


5- Criteria for recognizing learning disabilities:-

A. Spacing.B. Elimination (Exclusion).C. Special Education.D. Problems associated with maturity.E. Organic Signs.


6- language learning difficulties:-

A- Reading disability (dyslexia):

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke defines reading disability or dyslexia as follows: "Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Although the disorder varies from person to person,

*definition:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke


Social causes: Low social level Psychological causes: fear Mental causes: low ability to perceive and imagine. Physical causes: auditory and visual weaknesso Other causes.

B- writing disability.

*causes:


There are 28 reading difficulties:

Pronunciation (13)

1- word by word reading2-Wrong pronunciation of phrases3-wrong pronunciation4-Omissions5-Repition6-Inversions or Reversal7-not knowing vowel sounds8-not knowing consonant sounds9-Substitution10- Insertions11-Basic sight words12-Guessing13-Moving the lips while reading

recognition

Weakness in structural analysis


Inability to

Understanding

1-Inability to understand text gestures2-Inability to make contractions3-Weakness in understanding4-Inability to remember5-Weakness in the sequence of events6-Weakness in remembering written

Difficulties regarding speed

of reading

1-Low rate of speed

2-Speed at the expense of accuracy3-Skimming

4-Inability to co-ordinate between speed and the difficulty of the material

Skills of using dictionaries

and searching for

information

1-Low skills of using a dictionary.

2-Inability to determine the right source of information


7- Causing factors of language learning disabilities:

1) Organic causes.2) Environmental causes.3) Educational causes.4) Inner psychological reasons.5) Functional reasons.


8- Some methods of the treatment of learning disabilities:

1) Dialogue.2) Doing some experiments3) Using scientific discoveries4) The use of models and maquettes5) Using pictures6) Using mazes7) Using stories8) Treatment based on the use of realism9) Search / teach tutoring approach


9- Treatment of academic reading difficulties:

I. Functional treatment.II. General remedial programs: Treatment methods:

1-Using sounds.2-Using prefixes and suffixes.3-Verbalizing-visualizing.


10- Remedial Teaching Strategies:a. Individual teaching.b. Direct teaching.c. The multiplicity of the senses strategy.d. Fernald method.e. Orton- Gill Ingham.f. Auditory verbal therapy.g. Writing for reading.h. Trial and error learning.i. Skills training model.j. Skills training model.


Individual Teaching

It means that a teacher teaches one student at one time or the teacher skill to take into account individual differences among learners.

It doesn’t mean that the learner has to work alone. Its purpose is to get closer to the students as possible. Schools can achieve this strategy by: Using computers or peers or small groups teaching or Independent study…..etc.


Directed Teaching/ Mastery Learning: It focuses on achieving the learning outcomes by

concentrating on direct skills which is related to the outcomes.

For example: Multiplication table. Steps: 1-accurately determine the outcomes. 2-directly measure the students performance. 3-Analysing and arranging the elements. 4-Give enough time. 5-Giving feedback. 6- directing the students to practice till perfection 7- showing students performance data in suitable charts and diagrams.


Writing for reading Strategy

Modern program. Through personal experience. Children find it easy to read a word which they gathered

its letters. For example: A picture of a train. Steps of writing for reading strategy(steps-ten units-Three words).
