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Network Topologies and Types

Network Topologies

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Page 1: Network Topologies

Network Topologies and Types

Page 2: Network Topologies

Topology● The way in which the computers or other devices

that need to communicate are inter-linked together – Topology● Choice of topology depends on following factors

○ Desired Performance of the system○ Desired Reliability of the system○ No. of nodes(computer or devices) in the system○ Cost of maintaining the network○ Routing information from one node to another

Page 3: Network Topologies

Star Topology● It has multiple nodes connected to host

node● Nodes in the network are interconnected

to each other through host node● They (node) can communicate only

through host node● The entire network is control by host node● The logical path for the communication

between two node is define by host node

Page 4: Network Topologies

Star Topology ● Advantage

○ It has minimal line cost because only n-1 lines are required for connecting n nodes

○ Adding new node in network delay the transmission

○ If host node fails network is down● Dis – Advantage

○ Network depends on host node

Page 5: Network Topologies

Ring Topology● It is represented as a circular or ring network● Each node has two communicating

subordinates● No master or host node to control the network● A node receives data from one of its two

adjacent nodes● Data is utilized if it is for it(node), otherwise

passes to the next node.

Page 6: Network Topologies

Ring Topology● Advantage

○ No central node, to control the network or routing decisions

○ It is more reliable than star topology if one of node is fail than the alternative routing is possible

● Dis Advantage○ Addition of node in network increases

communication delay○ Requires special control software than star

topology

Page 7: Network Topologies

Mesh Topology● It is completely connected network● Each node has Personal physical line for

connecting to all other node ● Each Node has a direct link – Point-to-Point

link● Control is distributed with each node

Page 8: Network Topologies

Mesh Topology● Advantage

○ It is very reliable because failure of any node doesn't affects the network

○ Each node of the network need not have individual routing capability

○ Communication very fast between two nodes● Dis Advantage

○ It is most expensive network

Page 9: Network Topologies

Bus Topology● All nodes in network share single

transmission medium i.e same communication channel

● It appends destination address to message and checks whether channel is free

● Also known as ‘multipoint’ or ‘multidrop’ or ‘broadcast’ network

Page 10: Network Topologies

Bus Topology● Advantage

○ It helps in reducing the number of physical lines○ Failure of any node doesn’t affects the network○ Adding of new nodes to the network is easy

● Dis-Advantage○ All the nodes in a network must have good

communication and decision making capability○ If the shared communication line fails, the entire

network fails

Page 11: Network Topologies

Hybrid Topology● Combination of two or more different

network topologies – Hybrid Topology

● Different network Topologies have their own advantages and limitation

● A pure star or ring topology is rarely used

Page 12: Network Topologies

Types of Network

Characteristics LAN WANGeograhpic Distribution

Only few km Extend upto thousand km

Data Rate Much higher rate than WAN (10

mbps) to1 (gbps)

1200 bps to 2 Mbps

Error Rate Fewer HigherCommunication

LinkTwisted pair,

coaxial cable and fiber optic

Telephone lines, microwave link and satellite channels

Ownership Single Organization

Different Organization

Communication Cost Negligible Costly