Kinyarwanda workbook slideshow

Table of Contents

TOPIC 1: Greetings and introduce yourself! 2

TOPIC 2: Introduce someone! 8

TOPIC 3: Talk about your family! 15

TOPIC 4: Asking and giving directions! 21

TOPIC 5: Ask Prices and Bargain in the Market! 25

TOPIC 6 : Describe your feelings! 30

TOPIC 7: Gather information about big days! 35

TOPIC 8: Politely accept or refuse an invitation! 41

TOPIC 9: Safety Issues! 46

TOPIC 10: Explain Daily activities! 50

TOPIC 11: Ordering a meal in a restaurant! 54

TOPIC 12: Describe your housing problem! 58

Wednesday, May 7, 2014

TOPIC 1: Greetings And Introduce Yourself Gusuhuza No Kwibwira Abandi

Learning Objectives

• Greet someone in Kinyarwanda at a precise moment of the day.• Say your name and what you do in Kinyarwanda when • Ask someone his news in Kinyarwanda without using notes.• Bid farewells to someone at a precise moment of the day without reading in the notebook.

I. 1. DIALOG

JAY: Mwaramutse

DAVID: Mwaramutse

JAY: Amakuru

DAVID: Ni meza, ni karibu. Ni mwicare

JAY: Murakoze.

DAVID: Muri bande?

JAY: Nitwa Jay, ndi umunyamerika, ndi umuganga, ndi umukorerabushake. Ntuye i Remera

DAVID: Ni byiza, njye nitwa David ndi umwongereza ariko ntuye hano mu Rwanda Kimironko


I. 2. Vocabulary

Professions /Amazina y‘imirimo

Kinyarwanda English

Umushoferi __________________________

Umuhinzi __________________________

Umutetsi __________________________

Umuganga __________________________

Umurobyi __________________________

Umwarimu __________________________

To make them plural, change “U – mu” to ―A- ba”

Examples:

Singular Plural

Umushoferi Abashoferi

Umuhinzi Abahinzi

Umutetsi Abatetsi

Umuganga Abaganga

Umurobyi Abarobyi


I.3. Grammar

Verb ―to be in simple present / Inshinga ―Kuba mundagihe.

Njyewe, Justin, ndi umwarimu w‘ikinyarwanda. Wowe, JAY, uri umukozi. James we ni umuganga. James ari mu biro.

The underlined words represent the verb ―kuba (to be) conjugated in simple present. Notice that they change with the personal pronoun with which they are used.

Njyewe ndi umwarimu.

Wowe uri umukozi.

We ni umugangai.

We ari mu biro.

The verb Kuba is an irregular verb. This how it’s conjugated in simple present.

Ndiurini/ari turimurini/ bari

1.) Ari and Bari – used when talking about location.

2.) Ni – used when talking about state.

Examples:

Justin ari mu biro John ni muremure.Justin is in the office. John is tall.


Different ways of greeting / gusuhuza Greeting someone you meet for the first time or after a long period of time.

A: Muraho? B: Muraho!

I.4.2. Greeting in the morning or before noon.

A: Mwaramutse? B: Mwaramutse!

I.4.3. Greeting in the afternoon or in the evening.

A: Mwiriwe?B: Mwiriwe!

I.4.4 Greetings to be used any time of the day/night. ( InformalA: BiteB: Ni byiza

Bidding farewells/ Gusezera

I.5.1. Farewell when you think you will not see someone for a long timeA: Murabeho!B: Murabeho!

I.5.2. Farewell to be used in the morning till evening

A: Mwirirwe!B: Mwirirwe!

I.5.3. Farewell in the evening

A: Muramuke!B: Muramuke!


I. 4. PRACTICE

Excercise 1 Fill in the empty spaces using the verb Kuba conjugated for the appropriate person.

1) Barack Obama______________ Perezida.

2) Wowe ______________umunyeshuri.

3) Wowe ______________mu ishuri.

4) David Petreous ______________muri Irak.

5) Michael Jimmyson ______________umuririmbyi.

6) Justin ______________mu biro.

Excercise 2

Fill in the appropriate phrases in the empty lines:

a) A: ______________________

B: Muraho!

A: Amakuru!

B: ______________________

A: Mwirirwe!

B:________________________

b) A: _________________________

B: Mwiriwe!A: _________________________


B: Ni meza.

A: Muramuke!

B:____________________________

I. 5. Home work / umukoro

Go and ask friends their names and introduce yourself to them. Please make notes of some new words you have learned and be prepared to share them with your teacher and your classmates.

ExampleNitwa __________. Mwe muri bande ? (Mwe babita bande?)

Ndi umukozi wa One Acre fund. Wowe ukora iki?

Ndi umunyamerika. Wowe uturuka he? Urubatse? Ufite abana bangahe?


TOPIC 2: Introduce Someone Kubwira Undi Abandi

Learning objectives

• Introduce a friend using their names and profession in Kinyarwanda.• Describe his/her profession in Kinyarwanda to somebody.• Greet somebody in Kinyarwanda at a precise moment of the day.• Ask questions in Kinyarwanda about someone else‟s profession and identity.

II.1. DIALOG

Umurerwa: Tok, tok, tok

Mariya: Karibu!

Umurerwa: Muraho?

Mariya: Muraho! Nimwicare.

Umurerwa: Murakoze. Uyu mushyitsi yitwa Betty, ni mugenzi wanjye. Ni umunyamerika, ni umukozi wa One Acre Fund.

Mariya: Eeeh! Betty, utuye he?

Betty: Ntuye i Butare.

Mariya: Ufite abana bangahe?

Betty: Sindi umugore, ndi ingaragu.

Mariya: Ni byiza, nishimiye kubamenya

Betty: Nanjye nishimiye kubamenya

Umurerwa: Turatashye, murabeho!

Mariya: Murabeho, murakoze.


II.2. VOCABULARY

II.2.1. Nationalities / Amazina y‟ubwenegihugu

Kinyarwanda English

Umunyamerika _______________________

Umunyarwanda _______________________

Umurundi _______________________

Umugande _______________________Umwongereza____________________Umufaransa_________________________

Rule: Nationality is formed by: “Umunya” + the name of a country.

Examples:

Kenya Umunyakenya

Rwanda Umunyarwanda

Kanada Umunyakanada

Rule: Countries starting with “Ubu”, replace “Ubu” with “Umu”.

