40
URBAN FOOD HABITS AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEALTH Report Dissemination on RESEARCH TEAM TEAM LEADER : DR. UMA KOIRALA RESEARCH COORDINATOR: MS. ANITA BAKE ENUMERATORS: MS. MINA RAI MS. YAM KUMARI MS. MINA KUSI Presentation by : Ms. Anita Bake

Junk food habits

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Report Dissemination on Rationale Urbanization and globalization has brought shift in the dietary pattern Increased trend of western type high fat, high sugar and refined carbohydrates and low fiber diets by consuming packed foods, canned juices and soft drinks. Non- communicable disease are “Silently” becoming a heavy burden for developing countries like Nepal. Food intakes and Nutrition is the fore major modifiable determinant of chronic disease. The occurrence of the Non-communicable disease can be prevented to the extent of 80 % simply by adopting good lifestyle like physical exercise, balanced diet and avoiding smoking and alcohol. Research Objective Primary goal of the study is to study the food habits of the children and adolescent of Kathmandu Valley. Specific objective of the research 1. Identify the dietary pattern of the urban children and adolescent on junk foods and restaurant culture. 2. Analyze the effects of the economic and social status as well as peer pressure on food consumption pattern. 3. To indicate the possible risk factors for associated with food consumption pattern. 4. To develop a mechanism for addressing the need for more adequate food information system to maintain the food and nutritional situation of population.

Citation preview

Page 1: Junk food habits

URBAN FOOD HABITS AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEALTH

Report Dissemination on

RESEARCH TEAMTEAM LEADER : DR. UMA KOIRALA RESEARCH COORDINATOR: MS. ANITA BAKEENUMERATORS: MS. MINA RAI

MS. YAM KUMARI MS. MINA KUSI

Presentation by : Ms. Anita Bake

Page 2: Junk food habits

Urban Food Habits : Background The risk factors for non- communicable disease are1. Smoking Habits2. Alcoholism 3. Low quality diet4. Physical inactivity

Non communicable disease Major killer in today's scenario.

According to World Health Organization, out of 58 million deaths globally, non communicable disease accounts for 35 milling death in 2005.

79 % of the death in global scenario is attributed to non-communicable disease occur in developing countries

Among the total deaths in South Asia, proportion attributed to non-communicable disease range 7 % in Nepal.

Page 3: Junk food habits

Non-Communicable disease

Diet

Alcohol

Tobacco and

smoking

Physical activity

Page 4: Junk food habits

Rationale• Urbanization and globalization has brought shift in the

dietary pattern • Increased trend of western type high fat, high sugar and

refined carbohydrates and low fiber diets by consuming packed foods, canned juices and soft drinks.

• Non- communicable disease are “Silently” becoming a heavy burden for developing countries like Nepal.

• Food intakes and Nutrition is the fore major modifiable determinant of chronic disease.

• The occurrence of the Non-communicable disease can be prevented to the extent of 80 % simply by adopting good lifestyle like physical exercise, balanced diet and avoiding smoking and alcohol.

Page 5: Junk food habits

Primary goal of the study is to study the food habits of the

children and adolescent of Kathmandu Valley. Specific objective of the research1. Identify the dietary pattern of the urban children and adolescent

on junk foods and restaurant culture.2. Analyze the effects of the economic and social status as well as

peer pressure on food consumption pattern. 3. To indicate the possible risk factors for associated with food

consumption pattern.4. To develop a mechanism for addressing the need for more

adequate food information system to maintain the food and nutritional situation of population.

Research Objective

Page 6: Junk food habits

Methodology

• Primary and Secondary data collection by adopting both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection

• The study area is eight schools of three districts from Kathmandu Valley including primary level classes and Higher secondary level students

Page 7: Junk food habits

Globlization Urbanization

Global marketing

Socio-economic factor

Peer Pressure

Dietary Transition from traditional nutritious food to Junk/packed foods

Adolescent Children

Food Preferences

Urban Food Habit

Parent's education and occupation

Family Background

Family type- Breakfast

-Lunch- Tiffin

Food Habits Health Condition

Homemade foodJunk/packed foods

Cold drinksRestaurants/cafes/canteen

foods

Health problemsBMI

Guardians

Food Marketing & Advertisement

Page 8: Junk food habits

Schools Information• Kathmandu District1. Suryodaya Higher Secondary School- Dillibazzar, Kathmandu2. Mount Glory Higher Secondary School- Tahachal, Kathmandu3. National Integrated College (NIC)- Dillibazar, Kathmandu4. Siddhartha Banasthali H. S. School- Banasthali, Kathmandu• Lalitpur District1. Balankur Secondary School – Lalitpur2. Jana Bhavana Campus- Chapagoun, Lalitpur• Bhaktapur District1. Prabhat H. E.S. School – Byasi- Bhaktapur2. Khwopa H. S. School- Dhekocha- Bhaktapur

