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Promoting Use of Electronic Resources in Libraries of Bangladesh: A Developing Country Perspective
Nafiz Zaman Shuva Department of Information Science & Library Management
University of Dhaka& Erasmus Mundus Scholar for International Master in Digital
Library Learning
Presentation on
Electronic Resources & Libraries Conference-2010
Brief Account of Bangladesh
• Bangladesh emerged as an independent and sovereign country in 1971 following a nine month war of liberation. It is one of the largest deltas of the world with a total area of 147,570 sq km. Bangladesh has a population of about 140 million, making it one of the densely populated countries of the world. The literacy rate of Bangladeshi people is 43.1%. Over 98% of the people speak in Bangla.
• Bangladesh is among the poorest countries in the world. The UNDP lists it as number 146 according to the Human Development Index 2009, a composite of development and human development indicators. The per capita income is $554 (BBS, 2008).
• More than 35 million people in Bangladesh, around a quarter of its population, face acute poverty and hunger.
Source: http://www.taxigourmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/800px-Rickshaws_everywhere.jpg
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cox's_Bazar_boats.jpg
Source: http://home.chello.no/bdeshan/images/Pohela_boishakh.jpg
Source : http://wallpaper-s.org/15__Royal_Bengal_Tiger,_Bangladesh.htm
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jatiyo_Sangshad_Bhaban_(Roehl).jpg
Source: http://org.ntnu.no/bco/shahid%20minar.jpg
ICT in Bangladesh
First Mainframe computer came to Bangladesh in 1964.
Internet came late in Bangladesh, with UUCP e-mail beginning in 1993 and IP connectivity in 1996.
SEA-ME-WE-4 submarine cable connectivity 21 May 2006.
According to the Internet World Stats as of September, 2009 there are currently 556,000 internet users in Bangladesh and the internet penetration is 0.4%.
Access to ICT
1.36 % Computer
Access• 4.88 in Urban Areas
• 0.17 % in Rural Areas
0.20 % E-mail Access
Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), HIES 2005 (provisional)
Mobile Teledensity 32.04%
Source: http://www.research4development.info/images/articles/mobile_lady2.jpg
Libraries in Bangladesh
Library Movement Started in
1854
Public Libraries in Bangladesh
Government -68
Non-Government
Public Libraries-1603
National Libraries in Bangladesh
National Library of Bangladesh-1972
National Health and Documentation Center (NHLDC)-1974
Source: http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/cdnlao/newsletter/055/bagladesh.JP
G
Academic Libraries in Bangladesh
31 Public University Libraries
53 Private University Libraries
1600 College Libraries Under National University of Bangladesh
1200 Intermediate College Libraries
Source: http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/Images/UniversityDhakaCentralLibrary.jpg
Special Libraries in Bangladesh
There are around 1000 special libraries in Bangladesh.
The exact number of special libraries functioning is not known since no one has taken this initiative up to now.
Notable special libraries includes: ICDDR-B Library, BIRDEM, SAARC Agricultural Information Center, CIRDAP Library, Community Development Library etc.
Source: http://centre.icddrb.org/activity/index.jsp?activityObjectID=69
Status of ICT in Libraries of Bangladesh
1980s considered as the beginning of the automation era as far as libraries and information centers in Bangladesh are concerned.
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Library and Agricultural Information Centre (AIC) are pioneers in creating bibliographic databases on specialized fields using microcomputers.
ICT in Public libraries of Bangladesh
Frustration Ahead
Among the 68 government public
libraries only 14 public libraries have computers for administrative use.
Bangladesh Central Public Library
has 18 computers and the other 13 libraries have one computer each.
Sorry Internet Service is Not Available !!
ICT in National Libraries of Bangladesh
Frustration Continues.....................
Source: http://media.photobucket.com/image/frustrated%20baby/Roo_1961/Cute%20babies%20and%20kids/grumpybaby.jpg
Currently, National Library of Bangladesh has only
03 workable computers with internet facility. Automation Section of National Library was set up
in 1996 with 6 computers.
Users are not fully satisfied with the traditional services provided by National Library of Bangladesh.
