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For Samantha MacBride's policy class. Plastic pollution is a "wicked problem," and policies and other interventions have to take this into account when attempting to deal with the issue. What problems do certain policies and interventions actually solve? Do they solve plastic pollution, or only one small aspect of the issue?
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Plastic pollution policies? Or, how to “solve” a wicked problem.
Max LiboironABD, Media, Culture and Communication
New York UniversityCoordinator, Plastic Pollution Coalition East Coast Chapter
Wicked problems
Image from “Question everything blog”
Ocean plastics
NOAA
Ocean plastics: a soup
Left: image by Max LiboironRight: image from 5 Gyres
Macroplastics
Image: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument-NOAA
Micoplastics
Image by Handsands in the Sand via Flickr
Accumulation: gyres
Plastic Oceans Foundation
Accumulation: gyres
Animation by 5 Gyres based on research by Nickoli Maximenko, 2009
Problems with ocean plastics: entanglements
Left: image by Jim PattersonRight: Image by NOAA
Problems with ocean plastics: hitchhikers & invasive species
Left: Image from Science Safe Kid’s MuseumRight: image by Lindsay Hoshaw
Problems with ocean plastics: ingestion
Top: Image from 5 gyresLower corner: from Browne et al “Ingested Microscopic Plastic Translocates to the Circulatory System of
the Mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.)” 2008.
Problems with ocean plastics: ingestion
Image by Chris Jordan
Problems with ocean plastics: ingestion
Image from Richard Thompson, Plymouth University
Source
OSPAR 2009
Chemical structure of plastic
Left: Ethene-polythene-Chem, Dept St AugustinesRight: Wypych, George, Handbook of Plasticizers 2004
Endocrine disruptors
Endocrine disruptors
Endocrine disruptors
Longevity: POPs
NRDC
Longevity: POPs
NRDC
Forever and Everywhere
Left: Barnes et al 2009. Right: EWG analysis of CDC measurements of BPA in urine from Calafat et al.
2005
MARIPOL
REACH
Green Chemistry
Precautionary Principal
bioplastics