Page 9: Junk food habits

Data Analysis and Results

A comparative data analysis of the data collected from students and children has been done as following:

Page 10: Junk food habits

1. Age and Sex wise distribution of the Respondents

1. Children are most active physically and mentally. • High growth phase by gaining adolescent height, weight and sexual

development. The food consumption patterns in these regards are very important for these ages for normal development

Children : Primary Level Students-Age group from 8-10 age were 47 % and 11-13 age were 53 %

2. Adolescent is a period of intense physiological, psychological and social change. • Eating patterns are frequently erratic in adolescents. • ‘Early adopters’ of new products or ideas. • These age groups provide the insight of the nutritional transition happening in

the food habits of the new generation.

Adolescents : Higher Secondary Level Students- Age group from 15-17 age were 65 % and 18-20 age were 35%.

Page 11: Junk food habits

2. Types of Family

• The type of family where the children has been brought up influences the dietary pattern of the children.

• The type of family also represents the socio- economic background of the respondents.

Children: 64 %of the children live with Nuclear / Single family and 26 % live with

Joint familyAdolescents 78 % of the respondents have the Nuclear family 22 % of the respondents have Joint familyIn Average 71 % of the respondent’s families are living in nuclear families 29 % of the respondents are living as joint families.

Page 12: Junk food habits

Types of Breakfast

Children• 59 percent of the respondents consume breads and milk for

their breakfast.• 15 percent eat cornflakes and milk in breakfast • 8 percent eat rice, dal and curry for breakfast. • Consume biscuits, pies, fruitcakes, milk, noodles, tea, coffee and doughnuts for breakfastAdolescents • 62 percent of the respondents eat their breakfast at home• 11 percent have their breakfast at School,• 26 percent have their breakfast in Canteen/Café• 1 percent of the respondent pack food from home for breakfast.

Page 13: Junk food habits

Types of Lunch

Children • 77 % eat lunch homemade foods • 22 % eat readymade packed foods • 1 % eat restaurant foods

Adolescents • 75% of the respondents have homemade food for Lunch • 23 % generally have readymade packed foods for lunch• 3 % of the respondents have their lunch in Restaurants. • Adolescent consume less homemade foods and more packed and

restaurant foods than children

In averages • 75.50 % i.e. 3/4th of the respondents eat home cooked foods • 22.5 % respondents eat ready to eat/Junk foods • 2 % eat at restaurants • 1/4th of the respondents eat junk and fast foods for lunch

Homemade food Readymade packed foods

Restruant foods0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

77

22

1

74

23

3

ChildrenAdolescents

Types of lunchPe

rcen

tage

Page 14: Junk food habits

Types of Tiffin

Children • 77 % of the respondents bring Tiffin from home • 23 % get pocket money . Adolescents,• 20 %of the respondents get home food for the Tiffin.• 80 % of the respondents get pocket money • They normally go to restaurants, buy junk foods. In average, • 42 % of the respondents get home cooked food for Tiffin, • 6.5 % of respondents get packed food as Tiffin• 51.5% i.e. more than half the percent of the respondents

get pocket money for the Tiffin.

Home cooked food Pocket Money Packed food fromhome0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

64

23

13

20

80

0

ChildrenAdolescent

Perc

enta

ge

Page 15: Junk food habits

Food and Drink Preferences

Preferences• 54 percent respondents prefer home cooked foods.• 46 percent respondents prefer junk foods or canteen foods to eat

Similarly • 60 percent respondent prefered water and 40 percent respondent

prefered drinking soft drinks to water.