ICT status in National Health Library and Documentation is better than National Library of Bangladesh.
ICT in Academic Libraries of Bangladesh
ICT status of some private university libraries are quite satisfactory. They are offering time befitting services to its users.
ICT status in public university libraries in-comparison with some private university libraries are not satisfactory.
The largest university library in Bangladesh-University of Dhaka Central Library has ICT facilities but does not deserve praise for its ICT related services.
Frustrated situation exists in all other academic libraries of Bangladesh specially affiliated to National University of Bangladesh.
ICT in Special Libraries of Bangladesh
Special libraries of Bangladesh offer good number of ICT based services to its users.
Special libraries based in Dhaka offer time befitting, up-to-date library services to its users.
Electronic Resources
E-journals Electronic books E-Dictionaries E-Reference books Reference databases
Source: http://www.pennhighlands.edu/library/MPj04019420000[1].jp
g
Use of Electronic Resources in Libraries of Bangladesh
Public Libraries
Nooooooooooooooooooooo!!
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/fofurasfelinas/2400510905/
National Library of Bangladesh
Source: http://www.aef.org.uk/downloads//NO%20at%20Heathrow.jpg
National Health and Documentation Centre
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/fofurasfelinas/2400510905/
Academic Libraries of Bangladesh
University Libraries both Public and Private
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/eyefruit/179553810/
College Libraries both Government and Private
Ministerial Library-Government of Bangladesh
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/megabytesaspiringartists/3833841212/
Electronic Resource Consortium
Bangladesh INASP-PERii Consortium
MoU between Bangladesh Academy of Sciences and INASP-2006
Bangladesh INASP-PERI Consortium
(BIPC) established in 2007 Trial basis free of subscription in
2006 Participating libraries during the trial
period-10
Managing Authority
i) A Coordination Committee headed by the Director of BAS with Primary Contact Officers from all institutions as members.
ii)An Advisory Committee headed by the President of BAS with heads of institutions as members.
Bangladesh INASP-PERI Consortium (BIPC)
2007 2008 20090
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
16
30
38
No. of Participating Libraries
14
12
10
1 1
Members Profile of the Consortium
Public University LibrariesPrivate University LibrariesSpecial LibrariesRegional University LibraryInternational Islamic University Library
Amount of Money Paid to INASP
Year Fees ($) No. of Libraries
Participated
2007 80,000 16
2008 120,000 30
2009 170,000 38
Source: http://mooreslore.corante.com/archives/images/Dollar%20sign%20with%20Shadow.gif
Source: http://www.cavunp.ab.ca/MembershipIcon.jpg
Usage Statistics
2007 2008 2009 (June)0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
77000
93000
111000
Number of Articles Downloaded
Electronic Resources Selection
INASP sends a list of resources offered for Bangladesh.
Coordination Committee selects the resources from the list provided by INASP.
Source: http://www.pennhighlands.edu/library/MPj04019420000[1].jpg
Other facts
Consortium offer technical support to the participating libraries .
3% of the contributions from the institutions are retained at BAS for in-country management / operational costs.
Consortium performs promotional activities to encourage more and more use of electronic resources among the users of the participating libraries.
