Auxiliary words Modal

What is modal ?

Modals is a verb that combines with another verb to indicate mood or tense.Modals adalah kata kerja bantu (auxiliary) yang memberikan arti tambahan dalam kalimat dan tidak mengubah bentuk gramatika suatu kata kerja.

Types of modalsCanMayWillShallMustCouldMightWouldShouldOught to

CanMenyatakan kemampuan (ability).e.g.:He can speak five language.Menyatakan kemungkinan (possibility).e.g.:It can snow in April.Menyatakan ijin/ kebolehan (permission).e.g.:You can go now.Can = be able to jika digunakan dalam future/ perfect tense.e.g.:She has been able to solve the problem herself.

May

Menyatakan kebolehan/ ijin (Permission).e.g.: May I ask you a question ?Menyatakan kemungkinan (possibility).e.g.: It may rain tonight.Menyatakan harapan (wish).May you soon be well again.

Will

Menyatakan future (to be going to).e.g.: He will take an English course in

Australia next semester.Menyatakan persetujuan dan keinginan.e.g.: I will do whatever you think best.Menyatakan permintaan.e.g.: Will you close the door, please ?

ShallMenyatakan future (to be going to). Sebaiknya digunakan untuk subjek I dan We.e.g.: I shall leave for Harvard tomorrow.Menyatakan persetujuan atau bantuan untuk melakukan sesuatu bagi orang lain.e.g.: Shall I answer the telephone for

you (= Do you want me to answer the telephone ?).

Menyatakan keputusan (decision) yang harus dilaksanakan.e.g.: You shall go out now.

MustMenyatakan kebutuhan (necessity) dan keharusan (=have to).e.g.: I must take a rest. (=I have to take a

rest).Menyatakan kemungkinan kuat (strong possibility).e.g.: She was absent yesterday. She must

have been sick again.Menyatakan kesimpulan (conclusion).e.g.: The door is locked. He must not be at

home. Must = to be to = am/ is/ are/ have/ has/ was/ were/ had to.e.g.: They must submit their assignments a

week ago. = They were to submit their assignments a week ago.

Could

Bentuk lampau (past tense) dari CAN dan menyatakan kebolehan.e.g.: You could come to my house yesterday night.

Might

Bentuk lampau (past tense) dari MAY dan menyatakan kemungkinan besar.e.g.: If you invited him, he might come to

the meeting.

Would

Bentuk lampau (past tense) dari WILL dan menyatakan permintaan yang lebih sopan.e.g.: I would go if it did not rain yesterday.

Should

Menyatakan anjuran (advisability).e.g.: You look pale, you should see a doctor.Menyatakan kewajiban (obligatory/ duty) = ought to.e.g.: Everyone should (ought to) respect

parents.Menyatakan kesimpulan yang sudah jelas.e.g.: She took singing lesson for years,

she should be an excellent singer.

Ought to

Menyatakan keharusan yang tak terlaksanakan (seyogyanya/ sebaiknya).e.g.: You ought to have gone yesterday.

(= You did not go yesterday).

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