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This is a work in progress. Gives basic background on Napoleon's rise and fall for use in our Western Civ class
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Napoleon Bonaparte Scoundrel or Savior?
Napoleon Bonaparte 1769-1821
Born on French ruled island of Corsica (in the Mediterranean)
– Discouraged he could not find acceptance by the upper class students.
– He struggled with the idea that he was brighter than most of his classmates but did not receive the recognition due to his lack of status. This drove him to study harder and fueled his ambitions.
Minor aristocrat (noble). Poor noble but attended schools with the privileged.
1789 Napoleon was a French lieutenant during the French Revolutionary war.
Fought the British in 1793 and helped drive them out of France. The French Revolutionary War years proved to be successful ones for Napoleon. He finds himself on the battlefield. VERY POPULAR
Promoted to General and given an army. Defeats Austria, then invades Egypt. WHY Egypt??
His First Defeat
British Navy defeats French at Battle of the Nile.
Napoleon is cut off. Can not hope to take over the Middle East
Hears things are going bad in Paris
Napoleon Returns to France
1799 he leaves Egypt, returns to France and helps overthrow the weakened Directory.
1802 Napoleon names himself First Consul for life. 1804 named himself “Emperor of the French”.
Crowned Himself
Political Plusses Maintained firm control over
France – stability Napoleonic Code – a unified
legal system people could understand
Created a national bank, schools, 1st “modern” hospitals
The Imperial ImageThe Imperial Image
Louisiana Purchase, 1803Louisiana Purchase, 1803
$15,000,000$15,000,000
Napoleonic Wars 1804-1812
Defeats Austria – again Takes over Spain, Prussia (Eastern Germany),
Holy Roman Empire (western Germany), Italy. Could never manage to invade England.
British Navy defeats him again at Battle of Trafalgar (off the coast of Spain)
*Battle of Aboukir 2 Jan - 20 Feb, 1799 *Siege of Acre 17 Mar - 20 May, 1799 *Battle of Arcola 15-17 Nov, 1796 *Battle of Aspern-Essling 22 May, 1809 *Battle of Auerstadt 14 Oct, 1806 *Battle of Austerlitz 2 Dec, 1805 *Battle of Badajoz 16 Mar - 6 Apr, 1812 *Battle of Bautzen 21 May, 1813 *Battle of Borodino 7 Sep, 1812 *Battle of Copenhagen 2 Apr, 1801 *Battle of Corunna 16 Jan, 1809 *Battle of Dresden 26-27 Aug, 1813 *Battle of Eckmühl 22 Apr, 1809 *Battle of Eylau 7-8 Feb, 1807 *Battle of Friedland 14 Jun, 1807 *Siege of Hamburg 30 May, 1813 - 27 May, 1814 *Battle of Heilsberg 10 Jun, 1807 *Battle of Jena 14 Oct, 1806 *Battle of Leipzig 16-19 Oct, 1813
*Battle of Ligny 16 Jun, 1815*Battle of Lodi 10 May, 1796*Battle of Latzen 2 May, 1813*Battle of Marengo 14 Jun, 1800*Battle of Medellin 28 March, 1809*Battle of the Mincio River 8 Feb, 1814*Battle of the Nile 1-2 Aug, 1798*Battle of Ocana 19 Nov, 1809*Battle of the Pyramids 21 Jul, 1798*Battle of Quatre Bras 16 Jun, 1815*Battle of Rivoli 14-15 Jan, 1797*Battle of Salamanca 22 Jul, 1812*Battle of Somosierra 30 Nov, 1808*Battle of Talavera 27-28 Jul, 1809*Battle of Trafalgar 21 Oct, 1805*Battle of Toulon Sep - Dec, 1793 (siege)*Battle of Ulm 16-19 Oct, 1805*Battle of Vimiero 20 Aug, 1808*Battle of Vitoria 21 Jun, 1813*Battle of Wagram 5-6 Jul, 1809*Battle of Waterloo 18 Jun, 1815*Battle of Wavre 18-19 Jun, 1815
Battles of Napoleon
Napoleon’s Achilles HealNapoleon’s Achilles Heal
Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)
BritainFrance 1805: SeaPowerSeaPower
Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar
“Continental System”
Imposes Continental System to blockade Britain
Backfires – British navy cuts off supplies to France Also results in US and Britain going to war – the war of
1812
Other Stirrings of discontent
People in conquered nations not happyGuerrilla warfare in Spain (hit and run)Prussians raising their army secretly
Russia stops playing by Continental SystemStarts trading w/ Britain
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
“Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
How to deal with Spanish guerrillas
This Continental System
Stinks!
Spanish Guerrilla
1812 1812 He invades RussiaHe invades Russia Teach those Ruskies a Teach those Ruskies a
lesson!!!lesson!!!
Big MistakeBig Mistake
Note to self - Never invade Note to self - Never invade Russia Russia
Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812
Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812
Around Half a Million French troopsAround Half a Million French troops
Napoleon meets “General Napoleon meets “General Winter” and “General Winter” and “General Mud”Mud”
Ooops!Ooops!
Russians use Russians use “Scorched Earth” “Scorched Earth” tactictactic
Nothing left to eatNothing left to eat All houses burnedAll houses burned Moscow burnedMoscow burned Winter sets inWinter sets in
-40 degrees F-40 degrees F
Napoleon must Napoleon must retreatretreat
Thousands of Thousands of soldiers diesoldiers die
Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813)
•422,000 enter……………10,000 leave
Defeated and ExiledDefeated and Exiled
Napoleon can not defend Napoleon can not defend FranceFrance
Allies gang up Allies gang up Defeat Napoleon at the Defeat Napoleon at the
Battle of NationsBattle of Nations
Napoleon Exiled to Elba Napoleon Exiled to Elba
The 100 Days – The The 100 Days – The Return of NapoleonReturn of Napoleon
Napoleon escapes exileNapoleon escapes exile
June 18, 1815 – Battle of WaterlooJune 18, 1815 – Battle of Waterloo
• Largest battle up to that timeLargest battle up to that time
• Finally defeated by The British Finally defeated by The British “Duke of Wellington”“Duke of Wellington”
• We will watch part of the movie We will watch part of the movie to see what happened here.to see what happened here.
Waterloo – the endWaterloo – the end
Sent to exile again on Sent to exile again on St. HelenaSt. Helena
St. Helena
Napoléon’s TombNapoléon’s Tomb
His LegacyHis Legacy How did he die?How did he die?
Cancer????? Poison???Cancer????? Poison???
Nobody is certainNobody is certain What were the results from Napoleon?What were the results from Napoleon?
France? Britain? Russia? Prussia? Italy?France? Britain? Russia? Prussia? Italy?
Where does Europe go from here?Where does Europe go from here?