Reasons for prefering junk foods and soft drinksJunk foods are Soft Drinks are• Tasty Tasty• easily available Easily Available• cheaper Cheaper• saves times Saves times

• Refreshing than water

Home cooked food Packed foods/canteen foods0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7065

43

35

57

ChildrenAdolescents

Preferences of food items

Perc

enta

ges

Water Colddrinks0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

59

4139

61

ChildrenAdolescents

Preference between water and colddrings

Perc

enta

ge

Page 16: Junk food habits

Frequency of Consuming Junk Foods and Soft Drinks

Frequency of Consuming Junk foods• 16 percent of the respondents consume junk food twice a

day• 37 percent consume at least once a day• 27.5 percent consume junk foods on every alternate days • 19.5 percent respondents consume junk foods only once a

week.Frequency of Consuming Soft Drinks• 11.50 percent respondents always consume soft drinks• 61.5 percent respondents consume soft drinks occaisonaly • 27 percent rarely consume any soft drinks. Tw

ice a

day

Once a d

ay

On the a

ltern

ate day

s

Once a w

eek

05

10152025303540

18

38

31

1314

36

24 26

ChildrenAdolescents

Frequency of consumption of junk food

Perc

enta

ge

Twice

a day

Once a d

ay

On the a

ltern

ate day

s

Once a w

eek

0

5

10

1520

25

30

3540

18

38

31

1314

36

2426

ChildrenAdolescents

Frequency of consumption of junk food

Perc

enta

ge

Page 17: Junk food habits

Effects of Advertisement on Food Consumption

• 57 percent respondents watch television less than one hour,

• 32.5 percent respondents watch television for 2-3 hrs. a day

• 10.5 percent respondents watch television more that 4 hrs. a day.

• 63 percent of the total respondents like to eat the food items shown in the advertisement

• 37 percent respondents do not like to eat food items shown in advertisement.

Page 18: Junk food habits
Page 19: Junk food habits

Nutrition Knowledge of Adolescents

• 85 percent have knowledge of balance diet • 15 percent do not have any idea of balanced

diet• High percent of the adolescents were aware

about the contents of junk foods and soft drinks but unaware of their effects on their health.

Page 20: Junk food habits

Opinions Regarding Junk foods

• 17 percent respondents think junk foods are healthy

• 22 percent of them think, consumption of junk foods also help in normal development and growth

Page 21: Junk food habits

Body Mass Index (BMI)

• BMI is one of the means to measure the nutritional status of the person.

• Calculation of the BMI is done as per the provided height and weight measurement.

• 31 percent adolescents are underweight• 48 percent adolescents are of normal weight• 15 percent adolescents are overweight and • 6 percent adolescents are obese

Underweight Normal Overweight Obese0

5

10

15

20

25

30

13

26

8

1

18

22

7

5

Male Female

Body weight as per BMI

Perc

enta

ge o

f res

pond

ents

Page 22: Junk food habits

Health Problems

• 48 percent of the adolescents complained of having health problem

• Highest percent of them complained of having Gastritis, bowel problem, common cold, diarrhea and weakness.

Page 23: Junk food habits

Results from guardian’s survey• Many parents prefer providing junk foods or money

to children • About 50 percent of guardians have no information

what their children are given at school for Tiffin• Approx 1/3 of the parents from urban societies do

not have time to prepare Tiffin for their children• High percent of guardians, themselves buy junk food

and soft drinks for children in every occasions and weekends

• 60 percent of the guardians think that advertisement has highest effects on food preferences of children

Page 24: Junk food habits

Contd…..• High percent of the educated parents seems to

have knowledge of Balanced diet but lack the information of junk food effects on children health

• 13 percent of guardians think that junk foods helps for children development

• 32 percent have no idea what effect junk foods has on health.

• The maximum percent of the guardians think that giving junk foods sometimes as in once to twice a week if fine for children

Page 25: Junk food habits

Major Findings

• Higher the income of the parents , higher is the consumption of junk foods.

• Better the economic status of the family, higher is the consumption of junk foods

• High percentages of the adolescents prefer junk foods than children.

• Guardians lack the knowledge in the change in food’s nutritional value after processing and modification.

Page 26: Junk food habits

Contd….

• Knowledge gap in understanding the actual contents and ingredients of junk foods and its real and long term impacts on health.

• Canteen foods : mo: mo, chowmein, noodles, pakouda, chips, bread chops and soft drinks- more dangerous than the packed foods .

• High knowledge level and information BUT prevalence of ignorance in the feeding habits of the children in urban areas

Page 27: Junk food habits

Conclusion

• Urbanization and globalization is changing people’s lifestyle and diet in developing countries.

• There is strong relationship between diet and emergence of Non-communicable disease

• Developing countries like Nepal is facing double burden of diseases as they are already facing malnutrition, diarrhea, infection and now they are also facing high increase in non-communicable disease

Page 28: Junk food habits

Contd….

• The marketing of junk/ packed foods increasing consumption is increasing day by day.