Uburundi Umurundi

Ubugande Umugande

II.2.2. Other words and expressions / Andi magambo

Karibu ____________________________


Nimwicare ____________________________

Umushyitsi ____________________________

Mugenzi ____________________________

Umugabo ____________________________

Umugore ____________________________

Ingaragu ____________________________

II.3. GRAMMAR

II.3.1. Conjugation of the verbs “To be” and “To have” in simple present

Verb to be / Kuba: Negative form

Sindi mu ishuri Ntituri abatetsiNturi hanze Ntimuri abashoferi

Ntari mu biro.

Rule: To make negative put “nti” at the beginning of the conjugated verb.

On the 1st person of singular and, put Si instead of “nti”. “Ni” always becomes “si”.

The other way of negate is using NTABWO.Example:Ntabwo ndi umugoreNtabwo ari umugabo Ntabwo turi abaganga


To have / Kugira: Affirmative form

Mfite igitabo Dufite…Ufite ikaramu Mufite…Afite impapuro Bafite…

To have / Kugira: Negative form

Simfite igitabo Ntidufite…Ntufite ikaramu Ntimufite…Ntafite impapuro Ntibafite…

You can also use NtabwoNtabwo mfite Ntabwo ufite Ntabwo dufite

II.4. These are other ways of asking somebody his/her name:

! Witwa nde? Nitwa _______________

! Uri nde? Ndi _______________

! Bakwita nde? Banyita _______________

! Izina ryawe ni irihe?


Izina ryanjye ni _____________! Muri ba nde ? Uyu bamwita________, jyewe nitwa __! Mwitwa ba nde ? Turi abakozi ba One Acre Fund

! Babita ba nde ? Nitwa/Izina ryanjye ni ______________

! Izina ryanyu ni irihe ? Nitwa _______________

! Ko ntabazi ? Nitwa _______________

II.5. PRACTICE

Exercise 1Fill in the blanks: Fill in these blanks with the appropriate nationalities.1. Marc ni (Ubufaransa) Marc ni_______________

2. Mary ni (Ubwongereza) Mary ni_______________

3. Mugabe ni (Zimbabwe) Mugabe ni_______________

4. Abdou Diouf ni (Senegali) Abdou Diouf ni_______________

5. Djibril ni (Gineya) Djibril ni_______________

Exercise 2Conjugate the verbs kuba or kugira in the following sentences.

1. Mwebwe____________(kuba) Abanyamerika.2. Abasitagiyeri bose_______________(Kuba) Abanyamerika.


3. Yohani_______________(kugira) abana bane.

4. Njyewe na Mariya_______________(kuba) abakobwa.

5. Kamali na Kagira_______________(kuba) mu ishuri.

6. Wowe_______________(kugira) imodoka.

Exercise 3

Q & A

1) Uri nde?_______________John.

2) Ufite iki?_______________igitabo

3) Bakwita nde?______________Betty

4) Izina ryawe ni irihe?_______________ni July

5) Mariya afite iki?_______________ikaramu

6) Aba ni bande?_______________Thomas_______________Malea

7) Uyu bamwita nde?_______________Alphonsine


8) Ko ntabamenye?Njye_________Taylor, uyu _________Emily.twese _________

9) Uyu muri kumwe akora iki?_____________________________10) Ubusanzwe mwe mukora iki?____________________________Exercise 4

Translate the following dialog in Kinyarwanda

Umurerwa: (she is knocking)Mariya : Come in.Umurerwa: Good morning.Mariya: Good morning. Sit down.Umurerwa: Thank you. This guest is Betty. She is married and she is my colleague. She is from California.Mariya: Are you a VSO Volunteer?Betty: I am not a VSO Volunteer; I am a PSI Trainee.Umurerwa: Good bye.Mariya: Good bye.

II.6. Home work / umukoroGo and ask at least three people about their job using ―Mukora iki?, and be prepared to share the answers with the others in your next language class.


TOPIC 3: Talk About Your Family Gusobanura Umuryango

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Explain in Kinyarwanda relationships between family members.• Ask questions in Kinyarwanda about someone’s family.• Answer questions about your family relationships in Kinyarwanda.

III.1. DIALOG

Mike: Muraho?

Odette: Muraho! Tubahaye ikaze, nimwicare.

Mike: Murakoze.

Odette : Murenzi, Uyu mushyitsi yitwa Mike, ni Umunyamerika, ni umukozi wa One Acre Fund.Murenzi: Ni byiza. Mike, ababyeyi bawe batuye muri Amarika?

Mike: Ababyeyi banjye batuye muri Chicago.

Murenzi: Eeeh! Abavandimwe bawe bose nabo batuye muri Amerika?

Mike: Yego. Papa, mama, mukuru wanjye na mushiki wanjye bose baba muri Amerika.

Murenzi: Ni byiza. Murisanga iwacu.

Mike: Murakoze cyane


II.2. VOCABULARYRelationships / Amasano

Kalisa and Mugeni’s family tree

karisa + Mugeni

Hirwa Teta

1) Mugeni ni umugore wa Kalisa2) Kalisa ni umugabo wa Mugeni3) Teta ni mushiki wa Hirwa4) Hirwa ni musaza wa Teta5) Kalisa ni papa wa Teta na Hirwa6) Mugeni ni mama wa Teta na Hirwa7) Teta na Hirwa ni abavandimwe8) Kalisa na Mugeni ni ababyeyi ba Hirwa na Teta9) Teta ni umukobwa wa Kalisa na Mugeni10)Hirwa ni umuhungu wa kalisa na Mugeni

Kinyarwanda English

• Umugore ________________________

• Umugabo ________________________

• Mushiki ________________________

• Musaza ________________________

• Papa ________________________

• Mama ________________________

• Abavandimwe ________________________


III.3. GRAMMAR

III.3.1. Possessive adjectives / Ikinyazina ngenera

Umwana wanjye umwe yitwa Dodo. Umuyobozi wacu yitwa Eric.aba i Kigali.

The underlined words are possessive adjectives.

Wa + njye ! Wanjye Umuyobozi wanjye yitwa Eric

Wa + wowe ! Wawe Umugore wawe yitwa nde?

Wa + we ! Wê Umwana we arakubagana cyane

Wa + twe ! Wacu Umwarimu wacu avuga ikinyarwanda

Wa + mwe ! Wanyu Umuyobozi wanyu atuye he?

