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MODULE IN ITE229 - OPERATING SYSTEMS Prepared by: For-Ian V. Sandoval
LESSON 13LIST OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating systems can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many of these groupings may overlap.
The following tables show the different kinds of operating system that runs on different kind of machines.
Table 1. Operating systems categorized by proprietary or ownership.PROPRIETARY OPERATING SYSTEM
Acorn Arthur ARX MOS (on the BBC Micro and
BBC Master) RISC OS RISC iX (based on 4.3BSD)
Amiga AmigaOS AmigaOS 1.0-3.9 AmigaOS 4 AmigaOS 4.0 AmigaOS 4.1 AmigaOS 5 Amiga Anywhere 2 Amiga Unix (aka Amix)
Apollo AEGIS/Domain/OS One of the
first network-based systems. Ran on Apollo/Domain hardware. Later bought by Hewlett-Packard
Apple Apple DOS ProDOS GS/OS SOS (Sophisticated Operating
System) Lisa OS Mac OS System Software 1 Mac OS System Software 2 Mac OS System Software 3 Mac OS System Software 4
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Mac OS System Software 5 Mac OS System Software 6 Mac OS System 7 Mac OS 8 Mac OS 9 A/UX MkLinux Mac OS X 10. 0 “Cheetah” Mac OS X 10. 1 “Puma” Mac OS X 10. 2 “Jaguar” Mac OS X 10. 3 “Panther” Mac OS X 10. 4 “Tiger” Mac OS X 10. 5 “Leopard” Mac OS X 10. 6 “Snow
Leopard” Mac OS X Server Darwin iPhone OS Apple Newton OS
Atari Atari DOS Atari TOS Atari MultiTOS
BAE System BeOS BeIA ZETA
Burroughs (later Unisys) BTOS
MCP (Burroughs Large Systems)
Convergent Technologies (later acquired by Unisys)
CTOS
Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP
OS/8 ITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10) Multi-Programming Executive
(from HP) TOPS-10 (for the PDP-10) WAITS (for the PDP-6 and PDP-
10) TENEX (from BBN, for the PDP-
10) TOPS-20 (for the PDP-10) RSTS/E (multi-user time-sharing
OS for PDP-11s)
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RSX-11 (multiuser, multitasking OS for PDP-11s)
RT-11 (single user OS for PDP-11)
VMS (originally by DEC, now by HP) for the VAX mini-computer range, Alpha and Intel Itanium 2; later renamed OpenVMS)
Domain/OS (originally Aegis, from Apollo Computer who were bought by HP)
RTE HP's Real Time Executive (ran on the HP 1000)
TSB HP's Time Share Basic (yes, it was an operating system, ran on the HP 2000 series)
Digital UNIX (derived from OSF/1, became HP's Tru64 UNIX)
HP-UX Ultrix NonStop Kernel - Guardian NonStop Kernel - OSS (POSIX-
compliant Open System Services)
Fujitsu Towns OS
Green Hills Software INTEGRITY Reliable Operating
system NTEGRITY-178B A DO-178B
certified version of INTEGRITY. µ-velOSity A lightweight
microkernel
Hewlett-Packard RTE Real-time Environment; ran
on HP1000 series computers MPE Multi-programming
Executive; ran on HP3000 mini-computers
HP-UX HP-UX; runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers - from small to mainframe-class computers
Intel iRMX real-time operating system
originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications
IBM IBM 7090/94 IBSYS SYSTEM 1400/1800 IJMON A
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Bootable serial I/O monitor for loading programs.
BOS/360 Early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System 360 sites.
TOS/360 Similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives.
