Key trends in academic libraries

Trendsand how

to use them

Arnold HirshonAssociate Provost & University LibrarianCase Western Reserve University

EIFL General Assembly 21 November 2016Chiinu, Moldova

budget

staffing

technology

ecosystemfactors

& resources

educational institutional

functionsResearch Learning

Space (facilities)

Research ServicesContent

Learning Services

library roles

service opportunity

(selective)

digital scholarship digitization stations new media visualizations & infographics data integration/

management copyright compliance GIS & location services Data analytics

info discovery systems

e-books & e-journals open content digital repositories purchase on demand self-publishing special collections

student engagement outcomes based

learning & assessment

critical thinking digital literacy knowledge contexts active learning

collaborative & active learning spaces

quiet study Inviting spaces leisure & relaxation innovation hubs &

makerspaces

the library ecosystem

knowing about the trends without making plans is just navel gazing

choosing from the trends and then making things happen is hard!

identifying trends is easy

the relevance of these trends to your countrysome of the trends may not appear to be particularly

relevant to your country today

most will become relevant to your consortium and your libraries over time

taking action will require you to adapt the ideas to meet the special conditions of your local resources

and cultural differences

How to Select From Among Many Ideas

how to identify trends, where to find them,

& separating the gold from the drossanecdotesanecdataliterature reviewsdelphi panels of expertstwitter and crowdsourcesobservational studiesempirical and historical data

the best way to predict the future is to create it

trending library

buzzwords

some anecdatathe future of the university IS the future of the library

Traditional academic publishing. University presses and peer-reviewed journals may continue to exist, but that their structures and prestige will be unrecognizable. We will increasingly find ways to publish quality work without a prohibitive paywall or years-long review queues. Jeanne-Marie Jackson [Assistant Professor of English, Johns Hopkins University]

phenomena that seem crucial today but will be forgotten in 50 Years

MOOCs: [by 2066] no one will know what you are talking about. they will barely register as a historical blip. Tressie McMillan Cottom [assistant professor of Sociology, Virginia Commonwealth University and Faculty Associate, Harvard University Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society]

The library as we know it. Greg Britton [Editorial Director at Johns Hopkins University Press]

Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education

more anecdata:What makes you optimistic about the next 50 years?

Todays students are engaged on campus and in the world, and they hold themselves and the colleges and universities they attend to high standards. Mariko Silver [President, Bennington College]

The global circulation of students and scholars, English as the lingua franca of science will allow for great exchange of ideas across borders, and the great reduction of global poverty together will vastly expand the pool of potential learners and knowledge producers. Dalton Conley [Professor of Sociology, Princeton University]

There is very little that makes me optimistic about the next 50 years in higher education. Richard Grusin [new media scholar, author, Professor of English at the University of WisconsinMilwaukee, and former Director of the Center for 21st Century Studies.]

Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education

Yet More Anecdata: Two Opposing Views

http://www.nxtbook.com/pmg/UB/UB_1016/index.php#/40

Emphasize active, student-centered learning with adaptable spaces with extreme flexibility for students to work independently and in g roups. Let students take ownership of the building, moving whiteboards and chairs on the elevator.

Eliminate the stationary reference desk.

Repurpose libraries as collaborative learning and technology centers, with dining areas.

Transform from being a book warehouse to an inviting cultural and academic hub of campus.

It's Not Too Late to Save the StacksWhy we still need to keep books in our campus librariesBy Ann E. Michael (October 19, 2016

http://www.chronicle.com/article/Its-Not-Too-Late-to-Save-the/238106?cid=at&utm_source=at&utm_medium=en&elqTrackId=04df21144ab24e0a8e463def5f7e49fa&elq=84323d16e04e4017861be680f167f182&elqaid=11191&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=4313

Students benefit when instructors force them into the stack. The tall rows of silent spines may be intimidating, but they also open up possibilities and discoveries.

New college students have have no coaching in how to research the less-than-obvious, the open-ended. Some of them have never stood, befuddled and overwhelmed, in a library aisle. Students benefit when instructors force them into the stacks. The tall rows of silent spines may be intimidating, but they also open up possibilities and discoveries.

http://www.nxtbook.com/pmg/UB/UB_1016/index.php#/40http://www.chronicle.com/article/Its-Not-Too-Late-to-Save-the/238106?cid=at&utm_source=at&utm_medium=en&elqTrackId=04df21144ab24e0a8e463def5f7e49fa&elq=84323d16e04e4017861be680f167f182&elqaid=11191&elqat=1&elqCampaignId=4313