Wa + bo ! Wabo Perezida wabo yitwa Paul kagame

III.3.2. Words which are used to show a person to someone

Dore abana babo

Aba ni abana babo

Uyu mugabo yitwa Steven

Reba umuhungu wa Christine


III.4. PRACTICE

Excercise 1

Fill in the blanks: From this family tree, describe different community relationshipsand fill in the sentences below appropriately.

Kalisa + Mugeni Hirwa Teta

1. Mugeni ni ____________ Kalisa.

2. Kalisa ni _______________wa Mugeni.

3. Teta ni _________________wa Hirwa.

4. Hirwa ni _______________ wa Teta.

5. Kalisa ni ________________wa Teta na Hirwa.

6. Mugeni ni ____________ wa Teta na Hirwa.

Exercise 2

Q & A

1. Ninde perezida wawe?___________________________________________

2. Ninde perezida wanjye ?____________________________________________

3. Perezida wacu ni Barack Obama?_____________________________________________


4. Ninde perezida wacu?_____________________________________________

5. Kalisa ni papa wawe?_________________________________________

6. Ninde papa wawe ?_____________________________________________

7. Ninde mama wawe ?_____________________________________________

Exercise 3

Translate the following sentences into Kinyarwanda and share your answers with your classmates.

1. Where is your family?

________________________________

2. Your siblings are in England.

_______________________________

3. Where are the books?____________________________

4. Who is One Acre Fund’s Country Director?____________________________________

5. His son is going home._____________________________________

6. My children are in town.

_____________________________________


III. 5. Home work / umukoro

Visit your Community with the photos of your family. Ask t the questions below and then explain relationships between you and people on the photos. Make sure you are able to present your family in Kinyarwanda the next language class without using your notes.

Questions:

1. Umuryango wawe utuye he?

_____________________________________

2. Ababyeyi bawe bakora iki?

_____________________________________

3. Abavandimwe bawe bariga bose?

_______________________________________

4. Abaturanyi banyu bafite abana benshi?

______________________________________

5. Uvukana n’abakobwa bangahe n’abahungu bangahe?

_______________________________________


TOPIC 4: Asking And Giving Directions Kuyobora No Kuyoboza & Gutwara Abantu Nʼibintu

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Describe different Public places.

• Ask for direction to someone using Kinyarwanda.

•Give direction to someone using Kinyarwanda.

• Refuse politely to give direction to someone else in Kinyarwanda.

IV.1. Dialog

Mac: Mwiriwe? Josine: Mwiriwe. Mac: Mushobora kundangira ku ibiro bya One Acre FundJosine: Komeza uzamuke hariya haruguru urabona inzu nini iri ibumose bwawe ni aho.Mac: Ni umwanya ungana gute n’amaguru? Josine: Ni nk’iminota icumiMac: Murakoze cyaneJosine: Namwe mirakoze

IV. 2. Vocabulary

Words referring to directions / Amagambo ajyanye n‘ibyerekezo

Kinyarwanda English Kuzamuka _______________________________ KumanukaGukata _______________________________


Gutambika _______________________________ Amajyaruguru ___________________________ Amajyepfo _______________________________ Iburasirazuba _______________________________ Iburengerazuba _______________________________

Prepositions - Hagati ya - Hejuru ya - Munsi ya - Hepfo ya - Haruguru ya - Imbere ya - Inyuma ya - Ibumoso bwa - Iburyo bwa - Hafi ya - Kure ya Examples / Ingero

- Gahima atuye hafi ya Chez Lando. - Christina yicaye ibumoso bwa Edson. - Ikaramu ya Tom yaguye munsi y‘ameza. Different expressions used to ask directions :

• Mushobora kunyereka inzira ijya .........

• Mushobora kunyobora..........

• Ni gute umuntu yagera .............

• Mwanyeretse inzira ijya ...............

• Mushobora kundangira...........


ExampleA: Mwanyeretse inzira ijya kuri BAOBA? B: Zamuka, nugera mu muhanda wa kaburimbo uhite ukata iburyo, ukomeze inzira imwe nugera ku mashuri ukate iburyo bwawe. Noneho wambuke umuhanda urayibona imbere yawe.

IV. 3. GRAMMAR

Future Tense / Inzagihe To conjugate verbs in the future tense, use the following rule: Verb marker + tense marker “ za” + root

Example

Nzajya ku isoko (Kujya)

Uzagura imodoka (kugura) Azarya ibirayi (kurya) Tuzakina umupira ( gukina)

Muzatembera ejo ( gutembera) Bazasura inshuti zabo ( gusura)

A: Uzajya i kigali ryari? B: Nzajya i kigali icyumweru gitaha. A: Ese uzajya ku isoko ejo? B: Oya sinzajya ku isoko ejo. Negative form

Sinzajya i kigaliNtuzagura ibirayiNtazakina icyumweru gitahaNtituziga ikinyarwanda Ntimuzavuga icyongerezaNtibazakora umukoro


You can also use NTABWO : Ntabwo nzajya muri amerika vubaIV. 4. Practice

Exercise 1Translate the following dialogue into Kinyarwanda. A: Can you show me the way to Amahoro stadium please? B: From Chez Lando, go straight like five and turn left, you will see a house on your right which says ―Airtel. keep going like five minutes the stadium is there in your right. A: Is the Amahoro stadium located just opposite Sport view hotel? B: Yes, sport view is on the left side. A: __________________________________________________________________ B: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ A: __________________________________________________________________ B: __________________________________________________________________

IV.5. Home work / umukoro

Greet various people in the community and ask them how to reach the suggested places in Kigali:

Kigali airport

Nyabugogo park

Kimironko market

Remera bus station

Nakumatt super market


TOPIC 5: Ask Prices And Bargain In The Market Kubaza ibiciro no Guciririkanya mu isoko

Learning Objectives

• Name at least 10 items at the market in Kinyarwanda. • Ask for price of the items needed at the market in Kinyarwanda. • Bargain down prices with appropriate sentences in Kinyarwanda.

V.1. Dialog

Cathy: Mwiriwe?

Umucuruzi: Mwiriwe! Murifuza iki kiliya

Cathy: Ndashaka imbuto, iyi mineke ni angahe?

Umucuruzi: Ni amafaranga magana atanu gusa.

Cathy: Ni menshi gabanya ! Urafata magana atatu?

Umucuruzi: Oya iyi mineke ni myiza cyane. Zana magana ane

Cathy: Sawa. Ni mwwakire.

