Local development planning 2

LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PLANNING

AND MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AND MANAGEMENT IN RURAL DISTRICTS OF ZAMBIA: THE DISTRICTS OF ZAMBIA: THE

CASE OF CHONGWE.CASE OF CHONGWE.

PresentationPresentationbyby

Yasini MulimbaYasini MulimbaMSc Student, Geography,MSc Student, Geography,

University of ZambiaUniversity of Zambia

STRUCTURE OF STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

►BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND►STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM►OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES►RESEARCH QUESTIONSRESEARCH QUESTIONS►SCOPE OF THE STUDYSCOPE OF THE STUDY►SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYSIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY►RESEARCH METHODOLOGYRESEARCH METHODOLOGY►TIME TABLE AND BUDGETTIME TABLE AND BUDGET

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

► In recent years, expectations for In recent years, expectations for effective development policies and effective development policies and initiatives seem to shift from the realm initiatives seem to shift from the realm of nation-state, to the sub-region or of nation-state, to the sub-region or local levellocal level

►This shift started in Europe and North This shift started in Europe and North America where planning for, and America where planning for, and promotion of local economic promotion of local economic development (LED) emerged in the 70s.development (LED) emerged in the 70s.

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND

►The emergence of LED was in response The emergence of LED was in response to :to :

liberalization and privatization coupled liberalization and privatization coupled with with decentralization in the developed decentralization in the developed

worldworld

social and economic crises in localities social and economic crises in localities in the in the developing countries; anddeveloping countries; and

Spatial inequalities of access to Spatial inequalities of access to opportunities opportunities between the urban between the urban centers centers

and the rural areas and the rural areas


►Today, towns and cities as well as Today, towns and cities as well as rural areas face an ever increasing rural areas face an ever increasing number of challengesnumber of challenges

►Accordingly, LED planning is Accordingly, LED planning is becoming an increasing important becoming an increasing important activity across communities through activity across communities through out the worldout the world

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND ► In Zambia, the centralized approach In Zambia, the centralized approach

characterized development planning characterized development planning between 1964 and 1990 between 1964 and 1990

►This approach failed to improve This approach failed to improve standards of living in rural and urban standards of living in rural and urban areas.areas.

►Consequently, there has been a shift by Consequently, there has been a shift by the Central Government to “bottom-up” the Central Government to “bottom-up” strategies and decentralizationstrategies and decentralization


►Since 1991, several LED initiatives Since 1991, several LED initiatives have been promoted across Zambia have been promoted across Zambia

► In 2002, the Zambian Government In 2002, the Zambian Government adopted the decentralization policy adopted the decentralization policy

►The policy provides for the The policy provides for the establishment of local authorities as establishment of local authorities as the focal point for planning and the focal point for planning and delivery of public services in the district delivery of public services in the district

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND►However, inexperienced and small rural However, inexperienced and small rural

districts councils appear to have capacity districts councils appear to have capacity problems in terms of planning, financing problems in terms of planning, financing and managing their new responsibilities.and managing their new responsibilities.

►Therefore, this proposed study intends to Therefore, this proposed study intends to investigate the competency and capacity investigate the competency and capacity of Chongwe as a rural district council to:of Chongwe as a rural district council to:

undertake local development planning undertake local development planning and and

provide effective public services in the provide effective public services in the district.district.

STATEMENT OF THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.PROBLEM.

►Local authorities in Zambia have been Local authorities in Zambia have been given considerable responsibilities given considerable responsibilities under the National Decentralisation under the National Decentralisation Policy.Policy.

►This is in addition to many functions This is in addition to many functions local authorities are required to local authorities are required to discharge under the local government discharge under the local government Act no 22 of 1991Act no 22 of 1991

STATEMENT OF THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMPROBLEM

► local authorities are required to:local authorities are required to:

formulate and implement local formulate and implement local development development plans.plans.

delivery of effective public services to delivery of effective public services to their their constituencies with the constituencies with the participation of the participation of the local local communitycommunity..


►to provide effective public services in to provide effective public services in their constituencies, with the their constituencies, with the participation of the local communities.participation of the local communities.


► In line with this, studies have been In line with this, studies have been done in Ndola, Kitwe Lusaka and done in Ndola, Kitwe Lusaka and Livingstone districts Livingstone districts

to assess the capacity of the local to assess the capacity of the local authorities to plan and authorities to plan and

deliver public services.deliver public services.

►The results show that the councils The results show that the councils lack the required capacities.lack the required capacities.


►Similarly, studies have been done in Similarly, studies have been done in Lusaka, Choma, Chongwe and Luwingu Lusaka, Choma, Chongwe and Luwingu Districts on factors effecting local Districts on factors effecting local authorities to effectively provide public authorities to effectively provide public services.services.

