1. JENIS JENIS TEXT DALAM BHS INGGRIS

2. NARRATIVE TEXT Pengertian Teks yang bercerita mengikuti alur waktu Tujuan komunikatif Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal. Struktur Teks Orientation/ pengenalan : pengenalan tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya. Complication: gambaran munculnya krisis atau masalah yang di alami oleh tokoh pada cerita tersebut yang harus dipecahkan. Resolution: bagaimana tokoh dari cerita tersebut memecahkan masalah yang ada pada bagian Complication. Biasanya terdapat lebih dari satu Resolution untuk satu Complication. Coda: berisi perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita tersebut. 3. Contoh Teks: Snow White Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead. One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didnt have enough money to take Snow White. Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods. Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep. Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, what is your name? Snow White said, My name is Snow White. Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, If you wish, you may live here with us. Snow White said, Oh could I? Thank you. Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and finally Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after. 4. SPOOF TEXT Pengertian Teks yang bersumber dari kejadian faktual dimasa lampau dengan tujuan menghibur pendengar atau pembaca Tujuan komunikatif Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca. Struktur Teks Orientation/ pengenalan : pengenalan tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya. Event: gambaran munculnya kejadian-kejadian yang wajar untuk membuat alur cerita. Twist: kejadian sebaliknya yang memunculkan ending yang lucu dan tak diduga sebelumnya. 5. Contoh Text: Crossed The Street One day an old man stood up on a bus halt. He looked waiting something. Then he asked to a young man near him. "Excuse me, may I ask you something?" said the old man. "Yes, what is it?" the young man replied. "What time is the bus to Bandung?" asked the old man. "5 minutes later," the young man answered. "What time is the bus to Semarang?" the old man asked again. "Around 10 minutes later," the young man answered briefly. "Where are you going to go, sir?" "I just want to cross this street. I'm afraid they hit me," the old man answered then walked crossing the street. 6. RECOUNT TEXT Pengertian Teks yang menceritakan kembali kejadian yang telah terjadi berurutan dengan menggunakan keterangan waktu yang jelas pada masa lampau Tujuan komunikatif Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca. Struktur Teks Orientation/ pengenalan : pengenalan tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya. Event: gambaran munculnya kejadian-kejadian yang wajar untuk membuat alur cerita. Twist: kejadian sebaliknya yang memunculkan ending yang lucu dan tak diduga sebelumnya. 7. Contoh Teks: CLASS PICNIC Last Friday our school went to Centennial Park for a picnic. First our teachers marked the rolls and the we got on the buses. On the buses, everyone was chatting and eating. When we arrived at the park, some students played cricket, some played cards but others went for a walk with the teachers. At lunchtime, we sat together and had our picnic. Finally, at two oclock we left for school. We had a great day. 8. PROCEDURE TEXT Pengertian Teks yang menjelaskan dengan jelas cara membuat atau melakukan sesuatu. Tujuan komunikatif Memberi petunjuk cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah. Struktur Teks Goal/Aim/Tujuan Materials/Tools/Bahan/Alat Steps/Methods/Langkah 9. Contoh Teks: How to make Lemonade Ingredients: For each glass use: - 2 tablespoons of lemon juice. - 2 tablespoons of sugar. - 1 glass of water. Methods: 1. Slice a lemon in half and squeeze the juice into a cup. 2. Take out the seeds. 3. Pour two tablespoons of juice into glass. 4. Add sugar. 5. Add water and stir well. 6. Taste the lemonade. You may want to add more sugar or more lemon to make it taste just right. 7. Put it in ice cubes. A drop of red food coloring will make pink lemonade. 10. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT Pengertian Teks yang menggambarkan seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu sehingga pembaca dapat membayangkan seolah- olah yang diceritakan itu benar-benar nyata. Tujuan komunikatif Memberikan informasi tentang ciri-ciri seseorang, benda, atau tempat tertentu. Struktur Teks Identification / Pengenalan: ciri-ciri seseorang, suatu benda atau tempat tertentu yang akan dideskripsikan. Description / Deskripsi: menggambarkan ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tersebut, misalnya bentuk, ukuran, warna, asal, kegemaran dan ciri khusus lainnya. 