V. 2 . VOCABULARY

Different items in the market /Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu isoko

Kinyarwanda English

Isabune yo kumesa/gukaraba ____________________________ Uburoso bw‘amenyo/bw‘inkweto ____________________________ Korogate ____________________________


Amavuta yo kwisiga ____________________________

Ikibiriti ____________________________

itabi ____________________________

Umutaka ____________________________

Urwembe ____________________________

Imakasi ____________________________

Agaseke ____________________________

Igikapu cy'ibirere ____________________________

imbuto ____________________________

imboga ____________________________

Amakara ____________________________

Isahane ____________________________

Isafuriya ____________________________

Ingufuri ____________________________

Amasogisi ____________________________

Other ways for asking prices and quality of items:

• Imineke ni angahe?• Isabune igura gute? • Mugurisha gute amavuta? • Igiciro cy‘isaha ni angahe? • Iki gikombe muca angahe?


V. 3. GRAMMAR

Numbers and counting in Kinyarwanda / Imibare no kubara mu Kinyarwanda.

V. 3. 1. Formation of cardinal numbers

Tens: Mirongo + number (except 10 & 20)

Hundreds: Magana + number(except 100)

Thousands: Ibihumbi+hundreds+number(except 1000)

1. rimwe 11 icumi na rimwe. 12 icumi na kabiri 3.gatatu4.kane5.gatanu6.gatandatu7.karindwi8.umunani9.icyenda10.icumi 20 makumyabiri

30. mirongo itatu40. mirongo ine 50. mirongo itanu60. mirongo itandatu70. mirongo irindwi80. mirongo inani90. mirongo icyenda 100. ijana200. magana abiri300. magana atatu400. magana ane500. magana atanu600. magana atandatu


700. magana arindwi800. magana inani900. magana icyenda 1000. igihumbi 2000. ibihumbi bibiri 3000. ibihumbi bitatu

V. 4. PRACTICE

Exwerise 1

Working in pairs, refer to the previous dialog and make up your own dialog and then present it in front of your classmates.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences using one of the following words:

Ibicuruzwa, 200, Nta mafaranga, kugura, Angahe?, Igiciro, Nzagura, 100,Isoko, Ubwiza, Ni amafaranga, Mugurisha

1. Mu Rwanda ______________byinshi ubisanga mu _________. Mbere yo ______________ubaza ___________hanyuma ukabaza _______________bwabyo

2. Isabune igura ________________?

3. Igura amafaranga _________________, hari n‘igura ______________

4. Yihorere _______________ubutaha _________________ mfite

5. ___________________________gute agaseke?

6. ____________________________igihumbi.


Exercise 3

Translate these sentences into Kinyarwanda. / Hindura izi nteruro mu Kinyarwanda

How much do scissors cost? _________________________

How much do cigarettes cost? _________________________

I need an umbrella. How much does it cost? _________________________

Do you have matches? How much are they? :B _________________________

Give me a tooth brush. How much is it? _________________________

How much does a basket cost? ________________________

V. 5. Home work / Umukoro

Go in a shop and buy staffs that you need to use. Bargain and buy at a good price. Avoid using gestures but rather use kinyarwanda phrases and numbers.


TOPIC 6 : Describe Your Feelings Gusobanura uko umerewe

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Describe your physical well being in Kinyarwanda to somebody else or to a doctor or nurse.

• Name different parts of the body and say where you are hurting. •Get information about one‟s health.

VI.1. Dialog

Don: Mwaramutse? Jimmy: Mwaramutse! Don: Amakuru yawe? Jimmy: Ni meza ariko ndarwaye. Don: Urwaye iki? Jimmy: Ndababara umutwe kandi ndakorora cyane. Don: Yooo! ihangane ujye kwivuza. Jimmy: Yego urakoze. Don: Ngaho mwirirwe! Jimmy: Mwirirwe namwe! Comprehension check

1. Ni nde urwaye? 2. Arababara he? 3. Ese arajya kwivuza?


VI. 2. VOCABULARY

VI. 2. 1. Expressions relating to feeling and health / Imvugo zijyanye n‘uko ubuzima bumeze Kinyarwanda English

Kubabara ________________________ Kwishima________________________ kuvunika ________________________ kuremba ________________________ Kwivuza ________________________ Gusonza ________________________ Guhaga ________________________ Gukonja ________________________ Kugira isereri ________________________ Kugira umuriro ________________________ Gushyuha ________________________ Gutinya ________________________ Kuruka _________________________ Kunanirwa _________________________Kuruhuka _________________________Kugira inyota _______________________Kuruhuka __________________________

VI. 2. 2. Parts of human body / Ibice bigize umubiri w‟umuntuUmutwe ________________________ Ukuboko ________________________ Ukuguru ________________________ Ijisho ________________________ Izuru ________________________ Umunwa ________________________ Ikirenge ________________________ Inda ________________________ Umugongo ________________________ Agatuza ________________________


VI .3. GRAMMAR

Verb to be sick in present tense / Inshinga ―Kurwara mu ndagihe

Jimmy yabwiye Placide ati: ―ndwaye umutwe kandi ndwaye n‘inkorora, Kennedy nawe ati ―nanjye ndwaye mu nda n‘abana banjye barwaye malaria. Other phrases

1 Ndi koroherwa/ I am getting better

2 Nakomeretse I am injured

3 Ndababara / I feel pain

4 Ndacumbagira / I am limping

VI.4. PRACTICE

Exercise 1Fill the following words in the sentences below/ Uzuza aya magambo mu nteruro zikurikiraukuboko, arababara, yavunitse, arwaye, yagize umuriro, kwivuza, afite, cyane, amaboko, amaguru, arakonje, umutwe.

DAVID yabyimbye_______________, none ________________

DAVID ____________ukuguru kandi ______________amaso _________________cyane

Yarembye_______________kandi________________umuriro

DAVID arwaye, ________________cyane


Umuntu afite______________abiri, ___________abiri, ariko___________________ni umwe.

