Lodging & Accommodation

LODGING AND ACCOMMODATION

(updated January 2015) Sourced from the Lesson Plan for Principles of Tourism II

OBJECTIVES Identify the scale and size of lodging and

accommodation sector.

Explain the structure of accommodation sector.

Discuss the evolution of the industry.

UNIT TOPICS

1. The types of accommodations

2. The Structure of the accommodation sector

3. The nature of the accommodation sector

4. The management of the commercial accommodation sector

5. Quality issues and grading

ACCOMMODATION AND THE TOURISM PRODUCT

Necessary component in tourism development within any/all destinations that seeks to serve visitors other than day-trippers

Quality and range reflects and influences the range of visitors to a location

Plays an important role in the overall economic contribution which tourism makes at a local and national level.

Medlik and Ingram (2000)

“ Hotels play an important role in most countries in providing facilities for the transaction of businesses,

for meetings and conferences, for recreation and entertainment…. In many areas hotels are

important attractions for visitors who bring to them spending power and who tend to spend at a higher rate than when they do when they are at home.”

THE ACCOMMODATION PRODUCT COMPRISES

1. Location

2. Facilities

3. Services

4. Image

5. Price

What is the difference between lodging and accommodation?

THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

1. HOTELS - is the most significant and

visible sub-sector. Hotels provides greatest total employment in global terms, they account for the highest level of receipts and are traditionally viewed as an accommodation that also provides F&B services to short-stay guests on a paying basis

2. GUEST HOUSES, INNS, FARM HOUSES, BED & BREAKFAST are small, family-style environment with simple and limited operations where guests may share facilities and/or meals with their host

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I. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOMMODATIONS

3. SELF –CATERING ACCOMMODATION are combination of accommodation with additional recreational areas and the facility to prepare food on a personal basis.

An example is the apartment which is a major element in many Mediterranean resorts.

Other examples includes cottages and gites.


4. CAMPUS ACCOMMODATIONS

Its facility use includes both within and outside tourism sector and is often used in a semi-permanent basis by students.


5. TIME SHARE are accommodation facilities that

have limited private ownership or they are period-constrained usually limited to 1-2 weeks a year. They are self-catering holiday home ownership.

A form of period-constrained, self-catering, holiday, home ownership, which provides additional benefits to owners in the form of possible access to similar properties in resorts throughout the world through exchange consortia.


6. YOUTH ACCOMMODATIONS - Young people

tends to utilize accommodation at the low cost end of the market bed and breakfasts

Youth hotels such as those run by the Youth Hotel Association (YHA), Young Men’s Associations (YMCA) and Young women’s Christian Association (YWCA) and their local equivalent as well as camp sites


7. CAMPING & CARAVAN SITES Travellers bring their own accommodation to the destination in the form of tents, caravans or trailers.

These accommodations are restricted in terms of space and privacy.

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8. MEDICAL FACILITY ACC Not normally seen as part of the tourism industry although facilities in hospitals, especially in private institutions, are close to the best available within tourism accommodations

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9. CRUISE LINERS AND FERRIES – long-distance

passenger liners provide accommodation facilities designed as a necessary facility and ancillary to the prime purpose of transport

Ferries, on the other hand, provides functional but limited accommodation services.

For long – distance passenger liners.

The main form of transport for those wishing for translatic or intercontinental travel in the era that proceed the development of wide bodied jets.


10 TRAINS AND AIRCRAFT

Modernized version of trains provide hotel comforts to the maximum permitted by space

Bed-like comfort for long-haul travelers on aircrafts for first-class payee

Similar provision but not a lower scale for business class


11. VISITING RELATIVES AND/OR FRIENDS

Utilize facilities within the homes of their family or friends

Major element within the tourism industries of many countries, especially domestic tourism


COMMERCIAL SECTOR Operate on the principle of open public access, public can move freely throughout these facilities without deterrent of highly visible security barriers. A firm that has nothing to do with farming, manufacturing or transportation business.