DOS/360 Disk Operating System. First commonly available OS for System/360 due to problems in the OS/360 Project. Multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions
DOS/360/RJE DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of Remote Job Entry hardware (Card Reader & Printer) connected by dedicated phone lines
DOS/VSE First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided Virtual Storage Extensions, and SNA. Still had fixed size processing partitions, but up to 14 partitions
DOS/VSE/ESA DOS/VSE extended virtual memory support to 32 bit addresses (Extended System Architecture)
z/VSE Latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage. Now supports 64 bit addresses, Multiprocessing, Multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads. OS/360 First official OS targeted for the System/360 architecture
RTOS Real Time Operating System, run on 5 NASA custom System/360/75s. A mash up by the Federal Systems Division of the MFT system management, PCP basic kernel and file system, with MVT task management and FSD custom real time kernel extensions
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and error management. The pinnacle of OS/360 development
OS/370 The official port of OS/360 targeted for the System/370 virtual memory architecture
OS/VS1 Virtual-memory version of OS/MFT
OS/VS2 Virtual-memory version of OS/MVT
MUSIC/SP Mainframe operating system for IBM hardware, developed by McGill University
OS/390 Upgrade to MVS, with an additional Unix-like environment
z/OS z/Architecture version of OS/390
TPF z/OS extension CP/CMS Control Program /
Cambridge Monitor System, Virtual Machine operating System for System/360 Model 44 and 67
VM/CMS Virtual Machine / Conversational Monitor System, VM (operating system) for System/370 with Virtual Memory
VM/XA VM (operating system) eXtended Architecture for System/370 with extended Virtual Memory
VM/ESA Virtual Machine /Extended System Architecture, added 32 bit addressing to VM series
z/VM z/Architecture version of the VM OS (64 bit addressing)
IBM System/34, 36 System Support Program, or SSP
OS/400 descendant of System/38 CPF
i5/OS extends OS/400 with significant interoperability features
AIX (a System V Unix version) AOS (a BSD Unix version) PC-DOS IBM supported,
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documented, and licensed copies of Microsoft MS-DOS
OS/2 Warp eComStation (Warp
4.5/Workspace on Demand, rebundled by Serenity Systems International)
IBM 8100 DPCX IBM 8100 DPPX K42 PowerPC or Intel x86 based
cache-coherent multiprocessor systems (IBM Website)
IBM EDX Event Driven Executive for the IBM/Series 1 minicomputers
IBM RPS Realtime Programming System for the IBM/Series 1 minicomputers
ICL (formerly ICT) GEORGE 2/3/4 GEneral
ORGanisational Environment, used by ICL 1900 series mainframes
VME by International Computers Limited (ICL), particularly appearing on the ICL 2900 Series
LynuxWorks (originally Lynx Real-time Systems)
LynxOS
Micrium MicroC/OS-II (Small pre-emptive priority based multi-tasking kernel)
Microsoft Xenix MSX-DOS MS-DOS Windows CE 3.0 Windows Mobile Windows CE 5.0 Windows 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 3.0 Windows 3.1x Windows 3.2 Windows 95 (aka Windows 4.0)
(codename: Chicago) Windows 98 (aka Windows 4.1)
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(codename: Memphis) Windows Millennium Edition
(often shortened to Windows Me) (aka Windows 4.9)
OS/2 Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 3.5 Windows NT 3.51 Windows NT 4.0 Windows 2000 (aka Windows NT
5.0) Windows XP (aka Windows NT
5.1) (codename: Whistler) Windows Server 2003 (aka
Windows NT 5.2) (codename: Whistler Server)
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (aka Windows NT 5.1)
Windows Vista (aka Windows NT 6.0) (codename: Longhorn)
Windows Home Server Windows Server 2008 (aka
Windows NT 6.0) (codename: Longhorn Server)
Windows 7 (previously codenamed Blackcomb, then Vienna)
Windows Preinstallation Environment (WinPE)
Singularity Midori
Novell Netware Suse Linux
RCA TSOS
SCO/The SCO Group Xenix Xenix 286 Xenix 386 SCO Unix SCO Open Desktop SCO OpenServer 5 UnixWare 2x, UnixWare 7 SCO OpenServer 6
Unicoi System Fusion RTOS DSPOS
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Wind River Systems VxWorks
Non Standard Languages Pilot Operating System PERQ Operating System (POS)
Lisp-based Operating System
Lisp Machine Operating System
Other EOS (Operating System), developed by ETA Systems for use in their ETA-10 line of supercomputers
EMBOS, developed by Elxsi for use on their mini-supercomputers
GCOS is a proprietary Operating System originally developed by General Electric
PC-MOS/386 - DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
SINTRAN III - an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.
THEOS TinyOS TRS-DOS a floppy-disk-oriented
OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their Z80-based line of personal computers.
TX990/TXDS, DX10 and DNOS - proprietary operating systems for TI-990 minicomputers
MAI Basic Four - An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.
Michigan Terminal System - Developed by a group of American universities for IBM 360 series mainframes
MUSIC/SP (an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM)
TSX-32, a 32-bit operating system for x86 platform.