Exercise 2 Rewrite the sentences in affirmative form if they are in negative and vice versa

Ndwaye umugongo. ____________________________

Sity ntiyavunitse ukuboko. _______________________

John yarembye cyane. __________________________

David Ntabwo yishimye. _________________________

Anne amerewe neza. ______________________

Sony ari guseka kuko yishimiye inshuti ye. _______________________

Abuba afite isereri. ___________________________

Taty arashyushe. __________________________

Freddy arakonje. _____________________________

Exercise 3

Put the text in order to form an appropriate dialog ______ Ndajyayo uyu munsi ______ Murakoze mwirirwe! ______ Ni meza, ariko. ______ Umerewe ute? ______ Ntawbo meze nezai! ______ Kandi ndakorora cyane ______ Mwirirwe! ______ Mfite umuriro mwinshi


______ Ihangane ujye kwa muganga ______ Amakuru yawe?

VI. 5. Home work / umukoro Go to the ask people about their health using the following questions:

1. Umeze ute? / How do you feel?

2. Urarwaye? / Are you sick?

3. Urwaye iki? /What are you suffering from?

4. Urababara he? /Where do you feel pain?

5. Wavunitse? /Are you broken?

6. Urwaye umutwe? /Are you sick with headache?

7. Urwara igifu? /Do you have stomachache


TOPIC 7: Gather Information About Big Days Kubaza amakuru yʼiminsi mikuru

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Tell someone else at least three correct names of big days• Get information in Kinyarwanda about various events.• Give information about different ceremonies.

VII. 1. DIALOG:

Jane: Waramutse Alex?

Alex: Waramutse Jane.

Jane: Uwera ari hehe?

Alex: Yoo! ntubizi?

Jane: Byagenze bite?

Alex: Uwera yarabyaye, ari mu kiruhuko.

Jane: Yoo! Ni byiza. Yabyaye iki?

Alex: Yabyaye umuhungu.

Jane: Ni uko, ni uko; niyonkwe. Nshobora kumuzanira ururabo?

Alex: Byaba byiza mumuzaniye amata.


VII. 2. VOCABULARY

Happy and unhappy events / Iminsi mikuru n‘ibyago

Kinyarwanda English

Umunsi mukuru _______________________

Ubukwe _______________________

Ubunani _______________________

Kwita izina _______________________

Noheli _______________________

Icyunamo _______________________

Ikiruhuko _______________________

Pasika _______________________

Umunsi w‘intwari _______________________

Expressions related to happy and unhappy events:

Yooo! _______________________Ntubizi _______________________Byagenze bite? _______________________Habaye iki? _______________________

In Kinyarwanda to inquire about happy and unhappy events, we use questions like “Habaye iki? or “Byagenze bite?”, the answer may be ―Habaye______” which means ―there is or―there are


Example:

Habaye ubukwe. Habaye icyunamo. / There is a wedding. There is mourning.

VII.3. GRAMMAR

Simple past tense / Impitakera

Ejo Uwera yarabyaye

Ejo njye nararwaye

Ejo wowe warasetse

Ejo abantu barishimye

RuleThese underlined verbs are in simple past tense. In Kinyarwanda, to conjugate a verb in the simple past tense, we replace the “ku” or “gu” of the infinitive by the verbal prefix plus the tense marker “a-ra” if the verb does not have an object, or “-a-“ if it does, plus root plus the end syllable “-ye”.

Example: Yarabyaye

Infinitive: Kubyara ku-byar-a

ku is the infinitive mark.

byar is the verbal root.

a is the infinitive final.

Simple past: Yarabyaye ! a-a-ra-byar-ye / Yarabyaye

Rules:

a+a ! ya

r+the final ye ! ye


More examples:

! Ejo Kalisa yararwaye.

! Umwaka ushize naratewe.

! Mugabo yarasaze.

a) Uwera yabyaye umuhungu

Rule: The ending –ye of the past makes the following changes:

K+ye=tse

S+ye=she

r+ye=ye

t+ye=se

r+ye=ze

g+ye=ze

Examples:

! Ejo navuze icyongereza.

! Umwaka ushize naguze imodoka.

! Mu cumweru gishize wariye igitoke mu kabari.

! Ejo John na Mary bakoze ubukwe


VII. 4. PRACTICE

Exercise 1Sit in pairs & read the following sentences. Then underline the names of happy events and put in brackets the names of unhappy events.

Ubukwe bwa Mugeni ni ku bunani

Kuri Noheri, Gasana yise umwana izina. Rachael yagiye i Kigali kuri Pasika ishize.

Ku munsi w‘intwari, twanyoye inzoga nyinshi.

Exercise 2

Discuss how the following days are celebrated in the Britain.

! Noheri

! Ubunani

! Umunsi w‘ubukwe

! Umunsi w‘icyunamo

Exercise 3Conjugate the verbs in brackets in the simple past tense.

1. Ejo hashize David (Guhobera) Mary.

______________________________________________________

2. Njyewe (Kubyara).

____________________________________________________

3. Mu cyumweru gishize, muganga (Kuvura) abarwayi?

____________________________________________________


4. Ejo hashize Peter (Kujya) muri Barthos Hotel.

____________________________________________________

5. 9/11/2001 Abanyamerika (Gutora).

____________________________________________________

6. Mu kwezi gushize, Kalisa (Kurwara) malariya.

____________________________________________________

VII. 5. Home work / umukoro

Go and ask your Rwandan Friends about the main events they celebrate and how they celebrate them. Use the following questions and be prepared to report the information in your classroom.

Question / Ikibazo

Iminsi mikuru mukunda kugira ni iyihe?

Muyizihiza mute? (igenewe ba nde, haba hari iki?, Kangahe mu mwaka?,....)


TOPIC 8: Politely Accept Or Refuse An Invitation Kwemera & guhakana ubutumire

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Describe in Kinyarwanda to somebody, cultural events and ceremonies.

• Politely invite friends, colleagues or neighbors to different events, ceremonies.

• Accept politely an invitation from somebody by using appropriate structures in Kinyarwanda.

• Decline politely an invitation from somebody by using appropriate structures in Kinyarwanda.

VIII.1. Dialog

Anne: Amakuru Marc? Marc : Ni meza. Anne : Naragushatse ngo ngutumire ndakubura. Mfite ubukwe kuwa gatandatu. Ndagutumiye. Marc : Sinzaboneka. Nzaba ndi mu mahugurwa.. Anne: Eh!! Ntakibazo. Urabeho. Marc: Urabeho. Comprehension check - Ni bande bavuga mu kiganiro? / Who is talking in the dialog?

- Anne afite iki kuwa gatandatu? / What does Anne have on Saturday?

- Marc azajyayo? / Will Marc go there?

- Yavuze iki? / What did he say?