11. Contoh Teks: Niagara Waterfall Niagara Falls is a famous area of waterfalls. It is one of the most beautiful natural wonders of North America. It is on the Niagara River, about halfway between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. The Niagara River forms part of the border between Canada and the United States. At Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada is on one side of the river, and the U.S. state of New York is on the other side. Niagara Falls really has two waterfalls. The Horseshoe Falls are in Canada, and the American Falls are in the United States. The Niagara River drops into a steep gorge or canyon, at the falls. Most of the water flows over the Horseshoe Falls. They are not as high as the American Falls, but they are 2,600 feet (792 metres) wideabout 0.5 mile (0.8 kilometre). The American Falls are about 1,000 feet (305 metres) wide. Beyond the falls are the Whirlpool Rapids. There, the powerful swirling water has carved a bowl out of the rock. At night, coloured lights shine on the thundering falls. About 10 million people visit Niagara Falls each year. 12. REPORT TEXT Pengertian Teks yang mendeskripsikan sesuatu merujuk kepada gejala- gejala alam, hasil karya manusia, dan fenomena sosial dengan apa adanya. Informasi yang dihadirkan dalam Report Text adalah hasil dari observasi dan analisis secara sistematis. Tujuan komunikatif Memberikan informasi tentang sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Struktur Teks General Clasification/ Gambaran umum: pengenalan fenomena/ benda yang akan dibicarakan dengan menyertakan pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan, dan klasifikasi-nya. Description / Deskripsi: gambaran dari fenomena/ benda yang didiskusikan dari bagian ke bagiannya, kebiasaan atau tingkah laku untuk benda hidup, ataupun kegunaannya untuk benda secara detail. 13. Contoh Teks: Mangrove Tree A mangrove is a tropical marine tree. Mangroves have special aerial roots and salt-filtering tap roots which enable them to thrive in brackish water. Brackish water is salty but not as salty as sea water. Mangrove trees are commonly planted and found in coastal areas. Mangroves can serve as walls of protection for natural disaster in coastal area like tsunami. According to BBC News, healthy mangrove forests had helped save lives in the Asia disaster tsunami and people tended to respect these natural barriers even more, especially after the tsunami. There are several species of mangrove tree found all over the world. Some prefer more salinity, while others like to be very-close to a large fresh water source such as river. Some prefer areas that are sheltered from waves. Some species have their roots covered with sea water every day during high tide. Other species grow on dry land but are still part of the ecosystem. The Times of India reported that rare species of mangrove had been found and was also known as the looking-glass tree, probably because the leaves are silver-coated. Mangroves need to keep their trunk and leave above the surface of the water. Yet they also need to be firmly attached to the ground so they are not moved by waves. Any part of root that appears above the water flows oxygen to the plant under water surface. as the soil begin to build up, these roots procedure additional roots that become embedded in the soil. 14. NEWS ITEM TEXT Pengertian Teks yang memberi informasi kepada pembaca mengenai kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi sehari-hari. Kejadian-kejadian tersebut yang disampaikan kepada pembaca adalah kejadian yang dianggap penting, hangat dan patut dijadikan berita. Tujuan komunikatif Memberikan kepada pembaca tentang peristiwa atau kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan. Struktur Teks Newsworthy Event: berisi berita tentang peristiwa atau kejadian inti yang biasanya dalam bentuk ringkasan Background Event: bagian yang menceritakan atau berisi tentang latar belakang peristiwa atau kejadian, siapa yang terlibat dan di mana tempat kejadiannya Source: bagian yang menceritakan atau berisi tentang komentar, saksi kejadian, pendapat para ahli, dsb. mengenai peristiwa atau kejadian yang diberitakan. 15. Contoh Teks: Undersea earthquake strikes off Maluku JAKARTA (AP): A strong earthquake struck in eastern Indonesian waters on Tuesday, a meteorological agency said. A local official said there was no threat of a destructive tsunami, and no damage or causalities were immediately reported. The quake, which had a preliminary magnitude of 6.1, was centered beneath the Banda Sea around 188 kilometers (117 miles) southwest of Ambon, the capital of Maluku province, the U.S. Geological Survey said on its Web site. The tremor was not felt by residents in the region and there were no reports of damage or casualties, said Aprilianto, an official at a Jakarta-based local Meteorological and Geophysics Agency. 16. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT Pengertian Teks yang menjelaskan secara menyeluruh tentang suatu masalah dengan melibatkan pendapat dari penulis tersebut. Tujuan komunikatif Meyakinkan pembaca terhadap 'sesuatu' dengan memberikan satu sisi pendapat saja. Struktur Teks Thesis : bagian ini berisi tentang sudut pandang penulis terhadap suatu permasalah yang ada secara sederhana agar lebih mudah dipahami. Argument : Pada bagian ini berisikan tentang penguatan- penguatan dari thesis yang masih dalam bentuk sederhana tadi yang berupa argumen-argumen agar para pembaca lebih yakin tentang keberadaan dari permasalahan yang diangkat oleh penulis Re-iteration : Kesimpulan dari apa yang telah dibahas atau mengungkapkan kembali apa yang telah dibahas dalam thesis. 17. Contoh Teks: NUCLEAR POWER There are three separate source of hazard in the process of supplying energy by nuclear power. The radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture to the power station. Although the power station themselves are solidity, built, the container used for the transport of the material are not. There are normally two methods of transport available, namely road or rail. Unfortunately, both of this involve close contact with the general public, since the routes are sure to pass near, or even though, heavy populated areas. Next, there is problem of waste. All nuclear power station produce waste that the most cases will remain radioactive for thousand of years. It is impossible to make these wastes non radioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that the scientist have invented. For example, they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into abandoned mines, or sunk the sea. However, theses methods do not solve the problem, since the earthquake could easily crack the containers open. Finally, there is the problem of accidental exposure due to a leak or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two hazards, this is not very likely, so that is does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program. Nevertheless, it can happen. Separately, these three types of risk are not great cause for concern. On the whole through, the probability or disaster is still high. 18. HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT Pengertian Teks yang memuat tentang pendapat penulis untuk memengaruhi pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu atau bertindak dalam hal tertentu. Tujuan komunikatif Memaparkan dan memengaruhi pembaca bahwa seharusnya demikian dan seharusnya tidak demikian. Struktur Teks Thesis : pengenalan ide pokok penulis tentang suatu gejala atau kejadian yang akan diangkat atau dibahas. Argument : berisi tentang pendapat-pendapat yang mendukung ide pokok penulis. Recomendation: berisi tentang rekomendasi atau ajakan penulis terhadap pembaca. 19. Contoh Teks: Corruption Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. Its just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia. The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials. Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption. I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction. 20. EXPLANATION TEXT Pengertian Teks yang berisi tentang proses-proses yang berhubungan dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, soisal, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya dan lainnya. Sebuah Explanation text biasanya berasal dari pertanyaan penulis terkait why dan how terhadap suatu fenomena yang ada. Tujuan komunikatif Memaparkan atau menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena- fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya. Struktur Teks General statement: berisi tentang penjelasan umum tentang fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau penjelasannya. Sequenced of Explanation: berisi tentang penjelasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau tercipta. Closing: berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian squenced of explanation 21. Contoh Teks: How The Chocolate is Produced Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly how chocolate is made. Chocolate is taken from a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans. Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate makers. The chocolate makers work by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. The beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao beans from the shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fats. They are pure bitter chocolates. 