OS ES An operating system for ES EVM
Prolog-Dispatcher - used to control Soviet Buran space ship
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Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant
Aegis (Apollo Computer) Amiga Unix (Amiga ports of Unix
System V release 3.2 with Amiga A2500UX and SVR4 with Amiga A3000UX. Started in 1989, last version was in 1992)
Clix (Intergraph's System V implementation)
Coherent (Unix-like OS from Mark Williams Co. for PC class computers)
DC/OSx (DataCenter/OSx was an operating system for MIPS based systems developed by Pyramid Technology)
DG/UX (Data General Corp) DNIX from DIAB DSPnano RTOS (POSIX
nanokernel, DSP Optimized, Open Source)
Idris workalike from Whitesmiths INTERACTIVE UNIX (a port of the
UNIX System V operating system for Intel x86 by INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation)
IRIX from SGI MeikOS NeXTSTEP (developed by NeXT;
a Unix-based OS based on the Mach microkernel)
OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 6809 based microcomputers)
OS9/68K Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Motorola 680x0 based microcomputers; based on OS-9)
OS-9000 Unix-like RTOS. (OS from Microware for Intel x86 based microcomputers; based on OS-9, written in C)
OSF/1 (developed into a commercial offering by Digital Equipment Corporation)
OPENSTEP
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QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
Pardus (Turkish Linux) Rhapsody (an early form of Mac
OS X) RISC/os (a port by MIPS of
4.3BSD to the RISC MIPS architecture)
RMX SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by
Caldera who renamed themselves SCO Group)
SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the RISC MIPS architecture)
Solaris (Sun's System V-based replacement for SunOS)
SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
SUPER-UX (a port of System V Release 4.2MP with features adopted from BSD and Linux for NEC SX architecture supercomputers)
System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport)
Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security)
UniFlex (Unix-like OS from TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Motorola 6809 based computers; e.g. SWTPC, GIMIX, …)
Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
Unison RTOS (Multicore RTOS with DSP Optimization
SDS (Scientific Data CP Control Program
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Systems)SDS later acquired by Xerox, then Honeywell.TRON Project TRON (an open real-time
operating system kernel)UNIVAC (later Unisys) EXEC I
EXEC II EXEC 8 Ran on 1100 series.
VS/9 , successor to RCA TSOSWAVECOM Open AT OS
Table 2. Operating systems categorized by non-proprietary Unix-like.NON-PROPRIETARY OPERATING SYSTEM
Unix-Like TUNIS
Research Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant
Minix (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
Plan 9 (distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further)
Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)
Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)
Solaris , contains original Unix (SVR4) code (code now open source via OpenSolaris project)
Unix (OS developed at Bell Labs ca 1970 initially by Ken Thompson)
Xinu , (Study OS developed by Douglas E. Comer in the USA)
Free Unix-like (aka open source)
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DEC VAX hardware)
GNU
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Linux OpenDarwin OpenSolaris , contains original
Unix (SVR4) code SSS-PC Developed at Tokyo
University Syllable
VSTa
Table 3. Operating systems categorized by non-proprietary non-Unix-like.NON-PROPRIETARY OPERATING SYSTEM
Research non-Unix-like Amoeba (research OS by
Andrew S. Tanenbaum) Croquet House Haskell User's
Operating System and Environment, research OS written in Haskell and C.
ILIOS Research OS designed for routing
EROS microkernel, capability-base
L4 Second generation microkernel
Mach (from OS kernel research at Carnegie Mellon University)
MONADS capability-based OS designed to support the MONADS hardware projects
Nemesis Cambridge University research OS - detailed quality of service abilities.
Singularity - A research operating system written mostly in managed code (C#) by Microsoft.
Spring (research OS from Sun Microsystems)
V from Stanford, early 1980s
Open Source non-Unix-like FullPliant (programming
language based) FreeDOS (open source DOS
variant)
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FreeVMS (open source VMS variant)
Haiku (open source inspired by BeOS, under development)
ReactOS (free software Windows NT compatible OS, in early development since 2001)
osFree (open source OS/2 implementation)
Table 4. Operating systems categorized as Disk Operating SystemOPERATING SYSTEM
Disk Operating System (DOS)
86-DOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; licensed to Microsoft, became PC DOS/MS-DOS. Also known by its working title QDOS.)