VIII. 2. VOCABULARY

Kinyarwanda English

-Kubyina _______________________________ -Gusangira _______________________________ -Gutembera _______________________________ -Koga / Kwoga _______________________________ -Kwiruka _______________________________ -Ubukwe _______________________________ Other words and expressions: - Amahugurwa _______________________________ - Gutumira _______________________________ - Kuboneka _______________________________ - Gushaka _______________________________ - Kubura _______________________________ - Ntakibazo ______________________________ Other ways of inviting people

- Ndagutumiye nimugoroba

I invite you this evening.

- Tujyane kubyina

Let‘s go dancing.

- Uze kureba umukino wacu

Come and see our match.

- Muzaze mu bukwe


Please come to our wedding.

- Uzifatanye natwe

Please be together with us.

- Uzaboneka ejo?

Will you be available tomorrow?

- Ufite akanya tuge gutembera?

Do you have a time to walk with me?

- Ushobora kuza kureba filime?

Can you come and watch a movie?

Different ways of refusing and accepting an invitation

Refusing an invitation Accepting an invitation

- Oya / No - Yego / Yes - Ntamwanya / No time. - Ndaza / I‘ll come - Sinzaba mpari / I‘ll not be there - Nzaboneka / I‘ll be available - Sinzaboneka / I‘ll not be available - Ntakibazo / No problem

VIII. 3. GRAMMAR

VIII. 3. 1. Using the auxiliary verb ―gushobora / be able Examples: Nshobora kuza kubyina. Ushobora kuza kubyina. Ashobora kuza kubyina. Dushobora kuza kubyina.


Mushobora kuza kubyina. Bashobora kuza kubyina. VIII.3. 2. Connecting Words

Ariko ( but) : Nkunda gutembera i kigali ariko sinkunda kuhatura

Kandi ( and) : Ndi umukozi wa One Acre Fund kandi shinzwe abakozi

Na ( and) : James na Jack ni abanyamerika kandi bombi ni abakozi ba OAF

Hanyuma (afterward): Uyu minsi ndajya guhaha hanyuma ndiga ikinyarwanda

Naho ( whereas) : Justin ni umunyarwanda naho Rachel ni umunyamerika

Mbere yo ( before + verb): Mbere yo kurya ugomba gukaraba intoki

Nyuma yo ( after + verb): Nyuma yo kurya ugomba gufata iminota mike yo kuruhuka

VIII. 4. PRACTICE

Exercise 1Complete the sentences using one of the following words from dialog: bazamukwa, ngutumire, sinzaboneka, mahugurwa, yantumiye

1. John yantumiye, kuko umukobwa we _________________

2. Ariko _________________

3. John __________________ kuko umukobwa we bazamukwa.

4. Marc naragushatse ngo________________ ndakubura.

5. Nzaba ndi mu _____________________


Exercise 2Work in pairs to analyze this invitation in Kinyarwanda and write another one using your own words.

Umuryango wa Gervais na Seromba wishimiye kubatumira mu bukwe bw‘ abana babo, Anitha na Eric buzabera muri Hotel Serena, i Kigali kuwa gatandatu tariki 30-3-2014 saa munani. Kuza kwanyu bizadushimisha.

VIII. 5. Home work / umukoro Go and ask the following questions in Kinyarwanda to the people and be prepared to report on your interview during the next class.

• Ni iyihe minsi mikuru mukunda gutumirwamo? / In which ceremonies / party are you invited to more often?

• Guhakana ubutumire biroroshye ?/ Is it easy to refuse an invitation?

• Kuki ?/ Why ?


TOPIC 9: Safety Issues Ibibazo byʼumutekano

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Identify situations where one needs to seek help.

• Explain in Kinyarwanda emergency situation to a local authority or to a neighbor.

• Answer to specific questions related to the emergency situation. IX. 1. Dialog

Thomas: Mwaramutse muyobozi!

Philip: Mwaramutse! Nimwicare.

Thomas: Murakoze.

Philip: Ko mwazindutse ni amahoro?

Thomas: Mfite ikibazo muyobozi.

Philip: Habaye iki ?

Thomas: Abasinzi bahora bansakuriza igihe cyose guhera mu gitondo. Yewe, nijoro ntibatuma nsinzira, barara batera

amabuye ku nzu. Uzi ko bavuze ko nimbibwira abayobozi bazankubita!

Philip : Ooh, ni ikibazo koko. Ihangane ejo tuzakora inama y‘akagari tuzareba uko tugikemura.

IX.2. VOCABULARY

Kinyarwanda English

• gutera (icyuma) ______________________


• Kurasa (imbunda) ______________________

• Gukubita ______________________

• Kwiba ______________________

• Kurwana ______________________

• Guhonda ______________________

• Kwica ______________________

• Umuntu mubi ______________________

• Urugi ______________________

• Humura ______________________

• Gushobora (sinshobora) ______________________

Some expressions that can be used in security issues

- Ihangane (used when the person has social problems) - Humura (Used when someone is afraid) - Komera (used when a person has a physical problem) Ayi wee mana weee! / Eh God! Ayi wee data weee! / Eh daddy! Natewe nimuntabare! / I‘m attacked! Ihangane turaje! / Be patient, we are coming! Komera, komera!!! / Be strong, be strong! Nta mutekano mfite. / I am not secure. Amabandi arantera buri munsi. /Everyday I am attacked by the robbers. Ndabona ntagishoboye kuba muri iyi nzu /I can‘t stand staying in this house.

IX. 3. GRAMMAR

IX. 3. 1. Present perfect / Impitakare

This verbal form is in the present perfect. Rule: Present Perfect in Kinyarwanda is formed by: “Verbal prefix‟ + Radical of the verb + ‗ye‘

Examples Gusoma: a – a + som-ye yasomye Kuryama: a – a + ryam – ye yaryamye Kujya: a – a + gi – ye yagiye Gukubita: n-a + kubit – ye nakubise Kurwana: n - a + rwan -ye narwanye


Guhonda: a – a + hond – ye yahonze Guhinga: u – a + hing – ye wahinze Guteka: u – a + tek – ye watetse Gutegeka: n – a + tegek –ye nategetse.