A Survey on Some Selected Libraries of Bangladesh
Number of libraries Surveyed-15
3 Public University Libraries
4 Private University Libraries
06 Special Libraries01 National Library01 Public Library
Source: http://netsuccessblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/survey_header.jpg
Name of the Library
& Information
Centre
Year of
Establishment
Year of Inception
of ICT
Number of Computers Available in the Library
Number of Computers for Users
with Internet
Connection
Total Number of
Staff
Staff with Electronic Resource
Management Skills
Bangladesh Central Public
Library
1958 - 18 × 411 40
Bangladesh Bank Library
1962 2003 12 12 19 10
Bangladesh National
Parliament Legislative
Information Centre
1972 2000 40 19 29 10
BUET 1962 1998 61 44 43 Almost all
BIRDEM 1975 2003 09 05 12 06
BSMMU 1965 2000 17 15 28 03
East West University
1996 2000 16 06 22 12
ICDDR-B 1962 1987 23 12 08 08
Independent University
1993 35 35 22 05
Ministry of Law, Justice
and Parliamentar
y Affairs Library
1963 2008 (Partial)
01 - 04 02
Name of the Library
& Information centre
Year of
Establishment
Year of Inception
of ICT
Number of Computers Available
in the Library
Number of Computers for Users
with Internet
Connection
Total Number of
Staff
Staff with Electronic Resource
Management Skills
National Library of
Bangladesh
1972 1997 03 03* 63 07
North South University
Library
1992 2000 55 35 21 11
SAARC Agricultural Information
Centre
1985 - 03 01 03 02
South East University
Library
2002 2006 03 02 * 07 01
University of Dhaka, Central Library
1921 1998 60 57 237 30
Librarians’ Preference of Information Resources
5
10
Chart Title
E-bookPrinted Book
Out of 10 Libraries Using E-Resources
08 libraries have website07 libraries have training program on use of electronic resources
A Proposal
Need to Establish National E-Resource Task ForceSource: http://mayavi.info/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/proposal11.jpg
Task Force Members
Secretary, Cultural Ministry , Chairman of the Task Force
Joint Secretary, Ministry of Science and Information & Communication Technology, Member
Chairman , University Grant Commission, Member
Representative from Dept. of Information Science & Library Management, University of Dhaka, Member
Director, Bangladesh Central Public Library, Member
Director, Directorate of Archive and Libraries, Member
Representative from Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Member
Representative from Bangladesh Computer Council, Member
Electronic Resource Consortium for Government Libraries
1st Phase All Ministry library based in Dhaka Legislative Information Centre,
Bangladesh National Parliament Bangladesh Central Public Library National Library of Bangladesh and
National Health Library and Documentation Center
2nd Phase Remaining Government Libraries
Including Judicial Libraries Based in Dhaka City
Public libraries in district town of Bangladesh
Government offices in district town of Bangladesh
3rd Phase All remaining government libraries including the libraries in rural areas
Electronic Resource Consortium for University Libraries
Chairman, University Grant Commission
Vice -Chancellors
From All Public
Universities
Vice -Chancellors
From All Private
Universities
Librarians From All
Respective Universities
Representative From
Bangladesh Academy of
Sciences
Constraints that Hinder the Use of Electronic Resources in Libraries of Bangladesh.
Major Problems Lack of sufficient funds Absence of
comprehensive national and local ICT policies
Lack of ICT knowledge and skills
Resistance to change Bureaucratic
procedures Low priority given to
libraries Source: http://www.dixieit.com/dixieit/images/computer.frustration.jpg
Unskilled and shy librariansLack of proper planningLack of cooperation among the libraries and lack of cooperative spirit among the librarians
Lack of international cooperationLack of government supportLack of strong, effective library associations in Bangladesh
Recommendation to Introduce Electronic Resources Countrywide
Improvement of ICT infrastructure .
National E-resource Task Force should be created immediately.
Creation of E-resource Consortium is a must.
Source: http://www.emmettidaho.com/files/u4/Clipart_Work_Together_Idea.jpg
The Government of Bangladesh should allocate sufficient funds in the budget for the development of library sector in Bangladesh.
Practical electronic resource management course should be integrated in the LIS curriculum at the university level.
Source: http://www.trilliumassociates.com/images/magnify1.JPG
Library and information science teaching and training institutions should introduce different types of training programs for unskilled library professionals.
The library associations of Bangladesh should organize seminars, workshops, etc. to create awareness among librarians about current developments in technology.
Database service providers should offer some packages for the developing country libraries. Service fees should increase gradually.
International cooperation is a must in the library field.
Digital Bangladesh by 2021
Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_JtlCE5dJtCI/SwlJbxOGq0I/AAAAAAAAAlQ/rN-_Fc7yGhI/s1600/digital+1.gif & http://www.freewebs.com/dhaka2/bangladesh2.gif
Photo Credit: http://community.scholastic.com/attachments/scholastic/snapshot35/84/1/Thank%20You%20Bodies.jpg
