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Discussant
Cecilia F. Espinosa
Ed. D., 2015
Dr. Borjal ( Profs.)
Poverty
Progress
Poverty Vs. Progress
The state of being poor; lack of
the means of providing material
needs or comforts. While
Development, advancement, or
improvement, as toward a goal.
Poverty is general scarcity or dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic political elements.
Progress
The elevation of standard of living
Poverty reduction
Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nationsand the World Bank
Causes of PovertyThe main causes of poverty in the country include the
following:
low to moderate economic growth for the past 40 years;
low growth elasticity of poverty reduction;
weakness in employment generation and the quality of jobs generated;
failure to fully develop the agriculture sector;
Causes of Poverty
high inflation during crisis periods;
high levels of population growth;
high and persistent levels of inequality (incomes and assets), which dampen the positive impacts of economic expansion; and
recurrent shocks and exposure to risks such as economic crisis, conflicts, natural disasters, and "environmental poverty."
Natural Disaster
Effect :POOR AND HOMELESS. Makeshift tents for poor families that have lost everything due to Super Typhoon Yolanda.
Natural calamities
Floods
Natural Calamities
After Floods
Earthquake
The impact of an Earthquake
Loss of lives, property
Other Causes of Poverty
Gambling
Corruptions
Sickness
Over Population
Inequality Employment
TOP PRIORITY. Economic planning secretary
Arsenio M. Balisacan says the top priority
remains to be significantly reducing poverty
through “massive generation of quality
employment.”
Insurgency
Employment
“Employment is a basic right and full employment should be the primary objective of economic policy… Nobody willing and ready to work for just a wage should be without a job. Society must be able to provide jobs for all.
An unemployed person is someone who is not working, but is seeking employment.
An underemployed person is someone who is only working part time and wants to be full time and also someone who is over qualified for the job he is in ( i.e, a rocket scientist working as a cab driver). In other words working at less than his full capacity or ability. . Inadequate Skills + Insufficient Jobs = High Unemployment/Underemployment
Unemployed and underemployed
Poverty Reduction and Empowerment of the Poor and Vulnerable
To translate the gains from good governance into direct, immediate and substantial benefits for the poor.
Poverty Reduction and Empowerment of the Poor and Vulnerable
Social Protection and Welfare
Education
Healthcare
Affordable Housing
Agrarian Reform
Progress
The elevation of status in life from poor to rich from rich to millionaires, from millionaires to billionaires.
Progressivisms 2
Believe that individuality, progress, and change are fundamental of one's education
Progress in transportation
Transportation
1 Land
transportation
1.1 Roads
1.2 Highways
1.3 Expressways
1.4 Railways
Water transportation
2 River ferries
2.3 Ferry services
2.4 Ports and harbors
3 Air transportation
3.1 Airports
3.2 Airlines
Progress in Education
1. Line education
2. Enhancement of Curriculum both Private and
Public
3. Many Courses to be Offered
Connection
The connection between progress and poverty lie in these laws governing the distribution of wealth:
a. Law of rent
b. Law of interest
c. Law of wages
d. Law of distribution
Law of Rent
The Law of Rent states that the rent of a land site is equal to the economic advantage obtained by using the site in its most productive use, relative to the advantage obtained by using marginal (i.e., the best rent-free) land for the same purpose, given the same inputs of labor and capital[2]
Whatever the production goes to land owner must necessarily determine what is left over from labor and capital.
Law of interest
Merchandise interest - 20%
Bank interest – deposited and loan interest plus the penalty
Housing- Principal plus interest plus penalty
Law of wages
=Mean a compensation paid to someone hired render services
Wages for manual labor
Salary for professionals
Law of wages
The Iron Law of Wages is a proposed law of economics that asserts that real wages always tend, in the long run, toward the minimum wage necessary to sustain the life of the worker
Law of distribution of wealth
Property
• Land – includes all natural resources
• Labor- the effect of labor saving improvement will be to extend the demand of the land.
Labor Policy
Labor Policy in the Philippines is specified mainly by the country’s through other labor laws. They cover 38 million Filipinos that belong to the labor force and to some extent, also the overseas workers. They aim to address Filipino workers’ legal rights and their limitations with regard to the hiring process, working conditions, benefits, policymaking on labor within the company, activities, and relations with employers.
Labor Policy
The Labor Code and other legislated labor laws are implemented primarily by government agencies, namely, Department of Labor and Employment and Philippine Overseas Employment Agency. Non-government entities, such as the trade unions and employers, also play a role in the country’s labor policy by actively ensuring their proper implementation and on the political level, by lobbying for development or modification of work-related laws.
Law of distribution of wealth
Land with settlers- settlers will organize an association and will seek the help of the Gov’t with the land owner with MOA agreed upon loaning thru CMP or known as Community Mortgaged Program. Acquired land thru CMP can be apply as a non-taxable or exempted from the capital gain .
Law of distribution of wealth
Land intended for Subdivision will apply land conversion to LRA/ Bureau of lands from agricultural land to residential. Land owner shall pay the property tax as a whole until the residential owner has fully paid.
Owners should pay the capital gain tax to the gov’t upon transferring the title to the another buyer
Connection
The connection between progress and poverty lie in these
laws governing the distribution of wealth:
a. Law of rent
b. Law of interest
c. Law of wages
d. Law of distribution
Law of Rent
Whatever the production goes to
land owner must necessarily
determine what is left over from
labor and capital.
Law of interest
Accrued interest- A term used to describe
an accrual accounting method
when interest that is either payable or
receivable has been recognized, but not
yet paid or received.
Law of wages
=Mean a compensation paid to someone hired
render services
Wages for manual labor
Salary for professionals
Law of wages
Labor Law-Body of rulings pertaining to working people and
their organizations, including trade unions and
employee unions, enforced by government agencies. There
are two categories of labor laws; collective and individual.
Collective labor law involves relationships between the union,
the employer and the employee. Individual labor law
involves concerns for employees' rights in the workplace.
Labor laws first became standard during the Industrial
Revolution. Also called employment law.
Law of distribution of wealth
Property
• Land – includes all natural
resources
• Labor- the effect of labor
saving improvement will be to
extend the demand of the
land.
Law of distribution of wealth
Land with settlers- settlers will organize an association and will
seek the help of the Gov’t with the land owner with MOA
agreed upon loaning thru CMP or known as Community
Mortgaged Program. Acquired land thru CMP can be apply as a
non-taxable or exempted from the capital gain .
Land intended for Subdivision will apply land conversion to LRA/
Beauru of lands from agricultural land to residential. Land owner
shall pay the property tax as a whole until the residential owner
has fully paid.
Owners should pay the capital gain tax to the gov’t upon
transferring the title to the another buyer.
Thank you very much for listening