• More the consumption of junk foods more is the risk for Non –Communicable disease

• Children and Adolescents are the most vulnerable to the so called modern trends of eating junk foods and cold drinks

• The traditional staples food are being replaced by junk foods

Page 29: Junk food habits

Recommendations : On Government Level

• Incorporate and prioritize nutrition as a cross- cutting issues in Government’s policies to form and implement policy to avert the growing epidemic and diet related complications in Nepal.

• Use of artificial, synthetic additives in food items is high in junk foods. Hence, this should be limited within the standards of food laws.

• There should be a clear policy related to advertisement and promotion of various junk foods/soft beverages and should bring out strict laws against the promotion of junk food items.

• Need for sufficient data base on food habits, patterns and nutrition sufficiency.

Page 30: Junk food habits

Recommendations : Policy implications

• Implementation of World Health Organization’s recommendation on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children in order to reduce the exposure of children to marketing messages that promote foods high in saturated fats, trans-fatty acid, free sugars or salt and to reduce the use of powerful techniques to market these foods to children.

• Advocacy and lobbying should be increased to formulate new plans and program and implement them against the faulty advertisement and hence try to control the misconceptions being created that junk foods are healthy for consumption.

• There is a need of comprehensive food and nutrition plans/policies, schools extensive program and health programs

Page 31: Junk food habits

Contd..

• Strong advocacy and lobbying is essential to aware policymakers about the risks and costs involvement of consuming unhealthy diets.

• There is a need of revise school level nutrition related curriculum so that student could get actual knowledge of nutrition which is very effective mode of knowledge sharing and could influence the eating pattern of family/household level as well.

Page 32: Junk food habits

Recommendations: I/NGOsCBOs

• NGO should incorporated nutrition related program by coordinating with Government and other NGO’s to avoid duplication and flow the nutrition related program effectively

• Nutrition stakeholders, health personal, civil society groups and local leaders should increase awareness on the need for the scaling up nutrition actions and investments to prevent non-communicable diseases, promote consumer’s protection, food quality control, advocate for policy options and monitor implementation of nutrition related policies.

Page 33: Junk food habits

Recommendations: On School Level

• Encourage students/children to eat healthy homemade foods by teachers and school authorities.

• Sufficient Food and nutrition knowledge that links to food and health should be included at all level of school education.

• The study has raised the issues on the quality, healthiness, hygiene and safety of the college canteen food services and School Tiffin Services. Hence, college and schools should understand the importance of healthy diet in development of adolescent and children and collaborate with the food and nutrition expertise to provide the students with safe, hygienic and good quality food items.

Page 34: Junk food habits

Recommendations: On household/Parents level

• Schools should introduce the policies of not allowing junk foods inside school including school canteen as junk free zone.

• Never encourage students/Children to drink soft drinks and other preserved energy drinks.

• Guardians should be made aware and literate about good and proper nutrition and its importance by the school authorities during meeting with them.

Page 35: Junk food habits

Recommendations: Research, Resources and Knowledge Management

• Need of sufficient data base on this sector has to be

established. • Need of more human resources on nutrition to work in diet-

related various issues to increase awareness and introduce effective intervention in community regarding nutrition.

• Need to conduct research on how diet- related chronic diseases affect socio-economic prospects, prevalence of Life- style associated disease, Nutritional transition in Nepal and its effects to health, Effects of advertisement in Food habits and consumption pattern, Variation in consumption of junk foods and fruits/vegetables and many other research that associates food consumption and health.

Page 36: Junk food habits

References• P. Pingali, (2004), Westernization of Asian Diets and the transformation of food

system: Implication for research and policy. ESA working paper no: 04-17, paper prepared for agriculture and development, economics division, FAO, Rome.

• • WHO (2003), Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease, WHO technical

report series, 916, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.• • Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) (2010), Prevalence of non-communicable

disease in Nepal, hospital based study, NHRC and Nepal government, 1steditions’ printing Press, Kathmandu.

• • WHO (2008), Our Cities, Our Health, Our Future, Acting in social determinants for

health equity in urban settings, Paper to the WHO commission of social determinants of health from knowledge network on urban settings, WHO, Geneva.

• FAO (2004), Globalization of food system in developing countries: impact on food security and nutrition and Nutrition paper 83, FAO, Rome.

• • WHO, (2002), Globalization, Diets and Non-communicable disease, 20 Avenue,

Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland

Page 37: Junk food habits

• D. Helene ( 1990);Patterns of urban food consumption in developing countries, perspective from the 1990’s, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, FAO division , FAO , Rome.

