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Network Topologies and Types
Topology● The way in which the computers or other devices
that need to communicate are inter-linked together – Topology● Choice of topology depends on following factors
○ Desired Performance of the system○ Desired Reliability of the system○ No. of nodes(computer or devices) in the system○ Cost of maintaining the network○ Routing information from one node to another
Star Topology● It has multiple nodes connected to host
node● Nodes in the network are interconnected
to each other through host node● They (node) can communicate only
through host node● The entire network is control by host node● The logical path for the communication
between two node is define by host node
Star Topology ● Advantage
○ It has minimal line cost because only n-1 lines are required for connecting n nodes
○ Adding new node in network delay the transmission
○ If host node fails network is down● Dis – Advantage
○ Network depends on host node
Ring Topology● It is represented as a circular or ring network● Each node has two communicating
subordinates● No master or host node to control the network● A node receives data from one of its two
adjacent nodes● Data is utilized if it is for it(node), otherwise
passes to the next node.
Ring Topology● Advantage
○ No central node, to control the network or routing decisions
○ It is more reliable than star topology if one of node is fail than the alternative routing is possible
● Dis Advantage○ Addition of node in network increases
communication delay○ Requires special control software than star
topology
Mesh Topology● It is completely connected network● Each node has Personal physical line for
connecting to all other node ● Each Node has a direct link – Point-to-Point
link● Control is distributed with each node
Mesh Topology● Advantage
○ It is very reliable because failure of any node doesn't affects the network
○ Each node of the network need not have individual routing capability
○ Communication very fast between two nodes● Dis Advantage
○ It is most expensive network
Bus Topology● All nodes in network share single
transmission medium i.e same communication channel
● It appends destination address to message and checks whether channel is free
● Also known as ‘multipoint’ or ‘multidrop’ or ‘broadcast’ network
Bus Topology● Advantage
○ It helps in reducing the number of physical lines○ Failure of any node doesn’t affects the network○ Adding of new nodes to the network is easy
● Dis-Advantage○ All the nodes in a network must have good
communication and decision making capability○ If the shared communication line fails, the entire
network fails
Hybrid Topology● Combination of two or more different
network topologies – Hybrid Topology
● Different network Topologies have their own advantages and limitation
● A pure star or ring topology is rarely used
Types of Network
Characteristics LAN WANGeograhpic Distribution
Only few km Extend upto thousand km
Data Rate Much higher rate than WAN (10
mbps) to1 (gbps)
1200 bps to 2 Mbps
Error Rate Fewer HigherCommunication
LinkTwisted pair,
coaxial cable and fiber optic
Telephone lines, microwave link and satellite channels
Ownership Single Organization
Different Organization
Communication Cost Negligible Costly