PC DOS (IBM's DOS variant, developed jointly with Microsoft, versions 1.0 – 7, 2000).
MS-DOS (Microsoft's DOS variant for OEM, developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.x – 6. Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
DR-DOS (Digital Research's [later Novell, Caldera, ...] DOS variant). a.) Concurrent DOS (Digital Research's first multiuser DOS variant). b.) Multiuser DOS (Digital Research's [later CCI's. Real's/...] multiuser DOS variant)
FreeDOS (open source DOS variant)
ProDOS (operating system for the Apple II series computers)
PTS-DOS (DOS variant by Russian company Phystechsoft)
RDOS (Data General Corp) TurboDOS (Software 2000,
Inc.)
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Multi-tasking user interfaces and environments for DOS. a.) DESQview+ QEMM 386 multi-tasking user interface for DOS and b.) DESQView/X (X-windowing GUI for DOS)
Table 5. Operating systems categorized as Network Operating SystemOPERATING SYSTEM
Network Operating System Cambridge Ring CSIRONET by (CSIRO) CTOS (Convergent
Technologies, later acquired by Unisys)
Data ONTAP by NetApp SAN-OS by Cisco EOS by McDATA Fabric OS by Brocade JUNOS (Juniper Networks) NetWare (networking OS by
Novell) NOS (developed by CDC for
use in their Cyber line of supercomputers)
Novell Open Enterprise Server (Open Source networking OS by Novell. Can incorporate either SUSE Linux or Novell NetWare as its kernel).
OliOS Plan 9 (distributed OS
developed at Bell Labs, based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical)
Inferno (distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs)
Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9 and Off++ microkernel)
TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.)
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Table 6. Operating systems categorized as Web Operating SystemOPERATING SYSTEM
Web Operating System amoebaOS DesktopTwo G.ho.st YouOS Browser OS eyeOS Jooce
Table 7. Operating systems categorized as generic/commodity, non-Unix and other.OPERATING SYSTEM
Generic/Commodity, non-Unix and other
BLIS/COBOL Bluebottle also known as AOS
(a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
BS1000 by Siemens AG BS2000 by Siemens AG, now
BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme)
BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
Control Program/Monitor (CP/M)
FLEX9 (by TSC for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
FutureOS (for Amstrad/Schneider CPC6128 and CPCPlus machines)
GEM (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
JavaOS
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JNode JNode.org's OS written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath
JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen.
KERNAL (default OS on Commodore 64)
MERLIN for the Corvus Concept
MorphOS (Amiga compatible) MSP by Fujitsu (successor to
OS-IV), now MSP/EX[4], also known as Extended System Architecture (EXA), for 31-bit mode
nSystem by Luis Mateu at DCC, Universidad de Chile
NetWare (networking OS by Novell)
Oberon operating system (developed at ETH-Zürich by Niklaus Wirth et al) for the Ceres and Chameleon workstation projects. see also Oberon programming language
OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
Pick (often licensed and renamed)
PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
Sinclair QDOS (multitasking for the Sinclair QL computer)
SkyOS (Commercial desktop OS for PCs)
SSB-DOS (by TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of
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FLEX in most respects) SymbOS (GUI based
multitasking operating system for Z80 computers)
Symobi (GUI based modern micro-kernel OS for x86, ARM and PowerPC processors, used and developed further at Technical University of Munich)
TripOS , 1978 UCSD p-System (portable
complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at the Univ Calif/San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
UMIX , made for the ICFP Programming Contest 2006.
VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from Multics
VOS by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS
VM2000 by Siemens AG VisiOn (first GUI for early PC
machines; not commercially successful)
VPS/VM (IBM based, main operating system at Boston University for over 10 years.)
aceos under GPL Miraculix Russian OS, under
unknown license.