22. DISCUSSION TEXT Pengertian Teks yang berisi tentang sebuah wacana yang bermasalah. Wacana yang bermasalah ini adalah wacana yang memiliki dua kubu antara Pro (mendukung) dan Contra (penentang) dan didiskusikan berdasarkan kedua sudut pandang. Tujuan komunikatif Untuk mengetengahkan suatu masalah atau isu yang ditinjau paling tidak dari dua sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi. Struktur Teks Issue: berisi tentang penempatan masalah atau isu yang akan didiskusikan. Supporting points: berisi tentang pendapat yang mendukung issue berupa ide pokok paragraf dan elaborasi atau uraian dari ide pokok paragraf tersebut. Contrasting points: berisi tentang pendapat yang menentang isu atau permasalahan. Conclusion or recomendation: kesimpulan atau bisa juga rekomendasikan dari isu atau permasalahan yang telah didiskusikan. 23. Contoh Teks: PROS AND CONS OF SCHOOL UNIFORMS The use of school uniforms is a topic of hot debate among parents and school administrators. Some argue the benefits of school uniforms, while others believe that the downsides are far more numerous. While you probably cannot influence what your school has already decided, you may have a voice on the issue of school uniforms in PTA meetings. You also have the choice of sending your child to a school that does or doesn't require school uniforms. If that is the case, here are a few pros and cons you should keep in mind. PROS Experts believe that children who wear school uniforms do better academically. This is due to a myriad of reasons, including not wasting time in the morning getting ready, lack of distractions, and a more formal studying environment. School uniforms may significantly reduce peer pressure. With students not having to worry about their looks, fitting in not longer becomes the main worry in kid's lives. School uniforms may also provide a way out for poor children who otherwise couldn't keep up with the trends and would face ridicule or pressure from other children. On the same note, while the initial investment to get school uniforms may be high, children can then wear the same outfit without having to worry about owning a large change of clothes. Uniforms are usually made out of durable, easy-to-care for materials that do not require frequent replacement. CONS School uniforms may hinder self expression through clothing, forcing children to find other ways to put across who they are. Children who wear school uniforms are more likely to use makeup early, and many resort to extreme accessories or to alter their uniforms to differentiate themselves from others. For example, many girls shorten their skirts as a way to rebel against the severity of school uniforms. Self expression and individuality is important to a child's development. Wearing school uniforms may teach children that is OK to conform to standards, even if you don't agree with them. It also sends the child a mixed message, as the real world does not allow for safe options such as wearing a uniform. As the result of this controversy, there are some countries or schools impose their students to wear school uniform and some others dont. Indonesian students have to wear school uniform since they are Kindergarden, elementary to high school, however they are free when they are in college or university. 24. REVIEW TEXT Pengertian Teks yang berisi ulasan tentang karya seseorang, seperti lagu, CD, buku, film, etc. Tujuan komunikatif Untuk memberi kritik, saran, atau sebuah respon terhadap sebuah karya agar khalayak ramai bisa ikut menilai. Struktur Teks Introduction: berisi tentang pengenalan terhadap pokok yang akan dibahas. Evaluation: berisi tentang gambaran detail dari sebuah karya. Menceritakan tentang apa yang menjadi kelebihan dari sebuah karya tersebut dan apa yang membuatnya menarik. Interpretation: penulis memberikan pendapatnya sendiri terhadap sebuah karya yang direviewnya. Untuk lebih meningkatkan kualitas dan hasil reveiwnya penulis bisa membandingkan dengan karya lainya yang memiliki kesamaan. Summary: kesimpulan dan penilaian penulis yang disampaikan kepada pembaca. 25. Contoh Teks: Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in my heart. I have to say that of all of the books, however, this was not my favorite. When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying. Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works...you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we're reading all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example - housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it. A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn't fit with his character, like he turned into a walking clich of the "angry teen" overnight. The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great. 26. Bagaimana materi tentang jenis-jenis teks ini? Semoga bisa menjadi rangkuman bagi adik- adik yang sedang mempersiapkan dan akan menempuh Ujian Nasional. Good Luck! Mau belajar Bahasa Inggris gratis? Call: 0361 8889 123