2015: 18 tech trends transforming academic libraries

Trends Craft the user experience Deliver mobile content Record scholarly research Manage research data Provide open access to funded

research Rethink library space design

New Media Consortium

Challenges Integrating research libraries into

curriculum Improving digital literacy Competing with other sources of

information Hiring, training and retaining staff

who have the right skills, such as in data mining and web development

Keeping up with the pace of technological change is forcing libraries to think big

Information filtering using new tools for sorting, analyzing, and prioritizing

Tech Developments Library makerspaces for students

and faculty to create, tinker, and collaborate

Services to develop their own online resources

Infographics creation to create compelling messages

The Semantic web to relate pieces of information online

Location-based services to discover and interact with content, such as indoor mapping

Machine learning to "learn" from large datasets to perform extremely complex tasks

sources of library trends: 2016

Research data services (RDS) Data policies and data management plans Professional development for librarians providing

RDS

Digital scholarship Collection assessment ILS and content provider/fulfillment mergers Evidence of learning: Student success, learning analytics,

credentialing

New directions with the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education; Critical information literacy and fluency

Altmetrics Emerging staff skillsets positions. familiarity with

technology and technical support, focus on the user experience, support for virtual services, digital humanities, and knowledge management. emerging technologies, data analysis and visualization, and geographic information systems

Open Educational Resources (OER)

http://crln.acrl.org/content/77/6/274#sec-10Or http://crln.acrl.org/content/77/6/274.full.pdf+html

New Media Consortium

Which of the important developments in technology will be most important to academic and research libraries worldwide within the next five years?

Consumer Technologies: drones, real-time communication tools, robotics, wearable technology

Digital Strategies: location intelligence, makerspaces, preservation & conservation technologies

Internet Technologies: bibliometrics and citation technologies, blockchain, digital scholarship, Internet of Things, syndication tools

Learning Technologies: adaptive learning technologies, microlearning technologies, mobile learning, virtual and remote laboratories

Social Media Technologies: crowdsourcing; online identity; social networks, virtual worlds

Visualization Technologies: 3D printing, gis/mapping, information visualization, mixed reality, virtual reality

Enabling Technologies: affective computing, artificial intelligence, big data, electrovibration, flexible displays, mesh networks, mobile broadband, natural user interfaces, near field communication, next-generation batteries, open hardware, speech-to-speech translation, virtual assistants, wireless power

Ithaka Survey: If you received a 10% increase in your librarys budget next year in addition to the funds you already expect to receive, in which of the following areas would you allocate the money? Please check up to three areas that you would invest in.

New employees or redefined positions Consortia, shared infrastructure, and other types of

cross-institutional collaboration Digital preservation Print journal subscriptions Employee salary increases Tools for discovery (OPACs, indices, federated

search, etc.) E-books Facility expansion and renovations Employee travel and professional development Online or digital journals Print preservation and collection management Technology, systems, and infrastructure Rare materials and special collections Print monographs Publishing or scholarly communication initiatives

http://library.wiki.nmc.org/Horizon+Topics

http://library.wiki.nmc.org/Trends http://library.wiki.nmc.org/Challenges

http://crln.acrl.org/content/77/6/274#sec-10http://crln.acrl.org/content/77/6/274.full.pdf+htmlhttp://library.wiki.nmc.org/Horizon+Topicshttp://library.wiki.nmc.org/Trendshttp://library.wiki.nmc.org/Challenges

What are the Changes? What should you do?Content. The librarys role as a repository for knowledge is changing as libraries manage both physical and digital collections.

Manage investment in ebooks and third-party digital collections

Transition to just-in-time acquisition models Explore alternative access models for scholarly

literature Right-size print collections while repurposing library

space

Space. Good space is more important than more space. Host experimental classrooms, collaborative study rooms, and sophisticated technology

Research. Librarians help students and faculty master new tools to manipulate information.

Develop new roles for library staff in teaching and research support

Understand the implications of digital technology for information services

Learning. The library has become the central meeting place on many campuses, increasingly playing the role traditionally filled by the student center.