Table 8. Operating systems for Elektronica BK Soviet personal computerOPERATING SYSTEM
Elektronica BK Soviet personal computer
ANDOS AO-DOS BASIS CSI-DOS
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DOSB10 DX-DOS FA-DOS HC-DOS KMON (operating system)|
KMON MicroDOS MK-DOS NORD NORTON-BK RAMON PascalDOS RT-11
o ROM embeddedo RT-11SJo OS BK-11 (RT-11
version) Turbo-DOS BKUNIX
OS/A WASP
Table 9. Operating systems categorized as HobbyOPERATING SYSTEM
Hobby Operating System AROS (AROS Research Operating
System, formerly known as Amiga Research Operating System)
AtheOS branched to become Syllable
DexOS , (Game console-like operating system for 32-bit x86 computers)
EROS FAMOS Foremost Advanced
Memory Operating System HelenOS KolibriOS (fork of MenuetOS) LoseThos LSE/OS MenuetOS (extremely compact
OS with GUI, written entirely in FASM assembly language)
NewOS Syllable (a modern,
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independently originated OS; see AtheOS)
Visopsys
TajOS
Table 10. Operating systems categorized as Embedded Operating SystemOPERATING SYSTEM
Embedded Operating System
A/ROSE Embedded Linux FreeBSD FreeRTOS Inferno (distributed OS, Bell
Labs) LynxOS MINIX 3 .NET Micro Framework OS/RT Open AT OS polyBSD (embedded NetBSD) QNX RTXC Quadros RTOS by
Quadros Systems ROM-DOS T2 SDE VxWorks Windows XP Embedded Windows CE
Embedded Operating System in Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
Palm OS from Palm Inc; now spun off as PalmSource
EPOC originally from Psion (UK), now from Symbian, preferred name now is Symbian OS
Windows CE , from Microsoft o Pocket PC from
Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
o Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.
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Linux on Sharp Zaurus and Ipaq
DOS on Poqet PC Newton OS on Apple Newton
Messagepad VT-OS for the Vtech Helio Internet Tablet OS based on
Debian Linux and deployed on Nokia's Nokia 770, N800 and N810 Internet Tablets.
Magic Cap
Embedded Operating System in Music Players
ipodlinux Pixo RockBox iPhone OS iriver clix UI
Embedded Operating System in Smartphones
BlackBerry OS Embedded Linux
o Android o Openmoko Linux o Mobilinux o MontaVista o MotoMagx o Qtopia o LiMo Platform
iPhone OS JavaFX Mobile Palm OS Symbian OS Windows CE
o Windows Mobile
Embedded Operating System in Router
AirOS by Ubiquiti networks CatOS by Cisco Systems Cisco IOS (originally
Internetwork Operating System) by Cisco Systems
CyROS by Cyclades DD-WRT by NewMedia-NET Inferno (distributed OS
originally from Bell Labs) IOS-XR by Cisco Systems JunOS by Juniper Networks RouterOS by Mikrotik ROX by Ruggedcom
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ScreenOS by Juniper Networks originally from Netscreen
Embedded Operating System in Micro-Controller, Real-time
BeRTOS ChibiOS/RT GPL licensed
RTOS ChorusOS Contiki written in C DSPnano RTOS (POSIX
nanokernel, DSP Optimizations, Open Source)
eCos embOS (Segger) FreeRTOS Fusion RTOS INtime RTOS for Windows , an
evolutionary variant of iRMX for Windows designed for 32-bit Windows platforms
iRMX (originally developed by Intel)
Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)
INTEGRITY LUnix written in 6502 LynxOS MenuetOS MontaVista Linux (see also
Embedded Linux) Nucleus OS-9 by Microware Operating System Embedded :
OSE OSEK OS/RT Phoenix-RTOS Prex QNX RTAI RTEMS (Real-Time Executive
for Multiprocessor Systems) RTLinux by Wind River
Systems RTXC Quadros RTOS by
Quadros Systems SCIOPTA RTOS
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ThreadX TRON Project and ITRON
Project (related to BTRON, CTRON, MTRON, etc.)
μClinux uKOS µOS++ (micro OS plus plus) Unison Operating System /
Unison DSP Operating System (RTOS) / Unison RTOS (Multicore DSP Operating System)
VRTX / Versatile Real-Time Executive
VxWorks by Wind River Systems
XMK (eXtreme Minimal Kernel)
Xenomai
Table 11. Capability-based Operating systems OPERATING SYSTEM
LEGO Mindstorms BrickOS operating system leJOS operating system ChyanOS operating system
Other capability-based OS KeyKOS nanokernel EROS microkernel CapROS EROS successor Coyotos EROS successor,
goal: be first formally verified OS MONADS designed to support
the MONADS hardware projects. SPEEDOS builds on MONADS
ideas
V from Stanford, early 1980s
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