Quiz 1

• What’s linguistics?

• What’s a gloss?

• Write an immaginary example of synchronic and diachronic linguistics

• What’s language planning?

• Write a small conceptual map with the branches of linguistics.

PhoneticsPhoneticsM.C. Rafael Alberto Velasco ArgenteM.C. Rafael Alberto Velasco Argente

Phonetics and PhonologyPhonetics and Phonology

• Phonetic is different to Phonology in matters that the former refers to the origin and production of sounds. Phonology, in the other hand refers to the sound systems of a language.

Why do I need to learn Why do I need to learn Phonetics?Phonetics?

• Phonetics increases your knowledge in matters of pronunciation.

• By knowing how languages are produce you can better your pronunciation.

• It facilitates the acquisition of new words.

• It helps you to read the dictionary using the correct sounds inscripted in the words.

What’s the first thing to learn What’s the first thing to learn about phonetics?about phonetics?

• First of all you need to know that there are 3 different kinds of Phonetics

AuditoryAuditory

ArticulatoryArticulatory

AcousticAcoustic

Ok, I get it…what’s next?Ok, I get it…what’s next?

• Another thing you should master is the Points of Articulation.

• The Points of Articulation are the essential components of the vocal tract that allow human beings to produce sounds or phonemes

• A phoneme is the minimun part of sound

The Points of Articulation 11

22

44

33

66

99

1111

77

1010

55

88

1212

1313

1.1. Nasal CavityNasal Cavity

2.2. Oral CavityOral Cavity

3.3. LipsLips

4.4. TeethTeeth

5.5. Alveolar ridgeAlveolar ridge

6.6. Hard palateHard palate

7.7. Soft palateSoft palate

8.8. Tip of the Tip of the tonguetongue

9.9. Blade of the Blade of the tonguetongue

10.10. Back of the Back of the tonguetongue

11.11. EpiglottisEpiglottis

12.12. Vocal foldsVocal folds

13.13. PharinxPharinx

How to start noticing the sounds?How to start noticing the sounds?

• The first thing to notice is whether the sounds are voicedvoiced or voicelessvoiceless

• Secondly, to notice whether the sounds are nasalnasal or non-nasalnon-nasal

• Third, to notice whether the sounds are aspiratedaspirated or unaspiratedunaspirated

Very good…and the sounds?Very good…and the sounds?

• Sounds can be classified as consonants (ety. conssonare ‘to sound together, to sound loud’ and vowels (ety. vocalis ‘from the voice’).

• Today we’ll just study the Consonant sounds.Consonant sounds.

Consonants of American EnglishConsonants of American English

• The consonats are classified in 3 large groups

– Manner of pronunciation– Place of production– Voice of production

Let’s practice!

• http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html

Practice 1

• Write the three categories of the following sounds of American English– /p/– /k/

– /ŋ/

I know the vowels. What can you tell I know the vowels. What can you tell me about the vowel sounds?me about the vowel sounds?

• Different from the Consonant sounds, The Vowels sounds generate a vibration. This means that all those sounds are voiced.

• Graphically there are just 5 vowels symbols in our alphabet but there are 12 vowels sound.

• Most of the words containing vowels use the sound ‘Ə’ Shwa

Let’s practice!

• http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html

Let’s practice how good you are Let’s practice how good you are practicing with pronunciation… practicing with pronunciation…

PhonologyPhonology

What’s phonology?What’s phonology?

• According to Yule (2003) Phonology consists in the description of the systems and patters of speech sounds in a language.

• In Human: Phonology refers in how the sounds work when they are pronounced.

What aspects of Phonology should I know?

• Phonemes and phones

• Allophones

• Minipal pairs and sets

• Phonotactics

• Syllables and clusters

• Co-articulation effects

Phonemes and Phones

• The phoneme is the minimal unit of sound. This sound is usually represented with a set of slash marks. – /t/ /k/ /d/ /Ə/

• When someone utters one of these sounds inside a word or phrase then it might turn into a phone– A phone is when you pronounce for example the /t/ in the

following words• Tar - classical /t/• Star- aspirated /t/• Writer- flap /t/ turns into /D/• Eight- /t/ with dental articulation

Minimal Pairs and Minimal SetsMinimal Pairs and Minimal Sets

• Sometimes listening activities are complicated because of the minimal pairs. MPs are two word that just differ in one phoneme. Some of them are very similar in pronunciation and context helps a lot to identify what word they are referring to:

– Sheep-ship– Sheet-shit– Site-side– Bet-bat– Soup-soap

To practice minimal pairs in English you can visit this websitehttp://www.shiporsheep.com/

Minimal Pairs and Minimal SetsMinimal Pairs and Minimal Sets

• A minimal set is a group of words that can be differentiated by changing one phoneme.

– Feat, fit, fat, fate,fought, foot.– Big, pig, rig, gig, dig, wig

Example in the vocal tract

http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~kjohnson/ling110/Lecture_Slides/1_PhoneticTranscription/English_vowels.pdf

Phonotactics

• Phonotactics are your phonetic knowledge into practice. It happens when your mind recognizes that the sound you are producing can/cannot be a word

• [fskŋ]

• [tʃƏ]

Syllables and clusters

• A syllable must contain (at least in English and Spanish) at least a vowel sound. The most common syllable is the one using CV.

Coda nucleus

Syllable

Onset rime

Consonant(s)

Next class…

• Bring an English-Spanish Dictionary!

• Application of phonetics and phonology!