Create flexible informal study and meeting spaces

EAB: Redefining the Academic Library

Summary compiled from https://www.eab.com/research-and-insights/academic-affairs-forum/studies/2011/redefining-the-academic-library

https://www.eab.com/research-and-insights/academic-affairs-forum/studies/2011/redefining-the-academic-library

some Delphi takeawaysResearch

Growth of data policies and data management plans Changing relationships with faculty

Content & information discovery

Increasing streaming and on-demand services Better accessibility of research content & more competition among discovery system options Users becoming content providers, and libraries becoming publishers Need clear collection strategies to drive decision-making about format, delivery, and access

Digital scholarship & strategies

Digital scholarship centers are expanding More data analysis, visualization, use of geographic information systems and mapping Libraries as makerspaces

Technology Social media is having increased influence Uncertain futures for institutional repositories

Learning Expanded use of open educational resources Libraries as learning environments Radical redesign of library information literacy programs: adaptive, micro, and mobile

Planning, Organizational Design,

& Assessment

Greater focus on the user experience Developing cultures of innovation, experimentation (e.g., design thinking], and assessment Increased use of strategic metrics and altmetrics Rethinking the librarys organizational design and librarian roles

Library Spaces Redesigning library spaces

where are we today?

where are we going tomorrow?

the library today not a warehouse of old books people still read books (including printed books) students do go to the library to do more than just study all content is not available for free on the Internet not all students are tech savvy many students are not fully information or tech literate

tomorrow: increasing the librarys value in academic success

an idea incubator for entrepreneurship &

sustained innovation

+ +

=

scholarly content and resources

services for research &

scholarship

spaceto think &

collaborate

Campus libraries must diversify services and to become more inviting increased importance supporting undergraduate

students faculty see the library as a partner few faculty use libraries to preserve their own

research data (80% do it themselves, and only 10% rely on libraries to do so)

The library's role on campus must change more outward facing, welcoming, personal, open

and friendly services Work with instructors to better incorporate the library

into courses Provide big data services: store, manage, access

the imperative to change

April 19, 2016. How universities get students through their 'library anxiety EAB https://www.eab.com/daily-briefing/dailybriefingprint?i={E436A215-3C81-4D74-9958-AD490795F57D}

to cope with Library Anxiety:

the stress students experience when walking into their campus libraries because lack adequate research skills, fear asking for help, and

overwhelmed by their information choices

"Academic libraries are less about what they have for

people. They're more about what they

do for and with people. - Sari Feldman, Past President, American Library

Association

Charting a

Strategic Path

to the Future

Ensuring the Librarys Value

Today

contenttrends

new content strategiesM

ovin

g fr

om

librarian-predicted content to automatically available demand-driven by faculty & students

Mov

ing

to

applying data analytics to determine demonstrable need for evidence-based decisions

Mov

ing

beyo

nd

access versus ownership to continuous content licenses equals the new form of ownership

faculty impact factorsdemand-driven requests

circulation data journal & database usage interlibrary loan statistics

Sci-hub: piracy, or the ultimate open access?

Who's downloading pirated papers? EveryoneBy John Bohannon Apr. 28, 2016

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone

In increasing numbers, researchers around the world are turning to Sci-Hub, which hosts 50 million papers and

counting. [Over] 6 months Sci-Hub served up 28 million documents. The papers

cover every scientific topic The publisher with the most

requested Sci-Hub articles? Elsevier [for which] Sci-Hub

provided half-a-million downloads in one recent

week.

Article: Bohannon J (2016) Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone. Science 352(6285): 508-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6285.508. Dryad data package: Elbakyan A, Bohannon J (2016) Data from: Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone. Dryad Digital Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q447c

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyonehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6285.508http://datadryad.org/discover?query=0000-0003-1247-7941&submit=Gohttp://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q447c

an Elsevier report in 2010 estimated > 1 billion downloads for all publishers Sci-Hub may be siphoning off under 5% of normal traffic.

Many are concerned that Sci-Hub will prove as disruptive to the academic publishing business as the pirate site Napster was for the music industry

I dont endorse illegal tactics, says Peter Suber, director of the Office for Scholarly Communications at Harvard University However, a lawsuit isnt going to stop it, nor is there any obvious technical means. Everyone should be thinking about the fact that this is here to stay.

John Bohannon. Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone. Science 352(6285)

An anonymous publisher lays the blame on librarians for not making their online systems easier to use and educating their researchers. I dont think the issue is accessits the perception that access is difficult.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6285.508http://datadryad.org/discover?query=0000-0003-1247-7941&submit=Gohttp://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q447c


http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6285.508http://datadryad.org/discover?query=0000-0003-1247-7941&submit=Gohttp://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q447c

Open Access? The Sci-Hub Effectall downloads: percentage from

Sci-Hub, and not from EIFL databases

Sci-Hub download data included 28 million download request events from the server logs of Sci-Hub from 1 September 2015 through 29 February 2016. There re 2.7 uncompressed GB of data separated into 6 data files, one for each month, in tab-delimited text format. The dataset has been downloaded 2,588 times (as of 19 Nov 2016)

Statistics based on server log data supplied by Alexandra Elbakyan, the neuroscientist who created Sci-Hub in

2011 as a 22-year-old graduate student in Kazakhstan.