►The results of the studies show that the The results of the studies show that the local authorities have problems in terms local authorities have problems in terms ofof::

financial managementfinancial management skilled manpower, and skilled manpower, and equipments for public service deliveryequipments for public service delivery


►However, no comprehensive study However, no comprehensive study has been done in rural districts, has been done in rural districts, particularly Chongwe, to:particularly Chongwe, to:

assess the competency and capacity of assess the competency and capacity of the local authority and to undertake the local authority and to undertake local development planning andlocal development planning and

to provide effective public services in to provide effective public services in the district, with the participation of the the district, with the participation of the local community local community


►Though Chongwe is different from Though Chongwe is different from city/urban districts in terms of the city/urban districts in terms of the size of its population and the size of its population and the economic base, it is expected to economic base, it is expected to discharge the same functions as discharge the same functions as urban/city districtsurban/city districts. .

►Hence, it is imperative that a Hence, it is imperative that a research is undertaken in Chongwe research is undertaken in Chongwe District.District.

GENERAL OBJECTIVEGENERAL OBJECTIVE ►To examine the competency and To examine the competency and

capacity of Chongwe District Council in capacity of Chongwe District Council in terms of:terms of:

local development planning and local development planning and public service delivery, in Chongwe District. public service delivery, in Chongwe District.

►To examine the role of the community To examine the role of the community and the private sector in terms of:and the private sector in terms of:

local development planning and local development planning and public service delivery, in Chongwe Districtpublic service delivery, in Chongwe District

Specific ObjectivesSpecific Objectives

► To identify and explain the specific To identify and explain the specific roles played by roles played by

Chongwe District CouncilChongwe District Council the community and the community and the private sector in terms of localthe private sector in terms of local

► To assess the technical and human To assess the technical and human resource capacities of Chongwe resource capacities of Chongwe District Council. District Council.

Specific ObjectivesSpecific Objectives

►To evaluate the fiscal capacity of To evaluate the fiscal capacity of Chongwe District Council.Chongwe District Council.

►To assess the institutional capacity of To assess the institutional capacity of Chongwe District Council.Chongwe District Council.

RESEARCH QUESTIONSRESEARCH QUESTIONS ► What are the specific roles played by What are the specific roles played by

Chongwe District Council, the community Chongwe District Council, the community and the private sector in terms of:and the private sector in terms of:

local development planning and local development planning and public service provision in the district?public service provision in the district?

► Does Chongwe District Council have the Does Chongwe District Council have the competency and capacity:competency and capacity:

to undertake local development to undertake local development planning and planning and

to provide public service in the district?to provide public service in the district?

SCOPE OF THE STUDYSCOPE OF THE STUDY

►Due to insufficient funds and time, Due to insufficient funds and time, only the Council Area will be only the Council Area will be considered for this research.considered for this research.

► In this case, the study will focus on:In this case, the study will focus on:

Chongwe District Council,Chongwe District Council, NGOs and CBOs and NGOs and CBOs and Private OrganisationsPrivate Organisations

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYSTUDY

►The findings of this study will provide The findings of this study will provide great benefits to the following great benefits to the following stakeholders:stakeholders:

The Government of the Republic of The Government of the Republic of Zambia, Zambia,

Rural District Councils Rural District Councils Local Communities, andLocal Communities, and Students, Researchers and AcademiciansStudents, Researchers and Academicians

LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW

►This section reviews literatures of This section reviews literatures of studies done by: studies done by:

Odero (2004) on decentralisation Odero (2004) on decentralisation programme in Ugandaprogramme in Uganda

ZAMSIF (2003) on capacities of districts in ZAMSIF (2003) on capacities of districts in Zambia to handle responsibilities under Zambia to handle responsibilities under ZAMSIF projects and ZAMSIF projects and

Momba (2002) on effectiveness of service Momba (2002) on effectiveness of service delivery by local authorities in Zambiadelivery by local authorities in Zambia


► In Uganda, The results of this study In Uganda, The results of this study demonstrate that:demonstrate that:

there is need to take into account the there is need to take into account the capacity of small and poor councils when capacity of small and poor councils when implementing the decentralisation policy.implementing the decentralisation policy.

► In Zambia, the study results by ZAMSIF In Zambia, the study results by ZAMSIF show that the:show that the: districts have capacity problems in districts have capacity problems in

district planning and managementdistrict planning and management


►The study by Momba failed to The study by Momba failed to distinguish the problems of rural distinguish the problems of rural councils from that of city/urban councils from that of city/urban councilscouncils

►The study by Momba also relied too The study by Momba also relied too much on newspaper articles.much on newspaper articles.