• • WHO (2005), Nutrition in adolescent – Issues and challenges for the health sector, Issues and adolescent

health d development, 20 Avenue, 1211 Geneva, 27 Switzerland.• WHO (2006), Adolescent Nutrition: A selected food security and food supply, Agriculture and consumer

protection department.• • FAO (2010), the impact of global change and urbanization on household food Security and food safety.

Agriculture and consumer protection department, FAO, Rome.• • Dr. U. Aruna (2005), Junk Food Epidemic, Nepali Times, Kathmandu, Nepal.• • Sharma. I (1998), Trends in intake of ready to eat foods among urban children in Nepal, SCN News , 16:21-2• • Amuna.P, Zotor.F.B (15-18 August 2006), “ Epidemiological and Nutrition transition in developing countries:

impact on human development, paper presented at the second African Nutritional Epidemiology Conference, Gimpa, Legon, Ghana.

Page 38: Junk food habits

• Musaiger.A.O, Bader.Z, Al-Roomi, K, D’Souza.R, ( 9th September 2011)” Dietary and Lifestyle habits among adolescents in Bahrain”, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain Center of studies and research, Kingdom of Bahrain

• • Singh. A.K, Maheshwari. A, Sharma.N,K. Anand ( October 2006 ). “ Lifestyle Associated Risk Factors in Adolescents ”, Center for

Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India. • • Ramborger.E ( October 2011), “ Bringing Agriculutre to the Table: How Agriculture and Food Can play role in improving Global

Health and Preventing Chronic Disease ” Global Agriculture and Food policy, Issue Brief Series, The Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Chicago.

• • Nepal: The downside of Urbanization (online) (cited 2011, December )• Available: <www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=93103>[ 2011, December]• • Schwefel.D( 2003) “Emerging Food related Health Problems in Globlization” Berlin • • Kaushik. J.S, Narang. M, Parakh.A( February 2011) “ Fast Food Consumption in Children ” Perspective, Volume 48,

IndinaPerdiatrics, India.• • WHO , “ Should Adolescents be specifically targeted for Nutrition in Developing Countries? To address which Problems, and how?

, Department of Nutrition, University de’ Montreal, Montreal (Que), Canade.• • Standing Committee on Nutrition(SCN) ( 2011), “ Nutrition and Non-Communicable disease: critical to take action and move now!

United Nation System

Page 39: Junk food habits

• WHO (2011), “Non- Communicable Disease Country Profile” WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. • Diet, Nutrition and Chronic disease in content(online) (cited 2011, December )Available :<http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/4_dietnutrition/en/index8.html >• Nugent. R.( 2008 ) “ Chronic Disease in Developing Countries Health and Economic Burdens” Central for Global Development, Washington, DC, USA • Temple. T.J, Steyn . N.P, Myburgh.N.G et al ( 2005) “ Food items consumed by students attending schools in different socioeconomic areas in Cape Town, South Africa”

[online].Available: <http://www.elsevier.com/locate/nut > [2005 July ] • Vereecken. C.A, Henauw.S, Maes.L ( 2005) “ Adolescents’ food habits: results of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey” Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,

Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pinetelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. • • WHO and World Bank Consultation ( November 2002), “ Food Policy Options, Preventing and Controlling Nutrition Related Non-Communicable Disease” WHO, Geneva, Switzerland,

Health, Nutrition and Population, The world Bank.• • Srilaksshimi.B. (2005) “Dietitics” (Fifth Edition) New Age International (P), Limited, Ansari road, India.• • Swaminathan, M.( 1974) “ Essential of Food and Nutrition” Vol I, The Banglore Printing and publishing Co.Ltd.• Maharjan. K. (2004) “ Knowledge and Consumption Pattern of Junk Food among Adolesecents at Kathmandu Metropolitan City and Kirtipur Municipality, dissertion submitted in

partial fulfillement of the requirement for degree of Master of Home Science.• • Bajrachraya.K.L (2004) “ An Assessment of Various Types of Tiffin Taken by School Going Children in Lalitpur” dissertion submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

degree of Masters of Home Science.• • Pant. P.R.( 2010) “ Social Science Research and Thesis Writing” Fifth Edition, Buddha Academic publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. Kathmandu, Nepal.• • Joshi.S.A(2010), “ Nutrition and Dietetics” Third Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi.• • http://www.who.int/mip2001/files/2233/NHDbrochurecentrefold.pdf• •

Page 40: Junk food habits

Thank you