Usage participating countries in

5R activities for free and perpetual permission rights to:

1. Retain content creation, ownership, and control (e.g., download, duplicate, store, and manage)

2. Reuse content in many ways (e.g., classroom, study groups, websites, videos)

3. Revise, adapt, adjust, modify, or content (e.g., translate into another language)

4. Remix original or revised content with other material to create something new (e.g., mashups)

5. Redistribute or share copies of the original content, revisions, or remixes with others (e.g., give a copy of the content to a friend)

http://www.opencontent.org/definition/

http://www.opencontent.org/definition/

Open textbooks provide real savings for students, create measurable positive impact on student success, and enable faculty to reclaim their courses

The Open Textbook Library: free, peer-reviewed, and openly-licensed academic textbooks with high ratings and freely available comments

Provide access to a suite of materials, including slide decks, data collection tools, and instructional support

Resource documents available Guidebook to Research on Open Educational Resources Adoption Modifying an Open Textbook: What You Need to Know

http://research.cehd.umn.edu/otn/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/OER-Research-Guidebook.pdfhttps://press.rebus.community/otnmodify/

library space trends

yesterdays library of the future

todays library goal: inviting campus destinations to study, collaborate, actively learn, research, have fun, and relax

space goals for making the library invaluablethe library as an information exploratorium

student-centered active learning spaces for both individual and collaborative work

open, active, adaptable, extremely flexible and highly mobile approachable kiosks and counters (not off-putting service desks) a variety of comfortable and ergonomic seating and work tables reliable WiFi and infinite electrical sockets everywhere whiteboards everywhere: mobile and on every surface (walls, tables) natural light (as much as possible)

students become the owners of the space, moving tables, chairs, and whiteboards as

and when they wish

digital signage

mobile whiteboards

collaboration rooms

multifunctioning walls

variable seating

what students are seeking

the new model for learning spaceslibrary spaces converge to adapt to student study habitscombines the coffee shop, library, student center, dormitory, & classroom

Source: EAB (Education Advisory Board)

24/7 AccessComfortable furniture

Power supplyInformal environment

Wireless networkCollaborative work

Caffeinated beveragesReconfigurable furniture

Laptop computers

the library as a fun placecafs

therapy dogsgames and puzzles

adult coloring books

seating atCase Western Reserve

Universitys Kelvin Smith Library

seating at Northeastern

University

seating & lighting at North Carolina

State University

seating at Northeastern

University

services at North Carolina State University

services at Northeastern

University

research today: digital scholarship

digital scholarship centers:common services

video and audio studios equipment loans large scale visualization systems statistics and geospatial services visualization hardware & software digitization & editing stations for all

formats (images, audio, video) teleconferencing 3D Printing & other maker spaces

Case Western Reserve UniversityDigital Scholarship

Center

visualization labsat the

North Carolina State University

Digital Scholarship Center

digital scholarship projects: examples Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States (University of

Richmond) Brazil: Five Centuries of Change (Brown University) Dutch Art in the World (University of Iowa) Mapping Senufo: Art and Place in a Dynamic West African Region

(Emory University) Womens Writers Project (Northeastern University) Dramatic Museum Realia exhibit (Columbia University)

digital scholarship:

the future of the institutional repository

>80% of faculty preserve, organize, and manage their own data; only 10% rely on libraries to do so*

* Ithaka faculty survey, 2015

Subject or discipline repositories are seen as stable, but individual affiliations change

Funder requirements to deposit into an open access repository

Institutional repositories make research conducted at the university visible

Institutional repositories make university research visible and permanently preserves it

Few institutions have true preservation-level institutional repositories

Meta-indexing or federated repositories?

research: scholars hubs

and research information systems

why scholars hubs are important:

institutional global rankings

Times Higher Education: World University Ranking

Quacquarelli Symonds (QS): World University Rankings

Shanghai Jiao Tong University: Academic Ranking of World Universities

Scimago

U.S. News and World Reports: Best Global Universities

Times Higher Education Index

library content, research impact, & global rankings

to improve an institutions global ranking, increase the exposure of the facultys research to the world

Hong Kong University

applying the trends:library planning and design

and organizational assessment

Planning =

Experimentation

ExecutionCommunication

Assessment

Refinement

library trends:

application cycle

1. understand the trends2. understand your needs3. understand your resources

1. Assign individual responsibility2. Identify resource gaps3. Modify the organizational design

regularly monitor progress against success metrics

design thinking

strategic planning

Strategic plans reflect your choices concerning library trends.