IX. 3. 2. Hours in Kinyarwanda / Amasaha Ni saa moya 7:00 / 19:00 It‘s 7:00 / 19:00 Ni saa mbiri 8:00 / 20:00 It‘s 8:00 / 20:00 Ni saa tatu 9:00 / 21:00 It‘s 9:00 / 21:00 Ni saa yine 10:00 / 22:00 It‘s 10:00 / 22:00 Ni saa tanu 11:00 / 23:00 It‘s 11:00 / 23:00 Ni saa sita 12:00 / 00:00 It‘s 12:00 / 00:00 Ni saa saba 13:00 / 01:00 It‘s 13:00 / 01:00 Ni saa munani 14:00 / 02:00 It‘s 14:00 / 02:00 Ni saa cyenda 15:00 / 03:00 It‘s 15:00 / 03:00 Ni saa kumi 16:00 / 04:00 It‘s 16:00 / 04:00 Ni saa kumi n‘imwe 17:00 / 05:00 It‘s 17:00 / 05:00 Ni saa kumi n‘ebyiri 18:00 / 06:00 It‘s 18:00 / 06:00 IX. 4. PRACTICE

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct words learned in this topica) ___________na ni bibi.

b) Umupolisi agiye _________umujura.

c) Ntambara amaze ________ku rugi. d) ________abana ni bibi. e) Abajura bakunda __________.

f) Ibyihebe bikunda ____________abantu. g) Iyo ________ icyuma umuntu ava amaraso.


Exercise 2Conjugate the verbs in brackets in the present perfect tense. a) Umupolisi _______________ (gukubita) umujura.

b) Umujura_____________ (guhonda) ku rugi.

c) Karekezi_____________ (kurwana) na Tadeyo.

d) Umujura _______________ (gusenya) inzu.

e) Umutoni _________________ (guhinga) hanini.

f) Mama wawe ______________ (guteka) ibirayi.

g) Félicien_________________ (kwigisha) ikinyarwanda.

IV. Home work / umukoro

Go in the neighboring community and talk to people and ask them how someone would call for rescue in Kinyarwanda.


TOPIC 10: Explain Daily Activities Gusobanura ibikorwa bya buri munsi

Learning objectives

• Explain in Kinyarwanda your job responsibilities in Kinyarwanda.

• Describe in Kinyarwanda at least four activities of at your job

• Tell someone your schedule X.1. DIALOG

Janet: Muraho?

Karake: Muraho, muraho!

Janet: Nitwa Janet, ndi umukozi wa OAF, nkorera i Rubengera.

karake: Ahh! ! Mufite gahunda imeze gute mu Rwanda?

Janet: OAF ni umuryango w’abanyamerika ufasha abantu mu buhinzi. Dufasha abahinzi kubona gutubura imbuto kugira ngo babone umusaruro mwiza.

Karake: Eeeh! Ni byiza rwose. Nanjye ndi umuyobozi w’akagari, nshinzwe guhuza ibikorwa byose by’akagari: umutekano, iterambere, ubuzima bwiza, uburezi n’ibindi.

Janet: Ni byiza ndizera ko tuakora neza

Karake: Yego , ariko muzanadushingire amaclubs yigisha icyongereza.

Janet: Tuzagerageza

Karake: Murakoze cyane. Rwose tubahaye ikaze.

Janet: Namwe

X. 1. VOCABULARY Kinyarwanda English Ubuhinzi ____________________________ Uburezi ____________________________ Gutubura ____________________________ Imbuto ____________________________


Iterambere ____________________________ Ifumbire ____________________________ Guhinga ____________________________ kuhira____________________________ Kubagara____________________________ Gutera ______________________________ Days of the week Kuwa mbere _______________________________ Kuwa kabiri _______________________________ Kuwa gatatu _______________________________ Kuwa kane _______________________________ Kuwa gatanu _______________________________ Kuwa gatandatu (kuwa nyuma) _______________________________ Ku cyumweru _______________________________

Months of the year 1. Ukwezi kwa mbere______________________________________________2. Ukwezi kwa kabiri ______________________________________________3. Ukwezi kwa gatatu______________________________________________4. Ukwezi kwa kane ______________________________________________5. Ukwezi kwa gatanu______________________________________________6. Ukwezi kwa gatandatu ______________________________________________7. Ukwezi kwa karindwi______________________________________________8. Ukwezi kwa munani______________________________________________9. Ukwezi kwa cyenda______________________________________________10.Ukwezi kwa cumi______________________________________________ 11.Ukwezi kwa na rimwe______________________________________________12.Ukwezi kwa cumi na kabiri______________________________________________

X. 2. GRAMMAR

Habitual past Babyukaga mu gitondo / They used to wake up in the morning. Baririmbaga mu rusengero / They used to sing in church. Baryaga saa sita / They used to eat at midday. Nandikaga mu ikaye / I used to write in a notebook. Yarasomaga / He/she used to read


Naravugaga / I used to speak Note that the word NKIRI ( When I was still...) is very used with this tense. example: Nkiri umwana nakundaga gukina cyane ariko ubu ntwabo ngikunda gukina

Rules: Verbs in habitual past are conjugated like this: Verb marker + tense marker (a) + root + termination (aga). When the verb doesn‘t have an object, the tense marker becomes (ara) Examples: Kurya / verb to eat with an object Naryaga n – a- ri – aga Naryaga umuceri / I used to eat rice. Waryaga u – a – ri – aga Waryaga ibishyimbo / You used to eat beans. Yaryaga a – a – ri – aga Yaryaga imyumbati / He/She used to eat cassava Twaryaga tu – a – ri – aga Twaryaga igitoki / We used to eat banana. Mwaryaga mu – a – ri – aga Mwaryaga humburger / You used to eat hamburger. Baryaga ba – a – ri – aga Baryaga chocolat / They used to eat chocolate.

Kurya / verb to eat without an object Nararyaga n – a – ra - ri – aga I was eating. Wararyaga u – a – ra - ri – aga You were eating. Yararyaga a – a – ra - ri – aga He/She was eating. Twararyaga tu – a – ra - ri – aga we wre eating. Mwararyaga mu – a – ra - ri – aga You were eating. Bararyaga ba – a – ra - ri – aga They were eating.

Present continuous tense is formed with help of the past of Kuba / to be + the present of kuba / to be + infinitive

examplesNari ndi kurya igihe mugenzi wanjye yajeYari ari guteka ibiryo bya nijoro naho njye nari ndi gutegura raporoTwari turi guhinga igihe we yari muri biro


X. 3. PRACTICE Exercise 1Write a text using past, present and future tenses.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write about your work responsibilities in OAF. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ IV. Home work / umukoro Go to your in your Community and ask a mother a father and a child to describe his/ her daily activities. Present what you learn to your class.


