SESSIONS 4&5: PROJECT CYCLE MANAGEMENT 2 : LOGFRAMES

EMANUEL SOUVAIRANMARCH 2014

Practical Approaches to Managing International Development Projects in the

Face of Complexity

T H I S P R E S E N T A T I O N W I L L B E M A D E A V A I L A B L E T O S T U D E N T S V I A S L I D E S H A R E

T H E T Y P I C A L C O M P O N E N T S

• P R O J E C T I D E N T I F I C AT I O N• S TA K E H O L D E R A N A LY S I S• A S S E S S M E N T S TA G E ( R E S E A R C H )• P R O B L E M A N D S O LU T I O N A N A LY S I S

• L O G I C A L F R A M E W O R K A P P R O A C H

• A C T I V I T Y P L A N N I N G• I M P L E M E N TAT I O N• M O N I T O R I N G• E VA LU AT I O N

Project cycle management

T H E T Y P I C A L C O M P O N E N T S

• P R O J E C T I D E N T I F I C AT I O N• S TA K E H O L D E R A N A LY S I S• A S S E S S M E N T S TA G E ( R E S E A R C H )• P R O B L E M A N D S O LU T I O N A N A LY S I S

• L O G I C A L F R A M E W O R K A P P R O A C H

• A C T I V I T Y P L A N N I N G• I M P L E M E N TAT I O N• M O N I T O R I N G• E VA LU AT I O N

Project cycle management

Logframes

Logframe Jargon

Logframes: but what do the words mean?

Causation

Causation?

1. W H A T I S T H E C O N C E R N ? T H I S I S T H E P R O B L E M O R O P P O R T U N I T Y T H A T L I E S B E H I N D T H E P R O J E C T / P R O G R A M M E . I T I S W H A T L E A D S U S T O B E L I E V E T H A T ‘ S O M E T H I N G N E E D S T O B E D O N E ’ .

2. W H A T I S T H E T A S K ? I T I S W H A T W E I N T E N D T O D O T O A D D R E S S T H E C O N C E R N . W E N E E D T O H A V E C L A R I T Y A S T O T H E B O U N D A R I E S O F W H A T W I L L B E D O N E I N T E R M S O F T I M E , M O N E Y A N D P E O P L E .

3. W H A T I S T H E P U R P O S E O F T H E P R O J E C T ? T H I S I S T H E B E N E F I T O F A D D R E S S I N G T H E C O N C E R N . T H E A N S W E R U S U A L L Y B E G I N S W I T H T H E W O R D S … I N O R D E R T O …

4. W H O I S T H E E N D U S E R ? T H I S I D E N T I F I E S W H O W I L L M A K E U S E O F T H E P R O J E C T O U T C O M E S .

5. W H A T W I L L B E T H E E N D R E S U LT ? T H I S I S T H E ‘ W H E N ’ A N D T H E ‘ W H A T ’ ; T H E T A N G I B L E T H I N G S T H A T T H E S U C C E S S F U L P R O J E C T W I L L D E L I V E R . W E N E E D T O S P E C I F Y T H E E N D R E S U LT A N D J U D G E W H E T H E R I T ’ S C O N G R U E N T W I T H T H E C O N C E R N , T A S K A N D P U R P O S E .

6. W H A T A R E T H E S U C C E S S C R I T E R I A ? T H E S E A R E T H E T H I N G S W H I C H A R E M E A S U R A B L E A N D E N A B L E U S T O D E M O N S T R A T E T H A T T H E P R O J E C T H A S A C H I E V E D I T S I N T E N D E D O U T C O M E S A N D B E E N C O N D U C T E D W I T H I N T H E R E S O U R C E S I N T E N D E D . U S U A L L Y T H E C R I T E R I A W I L L R E L A T E T O B O T H T H E Q U A L I T Y / Q U A N T I T Y O F T H E O U T P U T S A N D T O W H E T H E R W E K E P T T O T I M E A N D B U D G E T, A N D T O T H E O U T C O M E S A C H I E V E D A N D T H E L O N G E R - T E R M I M PA C T.

Defining the Project: The Big Six Questions

1. I S T H E TA S K C A PA B L E O F D E L I V E R I N G T H E P U R P O S E ?

2. I F T H E P U R P O S E I S A C H I E V E D W I L L I T S O LV E ( O R L A R G E LY S O LV E ) T H E C O N C E R N ?

I F N O T O E I T H E R Q U E S T I O N T H E N L O G I C A L LY ( I N T E R M S O F T H E P R O J E C T ’ S O W N I N T E R N A L VA L I D I T Y ) T H E P R O J E C T W I L L FA I L !