II. Structure of the Accommodation Sector

II. Structure of the Accommodation Sector

Commercial Sector

Hotels, licensed Hotels, unlicensed Motels Private Hotels Guesthouse Farmhouses

Caravan Parks Villas, Apartments,

Chalets

Holiday centers, Villages, Camps

Cruise Ships Hired Yachts

Non-Commercial Sector

Youth Hostels YMCA

Private Caravan Private Camping

Private Motor homes Private Yachts

Home Exchanges Timeshare

Second homes VFR

Educational Institutions

III. THE DISTINCTIVE NATURE OF ACCOMMODATION

1. The first area is the concept that hospitality and accommodation compromise both tangible and intangible factors

- Tangible aspects would include: physical surroundings, equipment needed, décor, location, and f&b

- Intangible: atmosphere present in an establishment and most importantly, the service that the guest experiences

2. Concerns the inseparability of the production and consumption of good and services in this sector. The goods and services consumed has no lasting value

3. The fact that is immediately perishable. Means it cannot be stored and if it is not sold for any given night, the opportunity of sale will be lost forever.

SECTORAL OVERLAP

Accommodation sector may or may not exist in organizational isolation from other section of tourism economy

Operations that provide accommodation facilities and nothing else – some budget hotel product , self- catering cottages and campsites.

Two Fairly unique aspects of the management in this business(from our reference book):

1. The concept of overbooking is relatively common within commercial accommodation.

2. In an effort to manage the reservation system and as a means of ensuring the maximum numbers of rooms are full at any given time, accommodation providers have yield or revenue management.

IV. THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL ACCOMMODATION

Most of the skills required for effective accommodation management in hospitality organizations will also be required by any hotel of modest or greater size. These include: 1. front office management (comprising reservations, night audit and, in high-end establishments, the bell captain’s office and the concierge); 2. housekeeping management (including the cleaning of all public and private spaces, although often an establishment’s kitchens are excluded from the sphere of responsibility of the housekeeping department and are the sole responsibility of the head or executive head chef); 3. engineering and maintenance (although in some instances this may be a separate department); 4. revenue management (which may be a function of front office or, alternately, of a separate sales and marketing department); and 5. safety and security management.

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IV. THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL ACCOMMODATION

V. QUALITY ISSUES AND GRADING IN THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR

It may apply to all sub-sectors but is predominantly used with respect to hotels.

Classification – “The assignments of hotels to a categorical rating according to type or property , Facilities and amenities offered“

Grading – Quality Dimension, quality perceived to be an add- on which does not impact upon the star rating of an establishment.

ACCOMMODATION CLASSIFICATION

Currently there is no international standard of classification for accommodation establishments. Different continents and sometimes different countries use variation of classification for accommodation establishments

Star System

Diamond System

Silver or Gold System

ACCOMMODATION GRADING

In South Africa, all accommodation establishments can be graded through the Tourism Grading Council of South Africa. (Sourced from:http://www.tourismgrading.co.za/get-graded/what-is-

star-grading/)

“Local establishments are graded from 1 Star up to 5 Stars. With 1 Star being

very basic in the facilities it offers and 5 Stars being a place with all the bells and whistles. But you need not be a triple-story plush hotel owner to be awarded a 5 Star Grading. When our Assessors perform a grading, they are mindful of the type of accommodation being graded. This means that it is possible for smaller B&B’s to achieve 5 Star Grading’s too – provided they meet the relevant criteria.”

Others in Europe are graded using A, B or C grading.

PURPOSE OF ACCOMMODATION CLASSIFICATION INCLUDE:

HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR

Service intensive business within accommodation are also labor-intensive and are always likely to remain so. This is despite considerable improvements in : productivity through use of technology ; training ; system efficiency ; and management effectiveness.

Information Technology and Accommodation Sector

Student Learning Guide for Principles of Tourism II The management of the accommodation sector sourced throug http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/53483_Wood,_Chapter_1.pdf

References:

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ASSIGNMENT

1. In your Student Learning Guide, please answer page 54 and pass the Student Learning Guide on January 28.

2. How are hotels classified? Give example per classification.

3. How are hotel graded? Give a grading example.