TOPIC 11: Ordering A Meal In A Restaurant Gutumiza Ibiryo Muri Resitora

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Be able to ask a meal you want in a restaurant

• Know some rwandan dishes

• Say how the food tastes

XI. 1. DIALOG

Kabera: Tubazanire iki? John : Hari ubuhe bwoko bw‘ibiryo? Kabera: Hari umuceri, ifiriti, igitoki, lenga lenga n‘ubugali. John : Ipula y‘ibiryo ni angahe? Kabera : Ni amafaranga 1000 gusa. John : Nzanira igitoki, ibishyimbo, umuceri,na lenga lenga. Hari n‘icyo kunywa? Kabera : Yego, hari fanta amazi, primus, miitzig na Amstel John : Zana fanta coca ikonje. Kabera : Muryoherwe. John : Murakoze.

XI. 2. VOCABULARY Kinyarwanda English Ibijumba ____________________________ Ibishyimbo ____________________________ Ibirayi ____________________________ Amashaza ____________________________ Imyumbati ____________________________ Igitoki ____________________________ Amateke ____________________________ Byamumereye nabi ____________________________ Bikomeye ____________________________ Kumira ____________________________ Ibiryo ______________


Kuzana/ kuzanira _________________________ Kurya _________________________ Kunywa _________________________ Gutumiza _________________________ Gufata _________________________ Guha _________________________ Ipula _________________________ Kuryoherwa _________________________ Kwishyura _________________________ Kugaruza _________________________

XI. 3. GRAMMAR

Adverbs of manner / Imigereka y‘uburyo Cyane /very or very much

buhoro /slowly

Vuba, vuba vuba / quickly

Neza / well

Nabi /badly

Bwangu /quickly

Rwose /truly

XI. 4. PRACTICE

Exercise 1Rearrange the words to make meaningful sentences

1) Yaryaga – resitora – amashaza – Justin – muri – n‘igitoki __________________________________________________ 2) Kurya – Rwanda – ibishyimbo – bakunda – mu – ibijumba – n‘ __________________________________________________


3) Gitondo – umugati – twebwe – mu – tuzarya – ejo __________________________________________________

4) Chocolate – bakunda – muri kurya – na – Amerika – Pizza _________________________________________________

5) Bivanze – kurya – wowe – ibishyimbo – ukunda – ibirayi – n‘ __________________________________________________

6) Noheli – Chili – mwebwe – kuri – mwaryaga __________________________________________________

Exericse 2Conjugate the following verbs as indicated. 1) Ku cyumweru wowe (Kujya:future) mu isoko ___________________________________________________

1) Buri gitondo njyewe (Kurya:past, negative form) umugati

___________________________________________________

2) Mu mashuri abanza twewe (Gukina past) umuupira

___________________________________________________

3) Kuri Noheli we (Kuza: future) mu gitondo

___________________________________________________

4) Uyu munsi twebwe (Kuririmba: near future) neza _______________________________________________

5) Iwanyu abana (Kuryama :past, negative form) saa sita

___________________________________________________


Exercise 3Supply appropriate questions or answers in the blanks. 1) ___________________? Ubutaha tuzarya ibirayi n‘amashaza

2) Ku wa kane uzarya igitoki? Oya, ______________

3) ___________________? Yego, abana baryaga umugati

4) Uyu munsi urarya Chocolate? Yego, _____________

5) ___________________? Jyewe naryaga Chocolate

6) Buri munsi mwaryaga ibishyimbo? Oya, ______________

7) ___________________? Nijoro we ararya ibishyimbo n‘ibijumba


TOPIC 12: Describe Your Housing Problem Gusobanura Ibibazo Byʼinzu

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• Identify in Kinyarwanda the house damage.

• Explain in Kinyarwanda the house damage to the landlord.

• Suggest in Kinyarwanda a solution to the damage.

XII. 1. Letter

Nyakubahwa, Nejejwe no kubandikira ngirango mbamenyeshe ko inzu mbamo yangiritse ikaba itameze neza. Mu by’ukuri, idirishya ryayo ryarangiritse kandi urugi ntirufungika neza. Nkaba nabasaga ko mwayisana. Mbaye mbashimiye.

Mike

XII. 2. Vocabulary

Kinyarwanda English Kwangirika __________________________ Kutamera neza __________________________ Kudafungika __________________________ Gusana __________________________ Gusaduka __________________________ Kumeneka __________________________ Icyumba __________________________ Idirishya __________________________ Urugi __________________________ Amategura __________________________ Amabati __________________________ Urukuta __________________________ Intebe __________________________ Ameza __________________________ Akabati __________________________


Imfunguzo __________________________ XII.2. Grammar

Qualifying adjectives These are the roots of the qualifying adjectives I would note that they change and respect the noun classes of the qualified noun.

-IZA : good_BI : bad_RE-RE : tall/ long_GUFI : short_NINI : big_TO : small / young_shaje : old_ shya : new

examples Inka nziza : n /-iza Intoki mbi : n/-bi Inkoni ndende : n/-re-n/-re Umugabo mugufi : mu/-gufi Igiti gito : ki/-to Umusore muremure : mu/-re-mu/-reInzu ni mbi. Iyi ntebe ni nini kandi ni ndende. Iki giti ni kigufi. Irya nzu ifite idirishya rirerire. Aya mazi ni meza. Rubengera ni umujyi muto.


XII. 4. Practice

Exercise 1Translate the following text in Kinyarwanda: DAVID lives at Kanombe. He has two houses. The first is wide and high. It has small windows and short doors. The second is nice and big but it is old. He is very happy and he wants to buy another new house. This should be long, big, high and wide. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 2Rearrange these words to make meaningful sentences.

a. Ya, inzu, Yohani, irashaje, cyane

_______________________________________

b. Ntimeze, ya, cyane, Petero, neza, inka

_________________________________________

c. Ntebe, gusanwa, iyi, ikwiye

___________________________________________

d. Ya, inzu, Emmanuel, idirishya, yangiritse

__________________________________________

e. Rwa, John, urugi, rwasadutse

____________________________________________

f. Urugi, neza, ntirufungika uru

_____________________________________________


g. Ameza. Petero, neza, ntasize, irangi, ya, cyane

_____________________________________________

h. Inzu, Bosco, ya, ariko, ngufi, nziza, ni, kandi, ni

XII. 5. Home work / umukoro Go in the community and look at the houses and shop and write a one page description of the houses.


Education

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