I F T H I S I S T H E C A S E , T H E N E I T H E R T H E P R O J E C T H A S G O T T O S T R E N G T H E N T H E TA S K I N T E R M S O F T I M E , M O N E Y O R P E O P L E ( A N D I N M O S T S I T U AT I O N S I T W I L L N O T B E P O S S I B L E T O G E T M O R E R E S O U R C E S ) O R R E -E X A M I N E T H E C O N C E R N A N D S E E I F A L E S S A M B I T I O U S C O N C E R N S T I L L M A K E S F O R A W O R T H W H I L E P R O J E C T- O N E W H E R E A N A C H I E VA B L E P U R P O S E ( T H AT C A N B E D E L I V E R E D B Y T H E TA S K ) W I L L S O LV E T H I S L E S S A M B I T I O U S C O N C E R N.

Testing the Concern, Task And Purpose

Completing a log frame

I D E N T I F Y T H E R I S K S B Y:

1. L O O K I N G A T T H E V A R I O U S A N A L Y S E S T H A T H A V E B E E N C A R R I E D O U T, F O R E X A M P L E , S T A K E H O L D E R , E C O N O M I C , E N V I R O N M E N T A L , S O C I A L , P R O B L E M

2. G O I N G B A C K T O T H E O B J E C T I V E S T R E E A N D C O N S I D E R I N G T H E C O N S T R A I N T S

3. L O O K I N G A T E A C H O B J E C T I V E I N T H E L O G F R A M E A N D B R A I N S T O R M I N G T H E A S S U M P T I O N S T H A T H A V E T O B E M A D E I N O R D E R F O R T H E H I G H E R O B J E C T I V E T O B E A C H I E V E D .

A U S E F U L S E R I E S O F Q U E S T I O N S T O A S K I S :

• I F W E D O T H E S E A C T I V I T I E S , W H A T C A N S T O P U S F R O M D E L I V E R I N G T H E S E O U T P U T S ?

• I F W E A R E S U C C E S S F U L I N D E L I V E R I N G T H E S E O U T P U T S , W H A T C A N S T O P U S F R O M A C H I E V I N G T H I S P U R P O S E ?

• I F T H E P U R P O S E I S A C H I E V E D , W H A T W O U L D S T O P I T C O N T R I B U T I N G T O T H E G O A L ?

Assumptions

L I S T A L L T H E R I S K S A N D N U M B E R T H E M . T H E N C O N S I D E R H O W L I K E L Y I T I S T H A T E A C H O N E W I L L H A P P E N ( P R O B A B I L I T Y ) A N D W H A T T H E I M PA C T O F E A C H R I S K H A P P E N I N G M I G H T B E . T H I N K O F T H E I M PA C T O N P R O J E C T S U C C E S S A N D A L S O T H E I M PA C T O N T H E B E N E F I C I A R I E S . P L A C E T H E N U M B E R S I N T H E M A T R I X .

F O R E X A M P L E , I N A P R O J E C T T O I M P R O V E Y I E L D S , T H E F I R S T R I S K I D E N T I F I E D I S T H A T FA R M E R S M I G H T N O T A D O P T N E W V A R I E T I E S O F S E E D . T H E P R O B A B I L I T Y O F T H I S H A P P E N I N G I S C O N S I D E R E D T O B E M E D I U M A N D T H E I M PA C T O N T H E P R O J E C T I F T H I S R I S K H A P P E N S I S H I G H . S O A ‘ 1 ’ I S P L A C E D I N T H E R E L E V A N T B O X .

Impact/Probability matrix

The ‘If-Then’ test

When we have filled in the objectives for each level, we must make sure the statements are logically linked to each other. To do this, use the ‘If-Then’ test:

1. Look at the activities. If we carry out all of the activities, then will they result in the outputs? 2. Look at the outputs. If the outputs are produced, then will they achieve the purpose? 3. If the purpose is achieved, then will it contribute towards the goal?

For example:• If we train members of the community to maintain and repair hand pumps (activities), then sources

of safe water will be improved (output). • If sources of safe water are improved (output), then access to safe water will be improved (purpose).• If access to safe water is improved (purpose), then the incidence and impact of diarrhoeal disease

will decrease (goal).

T O S E T A N I N D I C AT O R , S I M P LY A S K : “ W H AT W O U L D W E SE E ? ”

I N D I C AT O R S N E E D T O B E :

•S P E C I F I C

•M E A S U R A B L E

•AT TA I N A B L E

•R E S U LT- O R I E N T E D A N D R E L E VA N T

•T I M E - B O U N D

Setting S.M.A.R.T. Indicators

I F A N I N D I C AT O R R E Q U I R E S U S T O A S K “ W H AT W O U L D W E S E E ? ” , F O R E V I D E N C E / M E A N S O F

V E R I F I C AT I O N W E N E E D T O A S K “ W H E R E W O U L D W E S E E T H I S? ”

F O R E XA M P L E , B O D Y T E M P E R AT U R E I S A N I N D I C AT O R O F H E A LT H . A T H E R M O M E T E R

P R O V I D E S T H E E V I D E N C E .

A N I N D I C AT O R A N D T H E E V I D E N C E N E E D S T O B E O B J E C T I V E LY V E R I F I A B L E

Sources of Evidence/Means of Verification