Chapter 5, Section 4

Kings and Popes

KEY TERMSChapter 5.4

Nation

Where have you heard the term nation?

…one nation under god, with liberty and justice for all

Magna

Carta

Parliament

Pronounced

Par

La

ment

Kings gain Power

• As feudalism declines, power shifts from feudal lords, to kings.

• Kings become main authority in their kingdom.

• Common language and culture gives rise to Nations

NATION

• Your book defines a nation as a community that shares a government.

• A more in-depth definition would be– Nation: A relatively large group of people

organized under a single, usually independent government; a country

England’s Government - Monarchy

King John of England (1155-

1216)

King John

• King John was one of the villains in Robin Hood.

• He is referred to as Prince John in many versions including Disney’s Robin Hood.

• Something King John did affects our lives still today.

The nobles revolted

YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS DATE

1215I WILL NOT REQUIRE YOU TO KNOW THE MONTH

AND DAY BUT FOR THE FIRST TIME THIS YEAR

YOU MUST KNOW THE YEAR

In 1215, Nobles demand a meeting with the King

• Never before had anyone successfully demanded anything of the King.

• As in Robin Hood, King John taxes the people heavily, takes church property and is very harsh to his people

King John Is Unpopular

MAGNA CARTA

• King John is forced to sign The Magna Carta.

• The Magna Carta (Great Document) is the first time a King’s powers have been limited by the law of the land.

Magna Carta

• The Magna Carta is the first document which states the rights of the people

• These rights include:– Nobles cannot be jailed without cause– Nobles cannot be taxed without consent or

representation– Creation of a council of advisors (Parliament)

Parliament

• The Magna Carta paved the way for a new form of government, Parliament.

• For the first time, people had a say in the government besides the King.

• England (Great Britain/United Kingdom) still has a monarch today (Queen Elizabeth) but their power has been limited since the Magna Carta.

How Does The Magna Carta effect us today?

Basis of English and United States law as well as the Bill of Rights

Hundred Years’ War

I. 1337-1453 – War between France and England over control of each others throne - Fought mainly in France

How long did the Hundred Years War Last?

•Started 1338

•Ended 1453

•115 YEARS

1. Joan of Arc – 1429 – a French peasant girl believed God had told her free France from England

A. Joan of Arc led the French army into battle and won the Battle at Orleans, freeing France from England

B. Later she was captured in battle and tried for being a heretic (someone whose beliefs went against those of the Catholic Church)

A. RESULT – Weakened church even further

C. She was condemned as a witch and a heretic (she claimed to hear voices). She was tied to a stake and burned to death.

2. French knights were helpless against the longbow during the Hundred Years’ War. This brought an end to the power/prestige of knights and the Age of Chivalry

II. Results of the Hundred Years’ War – •decrease in chivalry and knighthood due to longbow

II. Results of the Hundred Years’ War – •increase in French power – monarchy

II. Results of the Hundred Years’ War – •Created a feeling of nationalism (a sense of loyalty and pride in one’s country) in France

The end of the Hundred Years’ War (1453) is considered the end of the Middle Ages.

It is the end of:

Age of ChivalryAge of Faith

Age of Feudalism

Early Middle Ages

(500-1000)

Later Middle Ages

(1000-1500)

7 Characteristics

7 Characteristics