►This section also reviews studies done This section also reviews studies done on LED experiences: on LED experiences:

inin Uganda, by Odero (2004)Uganda, by Odero (2004) in South Africa by Davis (2006) and sulzer in South Africa by Davis (2006) and sulzer

(2008) and (2008) and in Zambia by Hampwaye (2008) and in Zambia by Hampwaye (2008) and

Ktemba (1999Ktemba (1999). ).

LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW ►The results of the study in Uganda The results of the study in Uganda

demonstrates that:demonstrates that: implementation of LED plans assists the implementation of LED plans assists the

district councils to enhance their capacities district councils to enhance their capacities and effectiveness in planning and service and effectiveness in planning and service delivery delivery

► In South Africa, the results of the studies In South Africa, the results of the studies demonstrate that:demonstrate that: successful implementation of LED plans successful implementation of LED plans

depends on the capacity of local depends on the capacity of local government, which is the major stakeholder. government, which is the major stakeholder.


LED planning is not the responsibility of LED planning is not the responsibility of one stakeholder, but depends on unified one stakeholder, but depends on unified action of:action of: local government, civil society and local government, civil society and private sectorprivate sector

► In Zambia, the studies by Hampwaye In Zambia, the studies by Hampwaye and Ktemba did not include an and Ktemba did not include an assessment of the capacities of rural assessment of the capacities of rural district councils.district councils.

RESEARCH RESEARCH METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

►Secondary data will be sourced from Secondary data will be sourced from reports and documents from:reports and documents from:

Chongwe District Council (CDC) Chongwe District Council (CDC) Local Government Association of Zambia Local Government Association of Zambia

(LGAZ) (LGAZ) Ministry of Local Government and Ministry of Local Government and

Housing (MLGH) and Housing (MLGH) and Central Statistical OfficeCentral Statistical Office


►Primary data will be collected from:Primary data will be collected from:

officials of Chongwe District Council officials of Chongwe District Council community and private organisations andcommunity and private organisations and residents from Chongwe districtresidents from Chongwe district

►Primary data will be collected using:Primary data will be collected using: an interview guidean interview guide focus group discussions and focus group discussions and structured questionnairesstructured questionnaires


►A sample of 140 respondents will be A sample of 140 respondents will be selected using systematic and quota selected using systematic and quota sampling methods sampling methods

►Data will be presented in the form of Data will be presented in the form of tables, percentages, pies charts, line tables, percentages, pies charts, line graphs, bar graphs, histograms and graphs, bar graphs, histograms and institutional mapping (vein diagram). institutional mapping (vein diagram).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYRESEARCH METHODOLOGY

►Qualitative data will be analysed Qualitative data will be analysed manually through:manually through:

Description, classification (sorting) and Description, classification (sorting) and Connections, Connections, and and

Stakeholder Analysis/Institutional mapping Stakeholder Analysis/Institutional mapping


►Quantitative data will be analyzed using:Quantitative data will be analyzed using:

Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and (SPSS) and

Microsoft Excel, computer programsMicrosoft Excel, computer programs

►Statistical methods that will be used are:Statistical methods that will be used are:

Trend analysis for Trend analysis for income (revenue) and income (revenue) and expenditure expenditure

A Report Card MethodA Report Card Method when analyzing the when analyzing the effectiveness of serviceseffectiveness of services

TIME TABLETIME TABLEActivityActivity Time-2009/2010Time-2009/2010

SepSep OctOct NoNovv

DeDecc

JanJan FeFebb

MarMar AprApr

Proposal Proposal SubmissionSubmission

Presentation & Presentation & ApprovalApproval

Data Collection Data Collection & Analysis& Analysis

Report WritingReport Writing

Sub. of Draft Sub. of Draft reportsreports

Sub. of Final Sub. of Final ReportReport

BudgetBudget Item (s)Item (s) QuantityQuantity Unit Cost Unit Cost

(K)(K) Total Total

Cost (K)Cost (K) StationaryStationary Questionnaires Questionnaires

and Reportsand Reports EquipmentEquipment Data Collection Data Collection

TransportTransport LodgingLodging

1*5days1*5days

22

2*5days2*5days

100,000.00100,000.00

50,000.0050,000.00

150,000.00150,000.00

256,000256,000

200,000200,000

2,500,0002,500,000

500,000500,000

100,000100,000

1,500,0001,500,000

Sub-TotalSub-Total

Contingency Contingency 10%10% 505,600.00 505,600.00 5,056,0005,056,000

505,600505,600

Grand TotalGrand Total 5,561,605,561,6000

Education

Local development planning 2