ANDREW GOODWIN Goodwin suggests that there are 4 key

elements which help to form his theory.

Thought through beat Link between song and visuals Narrative and performance Star image

ANDREW GOODWIN CONT.Goodwin implies that music videos use

genre characteristics. An example of this may include:

• The Rap genre traditionally has a star who talks about getting money.

• Moreover, these genres also relate to film genres which can be called intertextuality. (Eg: Daft Punk can be linked to the Sci-Fi genre)

VOYEURISMGoodwin also link his theory to Laura Mulveys male gaze, which is the idea that the audience are more likely to be intrigued if the artist is dressed in a seductive manner; making it more pleasurable for the audience. These seductive codes are presented through props and costume.

For example : Miley Cyrus- Wrecking Ball

Image of her licking the sledge hammer creates enigmas of sexual intent and her constant repetitive direct address also helps to further imply the seductive personality of Miley Cyrus.

Thought through the beat

1. Analysing and processing the structure of the song (chorus and verse).2. Main voice of the song.3.Story which the artist is trying to tell within their song.Eg: Beyoncé – ‘if I were a boy’

LINK BETWEEN SONG AND VISUALSThree sub-divisions: Illustrate- Music video include certain images and shots to

explain the meaning of a lyric within their song or to link to the genre.

Disjuncture- the meaning of the song is completely ignored in the music video

Amplify- (repeated) when the images and camera shot are manipulated throughout the music video, drumming into our vision.

ILLUSTRATE‘Girl with

money’ Ellie Goulding is

pictured riding on horse in

Vegas. Vegas is usually a place where you go

to spend money

gambling in Casinos.

DISJUNCTION

The song is called hideaway but none of the dance moves or camera shots link to the lyrics within the song.

AMPLIFY Repeated images throughout the song to help drum the messages in to our minds.

NARRATIVE AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SONGGoodwin believed ' it was important for an artist to be in their

music video acting as the main character or the singer' This is because it helps to make the video look more realistic

Adele- Hello stars as the main character within her music video.

STAR IMAGE (PROTAGONIST) Vital aspect of the music video because it contributes to the success of a

music video. Making it looks more appealing and unique. The star image is always presented as being unique in term of the way they are

dressed (costume), hair, makeup, dance moves and overall appearance and mannerisms.

Helping to provide them with an overall reputation, increasing or decreasing their popularity.

Rihanna’s controversial video helped to make her video unique but also increased her popularity as people began to talk about it.

Moreover, Drakes hotline bling video also helped to increase his popularity as people began to talk about his dance moves.

DEBORAH HOLDSTEIN Messages and Structures about music videosShe believed that videos were divided in to two categories1. Explicit political themed videos2. Videos which rival the traditional U.S Musical themeIn addition she believed that fantasy film was based entirely on performance , which pus the singer or performer in a mythical, medieval, exotic location and creating unique images. Moreover music videos makes the artist more accessible to the fans, helping the fans to feel more connected and closer.

HOLDSTEIN EXAMPLEHoldstein analysed the Michael Jackson track ‘beat it’.Her question was ‘ is Jackson being portrayed as a political commentator, mediator of social conflict. It could be said that this example does address Racism and social class because of the lyrics used within the video. It could be said however that Macklemore ‘Same love’ is an explicit political themed video because the views expressed in the video are talking about Gay rights which is a left wing and very liberal viewpoint/mind-set.

HOLDSTEIN CONT.She believed there were 3 qualities of a star in a music videoThe star was a :• Fantasy or prophet • Political commentator or narrator • Mediator or point for resolution

Deborah took interest in Michael Jackson

music videos because he was a big advocate for the last

two bullet points Example Lady Gaga Bad Romance – star as a point of resolution for the social issue of sex trafficking in

Russia

SVEN CARLSON His theory;• Binary opposition drives the music video

forward helping to captivate those who watch the music video.

Music videos fall in to two categories• Conceptual- single idea or concept (The A Team- Ed Sheeran)

• Performance – showing footage of an artist in casual locations (Nicole Scherzinger- Try with me)

CARLSON CONT.He believes: • The performer is often made into a commercial

exhibitionist ( materialised almost ); made into a product and nothing more.

• Commercial Exhibitionist- flaunts their body sexually in order to win money/wealth or attention.

• Televised Bard – a singing story teller who uses a range of shots as opposed to personalised images. (Singer ‘tells story’ while images illustrate what they’re singing)

• Electronic Shaman, they are invisible but there voice anchors the visuals. Artist seem to have magical powers or takes the viewer into a fantasy world.

CARLSON EXAMPLE SIA Chandelier SIA doesn’t actually feature in them music video but her voice anchors the visuals