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Gross anatomy of the posterior cerbral circulation
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POSTERIOR CIRCULATION
Dr D Sudeepta RaoPG-General MedicineDCMS
Vertebrobasilar System
Vertebral arteries
Basilar artery
Posterior cerebral arteries
VERTEBROBASILAR SYSTEM
Blood Supply
Upper spinal cordBrain stemCerebellumOccipital lobePart of Temporal lobeThalamusHypothalamus
Vertebral artery(VA)Subclavian arteryAscend in foramina transversaria Upper six cervical vertebraEnter cranial cavity thro foramen
magnumAnterolateral aspect of medullaDivided into 4 parts: V 1 to V 4
DIVISIONS:
• Subclavian occluded proximal to origin of vertebral.
• Leads of reversal in the direction of blood flow in the ipsilateral vertebral artery.
• Exercise of ipsilateral arm may increase demand on vertebral flow, leading to posterior circulation TIAs.
“SUBCLAVIAN STEAL”
Branches of VAAnterior spinal artery
◦Join at mid medullary level◦Descend on ventral midline of spinal
cord◦Supply triangular area of medulla
oblongata
Branches of VA(contd…)Posterior inferior cerebellar
artery◦Largest branch◦Ascends behind the roots of the ix &
x cr. Nerves◦Turns laterally into cerebellar
vallecula◦Medial and lateral branches◦Supply medulla oblongata dorsal to
olivary nucleus & lateral to xii nucleus
Branches of VA(contd…)Posterior spinal artery
Arises from picaMinute medullary branches
Branches of VA:
BRANCHES OF VA
Blood supply of Medulla
Basilar artery(BA)Arise at Lower border of ponsExtend upto upper border of ponsLarge median vessel formed by
union of vertebral arteriesTerminates by dividing into 2
posterior cerebral arteries at the interpeduncular fossa
Branches of Basilar arteryPontine branchesAnterior inferior cerebellar artery
◦Lower part of BA◦Labyrinthine artery◦Supplies inferior cerebellar surface
anterolaterally◦Anastomose with PICA◦Few branches to inferolateral pons
Superior cerebellar artery
Branches of Basilar artery(contd..)Superior cerebellar artery
◦Distal portion of BA◦Oculomotor nerve separates it from
posterior cerebral artery◦Trochlear nerve laterally
Branches of Basilar artery
Branches of Basilar artery
Branches of Basilar artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery(PCA)Terminal branch of basilar arterySurgical nomenclature identifies
3 segments:◦P1 basilar bifurcation to post
communicating a◦P2 portion in perimesencephalic
cistern◦P3 portion in the calcarine fissure
Supplies temporal and occipital lobes◦Has cortical and perforate/central
branches
PCA: Cortical Branches
Temporal branches usually two supply◦Uncus◦Parahippocampus◦Medial and lateral occipetotemporal
gyriOccipital branches supply
◦Cuneus◦Lingual gyrus◦Posterolateral surface of the
occipetal lobe
Posterior Cerebral ArterySupplies visual areas of the
cerebral cortex
Concept of Macular sparring
Posterior Cerebral Artery
PCA: Central branchesSupply subcortical structuresPosteromedial central
branches(thalamo perforate)◦Ant thalamus, subthalamus, latral wall of
third ventricle and globus pallidusPosterolateral central
branches(thalamo geniculate)◦Supply peduncle posterior thalamus,
MGB, superior &inferior colliculiPosterior choroidal branch
◦LGB & ends in the lateral ventricle
PCA: Central branches
Thalamus blood supply
PCA: Cortical Branches
Blood supply of the spinal cordAnterior spinal artery in anterior
median fissureTwo Posterior spinal arteries in
the posterolateral sulcusArterial vasocorona an arterial
plexus in the pia mater
Blood supply of the spinal cord
Main source of bloodMain source of blood to spinal
arteriesVertebral arteries upto cervical
segmentsRadicular ateries that reach the
cord along spinal nerve roots
Main source of blood
THANK YOU