Upload
nift
View
805
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
Libraries, Archives and Museums:
Convergence, Digital Technology and User empowerment
▪▪▪▪▪Keynote address
Delivered at ICLAM – 2011Professor Thiagarajan Viswanathan
15 February 2011
14 February 2011 [email protected] 1
LAM
Library: Documents and records of current interest
Archive: Documents and records of historical interest
Museum: Objects of historical interest
All are Knowledge Centres
14 February 2011 [email protected] 2
14 February 2011 [email protected] 3
History is important 1
“If Mohammad does not go to the mountain, the mountain comes to him”.
An axiom that Ranganathan followed: His well-known Library Movement pursued with great zeal. Making libraries community centres for learning. Taking libraries to villagers. Establishing public libraries accessible to common man etc.
14 February 2011 [email protected] 4
History is important 2
Remote computing that ushered in the Internet followed Ranganathan
• Expensive computing resources under utilized
• Users far and few
Take computers to the doorsteps of users
14 February 2011 [email protected] 5
Ranganathan’s Five Laws Applied to WEB
Alireza Noruzi, Iranian Librarian
• Web resources are for use
• Every user his/her web resource
• Every web resource its user
• Save the time of user
• The Web is a growing organism
14 February 2011 [email protected] 6
Where are we heading to?
Networked Electronic Information Society (NEIS)
OrKnowledge Society?
14 February 2011 [email protected] 7
Knowledge Society
It is said that we are witnessing the emergence of knowledge society.
No knowledge society is possible without professionally managed knowledge centres. Knowledge centres are prerequisites for knowledge society
Therefore, LAMs are here to stay for ever.
Why Convergence?
• Promotes development• A phenomenon happening at macro
and micro levels• Examples are intelligent ACs, IP
enabled home appliances and green houses
• True knowledge centre emerges with the convergence of libraries, archives and museums.
14 February 2011 [email protected] 8
Convergence of LAMs
In the context of LAMs, the goal of convergence may be defined as:
“To develop the ability to network and interwork libraries, archives and museums and to provide unified access via networks to any user with an appropriate end device.”
14 February 2011 [email protected] 9
Unifying Technology: Digital
• Digital technology is based on the principle of duality that pervades the entire creation
• Strings of 1s and 0s represent audio, video, text, documents, graphics, 3D objects static or moving etc.
• Seamless transfer of all forms of information.
14 February 2011 [email protected] 10
LAM: Technology Perspective
Institution
Collection
InfoAccess Speed
Bandwidth
Search
Library Medium
2 – D Static
or Motion
Very Fast
Low/High Bursty 1:100
Simple
Archive Very High
2 – D Static
or Motion
MediumHigh
Bursty 1:50Sophisticate
d
Museum Low
3 – D Static and
Moving
MediumVery High
ContinuousSelection
14 February 2011 [email protected] 11
Knowledge Society Services
Service Data Rate (Mbps)
Document Library Retrieval 1 -70
Video Library Retrieval 1 – 30
Archive Retrieval 1 – 50
Museum Retrieval: Static object 1 – 100
Museum Retrieval: Moving object 100 - 500
14 February 2011 [email protected] 12
Do we have an infrastructure to support these services?
14 February 2011 [email protected] 13
NEIS & Knowledge Society Infrastructure
Internet in its present form is not suitable: Has serious addressing, switching and quality problems
Global Information Infrastructure (GII)
National Information Infrastructure (NII)
14 February 2011 [email protected] 14
India’s NII – TRAI Proposal 1
• Optical Fibre Broadband Network• Covering about 3.75 (out of 5.75) lakh
villages• Covering about 100 (out of 250) million
households• Time Frame: 2011 – 2015• Funding source: NREGS of GOI + Universal
Service Obligation (USO) Fund of U.N.
ATM Cell Switching
• Packet switching and Circuit switching will give way to Cell Switching in optical networks.
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switches using cell switching technique provide seamless transfer of audio, video, text, documents, graphics, 3D objects static or moving etc.
• Infrastructure is extremely reliable and fast.
14 February 2011 [email protected] 15
1 January [email protected]
om16
Why Optical Fibre? Why not Radio?
• NEIS applications: ITV, IM, IL etc.• Bandwidth required: 150-600 Mbps, i.e.
450-1800 times today’s broadband.• Radio spectrum: Scarce resource, limited
bandwidth, expensive• Optical fibre: Unlimited bandwidth, cheap• Bandwidth of one strand of fibre = Over
100 times the bandwidth of the entire 3G spectrum.
How do we Empower Users?
• Ease of Access• Access Convergence• Digital end devices that support
access of audio, video, and text are a reality today. Examples include iPAD, notebook, laptop and desktop.
• Limited capability
14 February 2011 [email protected] 17
What do we need for unified LAM access?
• Broadband end devices• Large screens (25”), Large storage
(Several Tera bytes) and high CPU power (muti-thread, muti-core, multi processors)
• Expensive and non-affordable by common man
14 February 2011 [email protected] 18
LAM Cafes!!!
• Today’s Cyber cafes are network (Internet) access centres. Losing significance due to home Internet access.
• LAM access means Content access.• Expect Cyber cafes to give way to
LAM cafes in future.
14 February 2011 [email protected] 19
In Summary..
• Libraries, Archives and Museums are constituents of knowledge centres.
• Convergence of LAM, i.e. Networking, Interworking and Unified Access to them is prerequisite for the emergence of knowledge society.
• Digital Technology with fibre optic network infrastructure and ATM cell switching provide seamless representation and transfer of any form of information
14 February 2011 [email protected] 20
In Summary.....
• Unified broadband access infrastructure is a must for user empowerment
• They are expensive and non-affordable by a common user.
• Cyber cafes are losing relevance in the context of proliferation of Internet and computers at home.
• Content Access cafes (we may call them LAM cafes) may replace Cyber cafes in future.
14 February 2011 [email protected] 21
Thank You
14 February 2011 [email protected] 22