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Network Design
Topology
Objective
• Given instructions, the learner will design a computer network topology with 85% accuracy.
Topology
• The physical layout of the network devices and cabling and how all the components communicate with each other.
• The basic four types of computer network topologies:
– Mesh
– Bus
– Ring
– Star
Mesh Topology
• Also call Point-to-Point Topology
• Each device is connected directly to all other devices on the network.
• A mesh topology provides Fault Tolerance, or the ability to overcome a failure.
• The fault tolerance allows the network to continue functioning in the event of a cable failure.
• Commonly used by WAN
Bus Topology
• Bus topology is a common type of Multipoint Topology
• Sharing is the key to multipoint topology.
• A computer network bus topology is characterized by one starting point and one ending point.
Parts of Bus Topology
• Segment– A single cable that runs the length
of computer network.
• Terminator– A device that absorb signal in a
bus topology. Located at each end of the cable
– The bus cannot function without the terminator.
• Packet-sniffing– Special software that views all of
the packets as they pass by on a network.
– It all allows network administrators to monitor network traffic and identify problems.
Bus Topology
Advantages
• It is simple and reliable.
• It requires a small amount of cable.
• Adding more devices to the network is easy to do.
Disadvantages
• Troubleshooting problems is difficult to do.
• It becomes slower as more devices are added to the network.
• A cable problem can shutdown the entire network.
Ring Topology
• A multipoint topology is the opposite of a bus.
• The bus has two end point, however, a ring is a circle with no end points.
Ring Topology
Advantages
• It is the easiest topology to manage and troubleshoot.
• Adding additional devices is easy to do.
• One malfunctioning computer or cable doesn’t stop the entire network.
Disadvantages
• If the hub fails, the entire network stops.
• It requires more cable.
• Cable installation can be more difficult.
Star Network
• A multipoint star topology gets it name from the fact that it resembles a star when viewed from above.
• The central device is known as a Hub.
• The hub is responsible for receiving and forwarding the packets to the other devices on the network.
Star Topology
Advantages
• It is the easiest topology to manage and troubleshoot.
• Adding additional devices is easy to do.
• One malfunctioning computer or cable doesn’t stop the entire network.
Disadvantages
• If the hub fails, the entire network stops.
• It requires more cable.
• Cable installation can be more difficult.
Hybrids Topology
• Variations of standard topology
Star Bus Topology
• Typically used to connect multiple hubs in star topologies with a bus topology
Star-Ring Topology
• Is wired liked a star but functions like a ring.
Star-Wired Ring Topology
• A topology that is wired like a star but functions like a ring.
Network Design Activity
• Use the internet to research a office, computer lab, library, call center, etc. layout to create a topology layout using the Paint application on your computer. As seen in the example below created by your instructor.