Without a strategic plan, you neither know where you are going, nor

know how to evaluate whether you are achieving success.

experimentationask for bad ideaso no sacred cowso empower people to think and create bold,

and even outlandish, ideas

move beyond benchmarkso go beyond benchmarkso apply diagnostic internal quantitative and

qualitative analyses to see if and how a benchmark applies to your organization

http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/rethinking-the-rules-of-reorganization

http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/rethinking-the-rules-of-reorganization

experimentation: understand your organizations current culture and its agility

Place a check next to every word that describes how it currently feels to work in your organization today.

Total up the number in each quadrant to determine which best describes your organization today.

Organizational health is a predictor of strong performance.

A 2015 analysis showed that organizations with both speed and stability have a 70% chance of being ranked in the top

quartile by organizational health.

This is a much higher proportion than among companies that focused only on one or the other.

Survey and quadrant at http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/agility-it-rhymes-with-stability

http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/agility-it-rhymes-with-stability

experimentation:Harvard Law Library

http://lil.law.harvard.edu/

Haystacks

H20

http://lil.law.harvard.edu/

design thinking in libraries

Empathize

Define

Ideate

Prototype

Test

Refine

model adapted from Stanford Universitys Crash Course in Design Thinking https://dschool.stanford.edu/dgift/

see the world through the eyes of your customer

define the problem or opportunity

identify possible solutions

experiment with a model

of the solution test the

experiment in real time

modify, and experiment

again

https://dschool.stanford.edu/dgift/

other new roles for the academic library

facilitator of campus

partnershipsHumanities

Center

Interactive Commons

Libraries

Maker Spaces

Research Admin.

Teaching &

Learning Center

Info Tech

Researchers

common projectintake processes

communication &shared resources

personal librarian and first year experience programs

assign a library staff member to teach each first year student one-on-one how to do research

hold special events throughout the year so they learn about the library in different ways, and see it as a friendly place

choosing trends and moving forward

no library can do everythingchoosing what to do is a careful balancing act

Everything in moderation, including moderation.

- Oscar Wilde

"Moderation in all things."

- Aristotle Doctrine of the Mean- Inscription on the Temple of Apollo at Delphi- Seven Sages of Greece (either Cleobulus or Solon)

Cheshire Puss, would you tell me which way I ought to go fromhere?That depends a good deal on where you want to get to, said theCat.I dont much care where, said Alice.Then it doesnt matter which way you go, said the Cat. so long as I get somewhere, Alice added as an explanation.Oh, youre sure to do that, if you only walk long enough. saidthe Cat.

Arnold HirshonAssociate Provost & University Librarian

Case Western Reserve [email protected]

thank you

mailto:[email protected]

Trendsand how to use themSlide Number 2Slide Number 3the relevance of these trends to your countryHow to Select From Among Many IdeasSlide Number 6Slide Number 7some anecdatathe future of the university IS the future of the librarymore anecdata:What makes you optimistic about the next 50 years?Yet More Anecdata: Two Opposing Views2015: 18 tech trends transforming academic librariessources of library trends: 2016Slide Number 13some Delphi takeawayswhere are we today?the library todaytomorrow: increasing the librarys value in academic successSlide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20new content strategiesSci-hub: piracy, or the ultimate open access?Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Open Access? The Sci-Hub Effectall downloads: percentage from Sci-Hub, and not from EIFL databasesSlide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31library space trendsSlide Number 33todays library goal: inviting campus destinations to study, collaborate, actively learn, research, have fun, and relaxspace goals for making the library invaluablethe library as an information exploratoriumdigital signagethe new model for learning spaceslibrary spaces converge to adapt to student study habitscombines the coffee shop, library, student center, dormitory, & classroomthe library as a fun placeSlide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41Slide Number 42Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 45digital scholarship centers:common servicesCase Western Reserve UniversityDigital ScholarshipCenterSlide Number 48digital scholarship projects: examplesSlide Number 50research: scholars hubs and research information systemswhy scholars hubs are important:institutional global rankingsTimes Higher Education IndexSlide Number 54Slide Number 55Slide Number 56Hong Kong Universityapplying the trends:library planning and design and organizational assessmentSlide Number 59strategic planningexperimentationexperimentation: understand your organizations current culture and its agility experimentation:Harvard Law Librarydesign thinking in librariesSlide Number 65facilitator of campus partnershipspersonal librarian and first year experience programschoosing trends and moving forwardthank you