Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia

Open Access and Open Educational Resources

Sanjaya Mishra 7 August 2013

Higher Education System

Inputs Processes Outputs- Teaching- Learning- Research- Administration- Community living- Community engagement

- Students- Teachers- Researchers- Staff- Infrastructure- Library- Laboratory- Finance- Regulation

- Employable graduates- Research publications/ New Knowledge- Teaching and Learning Resources- Contribution to Society

The Business of Knowledge

Knowledge generation

Knowledge disseminatio

n

Knowledge acquisition

Knowledge certification

Research Communication

Some Problems in the HE Systems

Exponential growth of knowledge

Access to quality teaching and learning resources (textbooks)

Access to technology Access to information

and opportunities

OA and OER

Open Access

Open Educational Resources

OA and OER: Historical perspective

Open Access– Budapest Open

Access Initiative (2002)

– Berlin Declaration (2003)

– Bethesda Statement (2003)

– Many declarations…

Open Educational Resources– MIT OpenCourseware

(2001)– OER term coined at

UNESCO (2002)– OER Paris Declaration

2012

Definitions Open Access: is the

provision of free access to peer-reviewed, scholarly and research information to all. It envisages that the rights holder grants worldwide irrevocable right of access to copy, use, distribute, transmit, and make derivative works in any format for any lawful activities with proper attribution to the original author.

Open Educational Resources: teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. Open licensing is built within the existing framework of intellectual property rights as defined by relevant international conventions and respects the authorship of the work

OA and OER: Four Dimensions

Free

PermanentOpen

Online

Legal View of OA and OER

Benefits of OER and OA

Promote lifelong learning Contribute to social inclusion, gender equity

and education for the special needs Improve cost-efficiency and quality of

teaching and learning Increased access to peer-reviewed

publications Greater visibility and citation of research

works Overall individual and institutional

reputation

What is “Open”?

It’s about open license used to share educational material

Reuse Revise Remix Redistribute No permission required as long as the open

license is respected

Open Licenses

Creative Commons CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC-ND

Concepts Attribution Share Alike Non-Commercial Non-Derivative

OA and OER: Technology and Platforms

OER– Wikipedia,

WikiEducator, Wikivarsity

– Wikispaces, etc.– Connexions, MIT

OpenCourseware, OLI-CMU, FlexiLearn, OpenLearn

– Directory of OER

OA– DOAJ, DOAB– GOAP– Directory of OA

Repositories– Dspace/eprints/

Greenstone– Mega OA journals,

private publishers– Green and Gold OA– Social networking

approach to OA: ResearchGate, Mandeley, Academia.edu

OER Use Case Study 1

• Open Education, 2007

• David Wiley taught a 3 credit course using Wiki

• Used weekly reading and blogging

• Assignments and grading

• Over 50 learners took this course

OER use Case Study 2• SLM Development, 2008• Sanjaya Mishra trained

20 individuals to write self-learning materials

• Used weekly reading and GoogleGroup

• Wiki-based Tasks to develop SLM using wiki

• Learning contract, certification, online activities, visible outputs

OER use Case Study 3

• Bangladesh Open School, SLM Training

• F2F and Online training

• Development of Units

• Collaborative course Development

OA Developments

Gold open Access (9947OA journals, 1162516 articles in DOAJ)

Green Open Access (2353 repositories) Platinum Open Access (Social networking

approach)– Mendeley, Research Gate, Academia.edu etc.

67% of Journals permit some form of self-archiving

Role of COL and CEMCA

COL is the foremost international agency to have adopted OER policy

COL-UNESCO organised the World OER Congress COL Publishes large number of resources on OER CEMCA has developed quality guidelines for OER CEMCA has developed an institutional OER policy

template CEMCA is developing a course on OER-based eLearning CEMCA is developing Self-Directed Learning Materials

of Open Access for Librarians and ResearchersAdvocac

yPolicy Capacity

Materials

THANK YOU