Organ System Organ System OverviewOverview

Organ SystemOrgan System

The human organism consists of The human organism consists of several organ systems.several organ systems.

– Each includes a set of interrelated Each includes a set of interrelated organs that work together to provide organs that work together to provide specialized functions.specialized functions.

– Some organs function in multiple Some organs function in multiple systemssystems

Body CoveringBody Covering

The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System: : protect underlying tissues, helps protect underlying tissues, helps regulate body temperature, regulate body temperature, houses a variety of sensory houses a variety of sensory receptors, keeps pathogens out, receptors, keeps pathogens out, and synthesizes certain products.and synthesizes certain products.

– Examples: The skin and various Examples: The skin and various accessory organs, such as hair, nails, accessory organs, such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glandssweat glands, and sebaceous glands

Support & MovementSupport & Movement

The organs of the skeletal and The organs of the skeletal and muscular system support and move muscular system support and move body parts.body parts.

– Skeletal SystemSkeletal System: bones, ligaments : bones, ligaments and cartilage that binds bones togetherand cartilage that binds bones together

– Muscular SystemMuscular System: muscles & tendons: muscles & tendons

Integration & Integration & CoordinationCoordination The nervous and endocrine systems The nervous and endocrine systems

control and adjust various organ control and adjust various organ functions, which maintains homeostasis.functions, which maintains homeostasis.

– Nervous SystemNervous System: brain, spinal cord, nerves, : brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organsand sense organs

– Endocrine SystemEndocrine System: all the glands that : all the glands that secrete chemical messengers called secrete chemical messengers called hormoneshormones

Nervous SystemNervous System

Nerve cells (called Nerve cells (called neuronsneurons) within the body ) within the body use electrochemical signals called use electrochemical signals called nerve nerve impulsesimpulses to communicate with one another to communicate with one another and with muscles and glands.and with muscles and glands.

– Each impulse produces a fast response and last a Each impulse produces a fast response and last a relatively short time.relatively short time.

Some neurons act as specialized receptors that detect Some neurons act as specialized receptors that detect changes inside and outside the body. changes inside and outside the body. (receptor)(receptor)

Some nerve cells receive the impulses transmitted Some nerve cells receive the impulses transmitted form these sensory receptors and interpret and act on form these sensory receptors and interpret and act on the information received.the information received.

Some nerve cells carry impulses from the brain or Some nerve cells carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands, stimulating them to spinal cord to muscles or glands, stimulating them to contract or to secrete products. contract or to secrete products. (effectors)(effectors)

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

All the glands in your body.All the glands in your body. Secrete Secrete hormones hormones that travel that travel

throughout body in the bloodstream or throughout body in the bloodstream or in in interstitialinterstitial fluid.fluid.

– A particular hormone affects only a A particular hormone affects only a particular group of cells, called particular group of cells, called Target Target CellsCells..

The affect of a hormone is to alter the The affect of a hormone is to alter the metabolism of the target cells.metabolism of the target cells.

– Hormonal effects take longer to occur and last a Hormonal effects take longer to occur and last a relatively long time period.relatively long time period.

Endocrine System Endocrine System Cont.Cont.

Hormones regulate metabolismHormones regulate metabolism

– This system includes the pituitary, This system includes the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, as well as the pancreas, glands, as well as the pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus gland.thymus gland.

TransportTransport

2 organ systems transport 2 organ systems transport substances throughout the internal substances throughout the internal environment:environment:

– Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System: the heart, : the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and bloodarteries, veins, capillaries, and blood

– Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System: lymphatic : lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland, and spleen.thymus gland, and spleen.

Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

Blood transports Blood transports gases, such as gases, such as oxygen and COoxygen and CO22,,

Transport of Transport of nutrients, such nutrients, such as sugars, and as sugars, and wastewaste

Transport of Transport of hormones.hormones.

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Transports lymph Transports lymph fluid from tissues to fluid from tissues to the bloodstream.the bloodstream.

Carries certain fatty Carries certain fatty substances away substances away from the digestive from the digestive organs.organs.

Aids in defending Aids in defending the body against the body against disease-causing disease-causing agents.agents.

Absorption & ExcretionAbsorption & Excretion

Organs in several systems absorb Organs in several systems absorb nutrients and oxygen and excrete nutrients and oxygen and excrete various wastes.various wastes.

– Digestive SystemDigestive System

– Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

– Urinary SystemUrinary System

Digestive SystemDigestive System

The digestive system receives The digestive system receives foods, breaks down food molecules foods, breaks down food molecules into nutrients that can pass through into nutrients that can pass through cell membranes, and eliminates cell membranes, and eliminates materials that are not absorbed.materials that are not absorbed.– It includes the mouth, tongue, teeth, It includes the mouth, tongue, teeth,

salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine.small intestine, and large intestine.

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

The respiratory The respiratory system takes in system takes in oxygen and sends oxygen and sends out carbon dioxide.out carbon dioxide.

– It includes the nasal It includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.bronchi, and lungs.

Urinary SystemUrinary System

The urinary system The urinary system includes the includes the kidneys, ureters, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urinary bladder, and urethra.urethra.

– It filters waste from It filters waste from the blood and helps the blood and helps maintain water, acid-maintain water, acid-base, and electrolyte base, and electrolyte balance.balance.

ReproductionReproduction

The reproductive systems The reproductive systems produce new organisms.produce new organisms.